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"Light is one of the most important factor in plant tissue culture. The growth and development of plant in vitro are affected by light quality. This study examines the influence of different light qualities on the in vitro growth and development of oil palm shoots. Oil palm shoots were cultured in Murashige & Skoog medium under either white fluorescent lamp, white light-emitting diode (LED), red LED, blue LED, combination of red and blue LED, or in darkness. The results show that the growth and development of oil palm shoots are influenced by the light quality. Root initiation and shoot elongation were good under red light, while chlorophyll and sugar content was better produced under white and blue light than red light. In addition to white fluorescent lamp, the combination of red and blue LED resulted in higher growth parameter compared to other light treatments, but the results were not significantly different."

"An optical modulation by the use of bending effect developed from the effect of relative bending loss on optical fiber. The bending loss will decrease if the bending angle decreases. By varying the bending angle the bending loss will vary too. The modulation process obtained through this mechanism. The bending angle on optical fiber obtained from three mandrel laid on the loud-speaker; two mandrel on the frame and one on the cone of loud-speaker, while optical fiber laid between the mandrel. If current signal injected on coil loudspeaker, the coil will push the mandrel and then push optical fiber to form bending angle. The obtained 3 dB frequency response ranged from 28 Hz to 5714.3 Hz while the SNR and modulation index are 32.98 dB and 0.956 respectively. This modulator would be useable for single channel instrumentation and control links."

"This book about the cell-surface interaction, studying cell-surface interactions In vitro : a survey of experimental approaches and techniques, harnessing cell-biomaterial interactions for obsteochondral tissue regeneration, interaction of cells with decellularized biological materials, evaluation of biocompatibility using In vitro methods : interpretation and limitations, artificial scaffolds and mesenchymal stem cells for hard tissues, bioactive glass-based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering, microenvironment design for stem cell fate determination, stem cell differentiation depending on different surfaces, designing the biocompatibility of biohybrids, interaction of cartilage and ceramic matrix, and bioresorption and degradation of biomaterials."

"Latar Belakang: LCU-LED prototip metode PWM iradiansi 900 dan 1.000 mW/cm2 telah dibuat untuk mengurangi panas akibat polimerisasi dengan waktu penyinaran 10 detik. Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh iradiansi terhadap kekerasan permukaan komposit resin nano. Metode: Sampel disinar dengan LCU-LED prototip iradiansi 900 dan 1.000 mW/cm2 serta LCU-LED pembanding iradiansi 900 mW/cm2. Kekerasan permukaan diuji dengan sistem Knoop. Data dianalisis dengan One-way ANOVA dan Post-HocTest. Hasil: Kekerasan permukaan antar kelompok berbeda signifikan kecuali antara penyinaran LCU-LED prototip iradiansi 900 mW/cm2 dan LCU-LED pembanding iradiansi 900 mW/cm2. Kesimpulan: Penyinaran iradiansi 900 mW/cm2 dari LCU-LED prototip dan LCU-LED pembanding menunjukan kekerasan permukaan yang sama.

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Introduction: Prototype LCU-LED using PWM with irradiance 900 and 1,000mW/cm2 has constructed that can reduce temperature for polymerizing in ten seconds. Objectives: To analyze influence of irradiance to the hardness of nano resin composites. Methods: Samples were polymerized using the prototype with irradiance of 900 and 1,000mW/cm2 or the off-the-shelf LCU-LED (900mW/cm2) as comparison. Hardness was measured using Knoop system. Statistical analysis was conducted by One-Way ANOVA and post-hoctest. Results: There’s significant differences among the groups except those between prototype and comparison with irradiance of 900mW/cm2. Conclusions: Hardness from prototype is equal to those from comparison with irradiance of 900mW/cm2"

"Latar Belakang. Penyembuhan luka kaki diabetik (LKD) memerlukan waktu yang lama sehingga risiko infeksi, amputasi, dan kematian menjadi lebih tinggi. Salah satu parameter untuk menilai penyembuhan luka adalah pertumbuhan jaringan granulasi. Kadar Vitamin D diketahui terkait dengan risiko terjadinya LKD, infeksi, dan penyembuhan luka. Namun sampai saat ini masih belum diketahui pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan jaringan granulasi LKD.Tujuan. Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kadar vitamin D serum awal perawatan dengan kecnepatan pertumbuhan jaringan granulasi luka kaki diabetik pada perawatan hari ke-21.Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan bahan tersimpan berupa serum dan dokumentasi foto LKD dari penelitian sebelumnya. Analisis kadar 25(OH)D pada sampel serum darah awal perawatan menggunakan metode Elisa. Sedangkan analisis kecepatan pertumbuhan jaringan granulasi dinilai berdasarkan hasil foto LKD pasien pada visit ke-4 dengan menggunakan program ImageJ.Hasil. Dari 52 sampel yang dianalisis, kadar 25(OH)D pada awal perawatan menunjukan nilai median = 8.8 ng/mL. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa tidak didapatkan hubungan antara kadar vitamin D dengan kecepatan pertumbuhan jaringan granulasi (p=0.815).Kesimpulan. Tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara kadar vitamin D serum awal perawatan dengan kecepatan pertumbuhan jaringan granulasi luka kaki diabetik pada perawatan hari ke-21.

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Background. Wound in diabetic foot ulcer need a long time to heal which increase risk of infection, amputataion and mortality. One of the criteria in wound healing is growth of granulation tissue. Vitamin D level is known to be related to increase incidence of diabetic foot ulcer, infection, and wound healing. But until now, the effect of vitamin D to the growth of granulation tissue is not clear.

Objective. To know the Association between initial serum vitamin D level with granulation growth rate of diabetic foot ulcer after 21 days of treatment.

Methods. This research uses stored sample in form of serum and footage documentation. It is the initial blood sample from 52 patients with DFU before starting treatment. Vitamin D is calculated with 25 (OH) D level by using ELISA. Analysis of growth in granulation tissue is counted by comparing the footage documentation at initial treatment to the 21st day of treatment with the help of ImageJ software.

Result. From 52 analysed sample, vitamin D level at initial presentation showed a median value of 8.8 ng/mL. The result of the analysis showed that there was no statistically significant association between vitamin D level with the granulation growth rate of diabetic foot ulcer (p=0,815).

Conclusion. There is no significant association between initial serum vitamin D level with granulation growth rate of diabetic foot ulcer after 21 days of treatment."