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"Diabetes Melitus (DM) meningkatkan risiko terkena TB paru, terutama pada kelompok berisiko tinggi. Meskipun penemuan kasus secara aktif dan peningkatan pelaporan di fasilitas kesehatan sangat penting, namun keterlibatan sektor swasta dalam pengendalian TB masih rendah karena adanya fragmentasi dan dana yang tidak memadai. Sistem Informasi Tuberkulosis (SITB) adalah perangkat lunak utama untuk mencatat dan melaporkan kasus TB, namun aksesnya terbatas dan sistemnya tidak terintegrasi dengan baik. Untuk mengatasi tantangan ini, diperlukan e-screening tool untuk mengintegrasikan skrining TB ke dalam skrining diabetes yang ada saat ini secara efisien sehingga notifikasi TB di FKTP swasta dapat meningkat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan mixed exploratory sequential, yang menggabungkan metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif secara bertahap. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 4 tahap.Di tahap pertama, dilakukan analisis faktor determinan TB pada pasien DM menggunakan data Riskesdas 2013 dan 2018. Lalu tahap 2 dilakukan analisis/evaluasi mengenai implementasi proses notifikasi TB pada FKTP swasta dan pada tahap 3, rancangan prototype e-screening tool. Pada tahap 4, uji coba protoype dilakukan di 2 di klinik di Jakarta Timur dan Jakarta Barat.Hasil penelitian di tahap 1 menunjukkan bahwa variabel diagnosa penyakit kanker, riwayat merokok, ketersediaan rumah sakit swasta dan ketersediaan praktik dokter/klinik secara statistik memiliki hubungan yang signifikan terhadap kejadian TB pada pasien DM. lalu dari hasil uji multivariat diperoleh hasil bahwa kanker merupakan faktor prediktif pada kejadian penyakit TB paru pada penderita DM. hasil penelitian tahap 2 menunjukkan bahwa belum semua FKTP swasta memiliki SITB mandiri yang menyebabkan pencatatan dan pelaporan kasus TB menjadi temuan milik puskesmas dimana hal ini berdampak pada rendahnya notifikasi TB di FKTP swasta. Hasil penelitian tahap 3 dan 4 menunjukkan bahwa untuk meningkatkan notifikasi TB di FKTP swasta dapat dilakukan dengan merancang e-screening tool TB dengan pendekatan kaskade TB 6T. Dengan mengintegrasikan JKN Mobile, E-RM, P-Care dan SITB dalam bentuk partner satu sehat, serta didukung dengan SDM, sarana prasarana dan pembiayaan yang cukup diharapkan dapat meningkatkan notifikasi TB di FKTP swasta sehingga dapat menurunkan angka kematian atau angka kesakitan akibat TB pada pasien DM.

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Diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the risk of developing pulmonary TB, especially in high-risk groups. While active case finding and improved reporting at health facilities are critical, private sector involvement in TB control remains low due to fragmentation and inadequate funding. The Tuberculosis Information System (TBIS) is the primary software for recording and reporting TB cases, but access is limited and the system is not well integrated. To overcome these challenges, an e-screening tool is necessary to efficiently integrate TB screening into existing diabetes screening so that TB notifications at private primary care facilities can increase.

This study used a mixed exploratory sequential approach, which combines quantitative and qualitative methods in 4 stages. In the first stage, the determinants of TB in patients with DM were analyzed using 2013 and 2018 Riskesdas data. Then in stage 2, an analysis/evaluation of the implementation of the TB notification process at private primary care facilities was carried out and in stage 3, an e-screening tool prototype was designed. Stage 4 is the pilot study of protype being carried out in 2 private clinics, at East and West Jakarta.

The results of stage 1 of the study showed that the variables of cancer diagnosis, smoking history, availability of private hospitals and availability of TB screening in DM patients were significantly associated with TB screening in DM patients. The results of the multivariate test showed that cancer was a predictive factor in the incidence of pulmonary TB disease in patients with DM. The results of phase 2 of the study showed that not all private primary health care facilities have independent SITB, which causes the recording and reporting of TB cases to be the findings of the puskesmas, thus has an impact on the low notification of TB in private primary health care facilities. The results of phase 3 and 4, showed that improving TB notification at private primary care facilities can be done by designing a TB e-screening tool with a 6T TB cascade approach.

By integrating JKN Mobile, E-RM, P-care and SITB in the form of the intergrated system of Satu Sehat, and supported by sufficient human resources, infrastructure and financing, these allow room for a better national TB control management. In this light, TB notification rate has a good potential for improvements at private primary care facilities, and thus eventually contributing to a reduction of mortality or morbidity due to TB in DM patients."

"Tuberkulosis (TB) masih menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan yang serius di Indonesia. Saat ini, diketahui bahwa Diabetes Melitus (DM) berasosiasi dengan kejadian TB. Orang dengan DM memiliki risiko tinggi berkembangnya TB laten menjadi TB aktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi TB pada pasien DM yang berobat di Puskesmas di DKI Jakarta serta faktor demografi yang mempengaruhi. Penelitian menggunakan desain potong lintang dan dilakukan dari bulan November 2013 sampai Januari 2014 pada 291 responden. Penentuan TB dilakukan berdasarkan gejala klinis dari hasil kuesioner, pemeriksaan radiologi serta sputum BTA. Prevalensi TB pada pasien DM di DKI Jakarta adalah sebesar 35,7%. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna proporsi TB berdasarkan kelompok usia (p=0,001), jenis kelamin (p<0,001), pekerjaan (p=0,004), status pernikahan (p=0,005) dan pendapatan perkapita (p=0,037).

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Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major public health problems in Indonesia. Studies show that TB is strongly associated with Diabetes Mellitus (DM). People with diabetes are at higher risk of developing TB than those without diabetes. This relationship may be influenced by many factors, including socio-demographic factors. This study aims to assess the prevalence of TB among DM patients in DKI Jakarta as well as the relationship of the prevalence regarding these factors.

This study is conducted using cross sectional design. The data collection has been conducted starting from November of 2013 to January of 2014. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and Fischer test. Total amount of respondents is 291. The result of this study shows that the prevalence of TB in DM patients in Jakarta is 35,7%. The result shows that age (p=0,001), sex (p<0,001), occupation (p=0,004), marital status (p=0,005), and income (p=0,037) are associated with TB in DM patients."

"Diabetes melitus adalah penyakit metabolisme yang merupakan suatu kumpulan gejala yang timbul pada seseorang karena adanya peningkatan kadar glukosa darah di atas nilai normal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 pada wanita dewasa di daerah perkotaan di Indonesia tahun 2013. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder Riskesdas 2013 dengan desain studi cross sectional. Sampel adalah wanita dewasa di daerah perkotaan yang tidak hamil dan memiliki kelengkapan data sebanyak 122.880 responden.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi DM berdasarkan diagnosis dan gejala sebesar 2.2 % dan menemukan bahwa prevalensi DM tertinggi berada pada faktor risiko, seperti umur ≥ 45 tahun (5.2%), pendidikan rendah (3.1%), tidak bekerja (2.3%), status cerai (3.6%), aktfitas cukup (2.2%), mantan perokok (4%), jarang makan manis (3.8%) dan berlemak (2.3%), obesitas (2.9%), obesitas sentral (2.9%), dan hipertensi (7.6%). Faktor risiko DM yang memiliki hubungan paling dominan adalah umur ≥ 45 tahun (POR : 9.24; 95 % CI 7.69-11.1), status cerai (POR : 5.95; 95 % CI 4.85-7.30), dan hipertensi (POR : 5.10; 95 % CI 4.70-5.54). Untuk itu, perlu diadakan sosialisasi untuk program deteksi dini faktor risiko DM, serta perlunya kesadaran diri untuk cek gula darah secara teratur untuk wanita dewasa di daerah perkotaan.

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Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease which is a collection of symptoms that occur due to an increase in blood sugar levels above normal. This study aims to determine the risk factors assosiated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in adult women in urban areas. This study used a data from Riskesdas 2013 and using cross sectional as design study. Samples were adult women above 18 living in urban areas who are nor pregnant and has complete data.Result shows the prevalence of DM that based on diagnosis and symptoms is 2.2 % and the risk factors with highest prevalence of diabetes are age ≥ 45 (5.2%), low educated (3.1%), umemployed (2.3%), divorced (3.6%), enough activity (2.2%), former smokers (4%), rarely eat sweets (3.8%) and fatty foods (2.3%), obese (2.9%), central obese (2.9%), and hypertension (7.6%). The risk factors that highly associated are age ≥ 45 (POR : 9.24; 95 % CI 7.69-11.1), divorce (POR : 5.95; 95 % CI 4.85-7.30), and hypertension (POR : 5.10; 95 % CI 4.70-5.54). Therefor, screening for DM and self-awareness to check the blood sugar level are s strongly recommended among adult women in urban areas."

"Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is strongly associated with lower performance on multiple domains of cognitive function and with structural abnormalities of the brain. With the growing epidemic of diabetes and aging population, neural complications of diabetes are expected to rise and becoming a challenge for future health implications. Understanding pathophysiology, factors associated with this complication, manifestation of cognitive impairment and various metabolic and neuroradiologic markers suggestive of this pathologic condition is crucial for proper management of this potentially debilitating complication of T2DM. This review will discuss briefly important aspects of cognitive impairment in T2DM."

"International Diabetes Federation IDF pada tahun 2014 menyatakan penyandang DM yang berusia 20 -79 tahun sejumlah 8 dari seluruh penduduk Indonesia. Jali merupakan tumbuhan serealia yang mengandung 24,9 gram fruktooligosakarida dari setiap 100 gram bijinya. Perpaduan satu porsi yogurt jali yang terdiri dari 100 ml yogurt, mengandung probiotik Lactobacillus acidophilus dan Bifidobacterium masing masing sebesar 109cfu/mL, dicampur dengan 25 g jali rebus dapat menurunkan inflamasi epitel usus yang ditandai dengan penurunan kadar Calprotectine CP feses, meningkatkan kadar Glucagon Like Peptide-1 GLP-1 dan menurunkan resistensi insulin yang berperan dalam mengontrol kadar glukosa darah.Penelitian ini menggunakan randomized controlled trial parallel group study, untuk menilai pengaruh pemberian yogurt dan yogurt jali selama 12 minggu pada 60 subjek penyandang DM tipe2 masing-masing sebanyak 30 subjek pada kelompok yogurt dan yogurt jali.Didapatkan penurunan rerata BB p.

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Background: International Diabetes Federation IDF in 2014 reported that diabetes mellitus prevalence in Indonesia were 8. Job`s tears is a cereal containing 24.9 grams of fructooligosaccharide per 100 grams of dry seed. The combination of one serving of yogurt with Job`s tears composed from 100 ml yogurt, containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium probiotics of 109cfu / mL each, mixed with 25 g of boiled Job`s tears could decrease the inflammation of the intestinal epithelium, decrease the oxidative stress and insulin resistance that will play a role in controlling blood glucose.Method: This study used randomized controlled trial parallel group study to evaluate the effect of yogurt and yogurt with Job`s tears on FBG, GLP-1, CP and body weight in type 2 diabetes mellitus. The subjects in this study were 60 employees of Atma Jaya Jakarta with randomization block, each of 30 subjects in intervention yogurt with Job`s tears and control yogurt only groups.Result: A reduced body weight p."

"ABSTRAKNama : Naila KarimaProgram Studi : Magister Epidemiologi Komunitas Judul : Hubungan Diabetes Mellitus dengan Kejadian Gangguan FungsiKognitif Ringan pada Lansia Puskesmas Kecamatan Cipayung Kota Depok Tahun 2017Pembimbing : Dr.dr.Helda, MKesDiabetes mellitus merupakan salah satu faktor risiko terjadinya Mild Cognitive Impairment MCI . MCI adalah gangguan fungsi kognitif ringan yang mengacu pada keadaan transisipenuaan normal dan demensia dan tidak mengganggu aktivitas harian. Tujuan penelitian iniadalah untuk mengetahui hubungan diabetes mellitus dengan kejadian gangguan kognitif ringanpada lansia di wilayah kerja puskesmas kecamatan Cipayung kota Depok. desain studi yangdigunakan adalah cross sectional menggunakan data primer dengan instrument MoCa-Inatervalidasi. Sampel berjumlah 272 pasien lanjut usia. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan coxregression. Hasil analisis data diperoleh prevalensi MCI sebesar 47,1 dan lansia dengan DMsebesar 17,3 . Pada analisis multivariat didapatkan MCI berisiko 2,4 kali lebih besar pada lansiayang memiliki DM dibandingkan dengan lansia yang tidak memiliki DM setelah dikontrolvariabel hipertensi dan variabel interaksi DM dengan hipertensi PR=2,436 95 CI: 1,191-4,983 .Skrining deteksi dini MCI pada lansia dengan DM merupakan intervensi awal untukmencegah terjadinya demensia.Kata kunci:Diabetes mellitus DM , Mild Cognitive Impairment MCI , Lansia

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ABSTRACTName Naila KarimaStudy Program Magister of EpidemiologyTitle Association Between Diabetes Mellitus in Elderly with IncidentMild Cognitive Impairment in Cipayung Health, Center Depok City, 2017Counsellor Dr.dr.Helda,MKesDiabetes mellitus is a risk factors of Mild Cognitive Impairment MCI . MCI is a transition phasebetween healthy cognitive aging and dementia. The purpose of this study is to determaine theassociation between diabetes mellitus in elderly with the incidence of MCI in Cipayung HealthCenter, Depok city. Study design was cross sectional using primary data with validated Montrealcognitive test for Indonesia MoCa Ina . Total sample of 272 elderly people age more than 60years old. cox regression analysis were applied in the research. The result of study showed theprevalence of MCI is 47,1 and elderly with DM is 17,3 . The result of multivariate analysisshowed the elderly people with diabetes mellitus probably had 2,4 risk to get MCI PR 2,43695 CI 1,191 4,983 than elderly with no diabetes after adjusted with hypertention andinteraction diabetes with hypertention variable. Screaning early detection of MCI in elderlywith diabetes mellitus is early intervention to prevent to dementia.Key words Diabetes mellitus DM , Mild Cognitive Impairment MCI , Elderly"

"BACKGROUND: type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are commonly seen in the geriatric population. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and alarm-symptoms incidence of GERD among elderly patients with T2DM in a rural area of Central Sulawesi. METHODS: this cross-sectional study was conducted from July-September 2019 in Public Health Center of Beteleme, Central Sulawesi. Patients aged ≥60 years old, newly or previously diagnosed with T2DM according to the 2019 American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria or to the 2015 Indonesian Society of Endocrinology (PERKENI) criteria, were consecutively recruited. We excluded patients being on proton-pump inhibitor or H2-receptor antagonist therapy or having a history of gastric or esophageal surgery. GERD was diagnosed in patients with the score of ≥8 based on the Indonesian version of GERD questionnaire (GERD-Q). RESULTS: among 60 elders with T2DM, 28.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 16.9-39.7) had GERD. Statistical analysis showed that GERD was significantly associated with consumption frequency of tea (p=0.019) and coffee (p=0.015). No significant relationship was found between gender (p=0.562), obesity (p=0.803), achievement of blood glucose-level control (p=0.478), duration of T2DM (p=0.304), and type of antihyperglycemic drugs (p=0.202) with GERD. Unintentional weight loss was the leading alarm symptom (47.1%; 95%CI, 23.4%-70.8%) found across the GERD group. CONCLUSION: GERD was prevalent among elderly patients with diabetes. Frequent consumption of either tea or coffee was associated with GERD. Alarm symptoms need further evaluation to screen for complications."

"[ABSTRAKLatar belakang: mengetahui hubungan antara asupan makronutrien dan gayahidup terhadap status HbA1c penyandang diabetes melitus (DM) tipe 2. Metode:penyandang DM tipe 2 dikategorikan ke dalam 2 kelompok, yaitu kontrolglikemik (KG) baik (HbA1c < 7,0) dan KG buruk (HbA1c > 7,0). Datakarakteristik dasar seperti usia, jenis kelamin, status gizi, durasi menderita DM,jenis dan jumlah obat DM yang digunakan, serta ada/ tidaknya komplikasi DMyang diderita. Asupan makronutrien terdiri dari asupan energi total harian, asupankarbohidrat, protein, lemak dan serat. Faktor gaya hidup meliputi ketaatanmengikuti diet sesuai yang direkomendasikan, aktivitas fisik, ketaatan konsumsiobat, merokok dan minum alkohol. Data-data dari kedua kelompok kemudiandihubungkan dengan status HbA1c dengan uji Chi square. Hasil penelitian: usiapenyandang DM yang lebih muda (< 55 tahun), asupan karbohidrat dan ketaatanmengikuti diet berhubungan bermakna secara statistik dengan status HbA1c (P <0,05). Rasio asupan makronutrien (karbohidrat, protein, lemak) pada kelompokKG baik adalah 47: 18: 35 dan KG buruk 51: 16: 33. Kesimpulan : Hasilpenelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa status HbA1c berhubungan bermakna denganfaktor usia, asupan karbohidrat, dan ketaatan mengikuti diet. Edukasi sebaiknyadiberikan kepada penyandang DM tipe 2 dengan KG buruk, terutama yang berusia< 55 tahun agar mengatur pola makannya sesuai dengan yang direkomendasikandengan memperhatikan jenis, jumlah, dan jadwal.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Determining the relationship between macronutrients intake and lifestylefactors and HbA1c status of diabetic type 2 patient in improving the effectiveness ofpatient?s nutrition therapy and preventing diabetes complications. Methods: Diabetictype 2 patients were categorized into 2 groups; patients with good glycemic control (GC)or HbA1c < 7.0 and patients with poor glycemic control (PC) or HbA1c > 7.0. Clinicalcharacteristics were differentiated by age, gender, body mass index (BMI), duration ofillness, type and amount of diabetic medication, and other diabetic complication.Macronutrient intake consisted of total daily calories and carbohydrate, protein, fat andfiber intakes. Lifestyle factors consisted of the adherence to dietary advice andmedication, physical activities, smoking habit, and alcohol intake. The data were be usedto determine their relationship with HbA1c status using Chi Square test. Results:Younger diabetic type 2 patients (< 55 years old), carbohydrate intake, and adherence todietary advice were identified as statistically significant variables related to HbA1c status(P <0.05). Macronutrient intake ratio (carbohydrate : protein : fat) for GC was 47 : 18 : 35and PC was 51 : 16 : 33. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that HbA1c status indiabetic type 2 patient are related to age, carbohydrate intake and adherence to dietaryadvice. Education to be provided to younger diabetic type 2 patients (<55 years old) tomaintain good dietary pattern according to medical nutrition therapy, Background: Determining the relationship between macronutrients intake and lifestylefactors and HbA1c status of diabetic type 2 patient in improving the effectiveness ofpatient’s nutrition therapy and preventing diabetes complications. Methods: Diabetictype 2 patients were categorized into 2 groups; patients with good glycemic control (GC)or HbA1c < 7.0 and patients with poor glycemic control (PC) or HbA1c > 7.0. Clinicalcharacteristics were differentiated by age, gender, body mass index (BMI), duration ofillness, type and amount of diabetic medication, and other diabetic complication.Macronutrient intake consisted of total daily calories and carbohydrate, protein, fat andfiber intakes. Lifestyle factors consisted of the adherence to dietary advice andmedication, physical activities, smoking habit, and alcohol intake. The data were be usedto determine their relationship with HbA1c status using Chi Square test. Results:Younger diabetic type 2 patients (< 55 years old), carbohydrate intake, and adherence todietary advice were identified as statistically significant variables related to HbA1c status(P <0.05). Macronutrient intake ratio (carbohydrate : protein : fat) for GC was 47 : 18 : 35and PC was 51 : 16 : 33. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that HbA1c status indiabetic type 2 patient are related to age, carbohydrate intake and adherence to dietaryadvice. Education to be provided to younger diabetic type 2 patients (<55 years old) tomaintain good dietary pattern according to medical nutrition therapy]"

"Diabetes Melitus DM penyakit kronis yang membutuhkan terapi jangka panjang dan intervensi untuk adaptasi perubahan gaya hidup dan pengobatan untuk meningkatkan target terapi. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh konseling oleh apoteker pada perbaikan kepatuhan, kadar HbA1c dan kualitas hidup pasien DM tipe 2 di RSUD Kota Depok. Penelitian dilakukan dengan desain pretest-posttest control group design pada 81 responden dengan alat ukur pill count untuk kepatuhan, pemeriksaan darah untuk kadar HbA1c dan kuesioner EQ-5D-5L untuk kualitas hidup. Karakteristik sosiodemografi dan klinis responden DM tipe 2 di RSUD Kota Depok antara kelompok uji dan kontrol tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan p>0,05 . Pasien kelompok uji menunjukkan peningkatan kepatuhan terapi, penurunan kadar HbA1c dan peningkatan kualitas hidup secara signifikan, sementara pada kelompok kontrol hanya kadar HbA1c peningkatan yang signifikan sementara kepatuhan dan kualitas hidup tidak menunjukkan perubahan yang signifikan. Kepatuhan terapi responden dipengaruhi oleh konseling apoteker secara signifikan. Kadar HbA1c responden dipengaruhi oleh kepatuhan terapi dan pola makan secara signifikan. Kualitas hidup responden berdasarkan nilai deskriptif dan nilai VAS dipengaruhi oleh kadar HbA1c secara signifikan. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan konseling oleh apoteker menyebabkan perbaikan pada kepatuhan, kadar HbA1c dan kualitas hidup responden pasien DM tipe 2 di RSUD Kota Depok.

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Diabetes Mellitus DM a chronic disease requiring long term therapy and interventions for the adaptation of lifestyle changes and medications to improve therapeutic targets. The aim of this research is to know the influence of counseling by pharmacist on improvement of adherence, HbA1c level and quality of life of DM type 2 patient in RSUD Kota Depok. The research was done by pretest posttest control group design design on 81 respondents with pill count methods for adherence, blood tests for HbA1c levels and EQ 5D 5L questionnaires for quality of life. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of DM type 2 respondents in RSUD Kota Depok between test and control group were not significantly different p 0,05 . Patients in the test group showed improved adherence to therapy, decreased HbA1c levels and improved quality of life significantly, while in the control group only HbA1c levels were a significant increase while adherence and quality of life did not show significant change. Adherence of respondents influenced by pharmacist counseling significantly. HbA1c levels of respondents is influenced by adherence of therapy and diet significantly. The quality of life of respondents based on descriptive value and VAS value influenced by HbA1c level significantly. The results of this study can be concluded by the pharmacist counseling led to improvements in adherence, HbA1c levels and quality of life of DM type 2 patients in Depok City Hospital. "

"Penyandang DMT2 memiliki beban fisik dan psikologis pada status kesehatannya setelah menyandang DMT2, yang dapat mempengaruhi pencapaian HbA1c < 7% masih belum optimal. Oleh sebab itu, salah satu keberhasilan dalam mencegah komplikasi kronik adalah pengukuran kesadaran diri status kesehatan penyandang DMT2 yang berlangsung selama seumur hidup. Status kesehatan merupakan kondisi yang menggambarkan kesehatan baik secara fisik dan mental. Sayangnya, penyandang DMT2 belum dapat menilai dirinya sendiri dan memantau status kesehatan karena belum ada instrumen yang mudah dipakai dan digunakan sebagai alat evaluasi. Instrumen tersebut diperlukan untuk mengukur status kesehatan diri agar penyandang DMT2 dapat memperluas kesadaran dirinya sehingga akan terlibat aktif dalam perawatan kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan instrument kesadaran diri status kesehatan. Penelitian dibagi menjadi tiga tahap, yaitu tahap pertama adalah pengembangan instrument; tahap kedua adalah uji validitas secara empirik; dan tahap ketiga adalah penormaan dan interpretasi instrumen. Tahap pengembangan instrumen terdiri dari validasi konstruk oleh 3 pakar, merancang instrumen, dan uji validitas isi rancangan instrumen oleh 6 pakar. Pada tahap uji validitas secara empirik, uji validitas konstruk melibatkan 602 penyandang DMT2 dengan komplikasi kronik. Hasil penelitian tahap 1 mendapatkan 100 butir pernyataan (CVI 1) mencakup 4 dimensi, yaitu kemitraan perawat, dialog, pola kesadaran diri, dan status kesehatan. Uji Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) pada tahap dua menghasilkan 77 butir pernyataan yang fit unidimensional mengukur kesadaran diri status kesehatan. Tahapan ketiga menghasilkan skala dan skor kesadaran diri yang mudah dijumlahkan oleh penyandang DMT2 dengan terdiri dari kesadaran diri rendah (0-23), kesadaran diri sedang (31-57) dan kesadaran diri tinggi (58-77).

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People with T2DM have a physical and psychological burden on their health status after having T2DM, which can affect the achievement of HbA1c < 7% is still not optimal. Therefore, one of the successes in preventing chronic complications is the measurement of self-consciousness of the health status of people with T2DM that lasts for a lifetime. Health status is a condition that describes health both physically and mentally. Unfortunately, people with T2DM have not been able to assess themselves and monitor their health status because there is no instrument that is easy to use and use as an evaluation tool. Instruments are needed to measure health status so that people with T2DM can expand their self-consciousness so that they will be actively involved in health care. This study aims to develop a self-consciousness of health status instrument. The research is divided into three stages, namely the first stage is instrument development; the second stage is empirical validity testing; and the third stage is instrument normalization and interpretation. The instrument development stage consists of construct validation by 3 experts, designing the instrument, and testing the content validity of the instrument design by 6 experts. In the empirical validity stage, the construct validity test involved 602 people with T2DM with chronic complications. The results of phase 1 research obtained 100 statement items (CVI 1) covering 4 dimensions, namely nurse partnership, dialogue, self-awareness patterns, and health status. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) test in stage two resulted in 77 unidimensional fit statement items measuring health status self-awareness. The third stage resulted in a self-awareness scale and score that is easily summarized by people with T2DM and consists of low self-awareness (0-23), moderate self-awareness (31-57), and high self-awareness (58-77)."