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"Light is one of the most important factor in plant tissue culture. The growth and development of plant in vitro are affected by light quality. This study examines the influence of different light qualities on the in vitro growth and development of oil palm shoots. Oil palm shoots were cultured in Murashige & Skoog medium under either white fluorescent lamp, white light-emitting diode (LED), red LED, blue LED, combination of red and blue LED, or in darkness. The results show that the growth and development of oil palm shoots are influenced by the light quality. Root initiation and shoot elongation were good under red light, while chlorophyll and sugar content was better produced under white and blue light than red light. In addition to white fluorescent lamp, the combination of red and blue LED resulted in higher growth parameter compared to other light treatments, but the results were not significantly different."

"An optical modulation by the use of bending effect developed from the effect of relative bending loss on optical fiber. The bending loss will decrease if the bending angle decreases. By varying the bending angle the bending loss will vary too. The modulation process obtained through this mechanism. The bending angle on optical fiber obtained from three mandrel laid on the loud-speaker; two mandrel on the frame and one on the cone of loud-speaker, while optical fiber laid between the mandrel. If current signal injected on coil loudspeaker, the coil will push the mandrel and then push optical fiber to form bending angle. The obtained 3 dB frequency response ranged from 28 Hz to 5714.3 Hz while the SNR and modulation index are 32.98 dB and 0.956 respectively. This modulator would be useable for single channel instrumentation and control links."

"This book about the cell-surface interaction, studying cell-surface interactions In vitro : a survey of experimental approaches and techniques, harnessing cell-biomaterial interactions for obsteochondral tissue regeneration, interaction of cells with decellularized biological materials, evaluation of biocompatibility using In vitro methods : interpretation and limitations, artificial scaffolds and mesenchymal stem cells for hard tissues, bioactive glass-based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering, microenvironment design for stem cell fate determination, stem cell differentiation depending on different surfaces, designing the biocompatibility of biohybrids, interaction of cartilage and ceramic matrix, and bioresorption and degradation of biomaterials."

"Latar Belakang: LCU-LED prototip metode PWM iradiansi 900 dan 1.000 mW/cm2 telah dibuat untuk mengurangi panas akibat polimerisasi dengan waktu penyinaran 10 detik. Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh iradiansi terhadap kekerasan permukaan komposit resin nano. Metode: Sampel disinar dengan LCU-LED prototip iradiansi 900 dan 1.000 mW/cm2 serta LCU-LED pembanding iradiansi 900 mW/cm2. Kekerasan permukaan diuji dengan sistem Knoop. Data dianalisis dengan One-way ANOVA dan Post-HocTest. Hasil: Kekerasan permukaan antar kelompok berbeda signifikan kecuali antara penyinaran LCU-LED prototip iradiansi 900 mW/cm2 dan LCU-LED pembanding iradiansi 900 mW/cm2. Kesimpulan: Penyinaran iradiansi 900 mW/cm2 dari LCU-LED prototip dan LCU-LED pembanding menunjukan kekerasan permukaan yang sama.

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Introduction: Prototype LCU-LED using PWM with irradiance 900 and 1,000mW/cm2 has constructed that can reduce temperature for polymerizing in ten seconds. Objectives: To analyze influence of irradiance to the hardness of nano resin composites. Methods: Samples were polymerized using the prototype with irradiance of 900 and 1,000mW/cm2 or the off-the-shelf LCU-LED (900mW/cm2) as comparison. Hardness was measured using Knoop system. Statistical analysis was conducted by One-Way ANOVA and post-hoctest. Results: There’s significant differences among the groups except those between prototype and comparison with irradiance of 900mW/cm2. Conclusions: Hardness from prototype is equal to those from comparison with irradiance of 900mW/cm2"

"An optical modulation using attenuated total reflection offers several advantages in terms of speed, aperture size, and ease of operation compared to other techniques for amplitude modulation of a collimated light beam. This study developed a simple device consists of a prism separated from a mirror reflecting surface by a small - size gap. Varying the gap thickness changes the intensity of the light reflected off by the base of the prism. This thesis devoted to a study on the coupling of a plane wave, the principle of operation and some experiments. The result leads to the realization of the simple device with a high performance."