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"Digestive disorders rank among the most common problems faced in Indonesia, especially for the Baduy people in Banten Province. Although the Baduy live in water-rich areas, their lack of sanitation facilities and unawareness of methods of disease prevention have prompted high morbidity and mortality rates in their communities, largely due to digestive system disorders that they continue to treat with medicinal plants. This survey was undertaken to document Baduy indigenous medicinal plants that were used to treat and prevent different types of digestive system disorders in their communities using quantitative ethnobotanical approaches. Ethno medicinal data were collected from 30 informants regarding their knowledge on medicinal plants. Quantitative approaches were used to determine the use value and informant consensus factor values of collected data. The results revealed that the Baduy currently use 54 medicinal plant species belonging to 30 families to treat digestive system disorders. Additional research is required, however, to validate the function of the medicinal plants and identify their active compounds."

"Dana Alokasi Khusus (DAK), baik DAK fisik dan non fisik merupakan satu dari beberapa sumber pendanaan di daerah yang digunakan untuk menyelenggarakan kegiatan kesehatan. Pada Bantuan Operasional Kesehatan (BOK) yang masuk kedalam ruang lingkup DAK non fisik, terdapat menu kegiatan Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat (STBM) bagi Desa/Kelurahan prioritas. Menu ini ditujukan bagi desa/kelurahan prioritas yang bertujuan mendukung implementasi indikator Rencana Strategis Kementerian Kesehatan, yakni Desa/Kelurahan Stop Buang Air Besar Sembarangan (SBS) dan terwujudnya pilar pertama STBM (stop buang air besar sembarangan). Pelaksanaan kegiatan ini di daerah perlu dilakukan pengawasan sebagai upaya untuk memastikan kegiatan terlaksana sesuai dengan tujuannya. Sehubungan dengan belum terdapatnya sistem informasi yang dapat digunakan sebagai alat bantu pemantauan kegiatan ini, maka perlu dibuat rancangan sistem informasi pelaporan kegiatan STBM pilar 1 SBS pada desa/kelurahan prioritas bersumber dana BOK Puskesmas. Sistem informasi yang dirancang menggunakan metode System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) dengan pendekatan prototipe. Dalam sistem informasi ini akan diperoleh data terkait lokasi sasaran, akses sanitasi sebelum dan sesudah, rencana kegiatan, besaran rencana anggaran, realisasi kegiatan, besaran realisasi anggaran, kondisi STBM paska kegiatan, hingga kendala yang dialami saat melaksanakan kegiatan. Penggunaan sistem informasi ini dapat mendukung fungsi pengawasan dalam manajemen untuk memastikan kegiatan BOK STBM telah terlaksana sesuai dengan tujuannya. Selain itu, sistem informasi ini juga dapat mengefisiensikan pekerjaan serta sumber daya dalam hal pengawasan, penyusunan laporan, dan mendapatkan informasi untuk digunakan dalam perencanaan kegiatan BOK STBM pada tahun anggaran berikutnya.

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Special Allocation Funds (DAK), both physical and non-physical allocations and serve as one of the funding sources for organizing health activities in the regions. Within the Health Operational Assistance (BOK), which is include in the scope of non-physical DAK, there is a menu of Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) activities designed for priority Villages/Sub-District. This menu aims to support the implementation of the Ministry of Health's Strategic Plan indicators, specifically focusing on Villages/Sub-District Open Defecation Free (ODF) and the first pillar of CLTS, which is to stop open defecation at the designated locations. Given the absence of an information system that can serve as a monitoring tool for these activities, it becomes necessary to design an information system for reporting CLTS activities in priority villages/sub-district funded through BOK Puskesmas. The information system is designed using the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) method with a prototype approach. Within this information system, data related to the target location, sanitation accessibility before and after activity, activity plans, budget plans, activity realization, budget utilization, post-activity CLTS conditions, and any constraints encountered during the implementation will be collected. The implementation of this information system can effectively support the oversight function in management to ensure that BOK CLTS activities are carried out in accordance with their objectives. Moreover, the utilization of this information system will streamline work and resources in terms of supervision, report preparation, and information acquisition for planning CLTS BOK activities in the upcoming year."

"This study investigates the interregional district-level inequalities and the spatial associations of household access to sustainable water and sanitation in Indonesia between 2004 and 2018. The findings show that although the gap of household access to water and sanitation declined over years, the disparities among districts in Indonesia kept persisting. Related to proliferation, the access in the districts that never separated is higher than in others. Furthermore, this study also confirms the presence of spatial cluster/outlier of accesses, although it remains very weak. The majority of districts with high access are clustered in the western part of Indonesia, especially in Java island. At the same time, in the mountainous areas of Papua island and some districts in Sumatera island where forest land has been degraded into plantation and mining areas have relatively low access for years. These left-behind districts need government attention and s"

"Akses sanitasi aman merupakan hak asasi manusia dan kebutuhan dasar yang berkontribusi pada pencapaian tujuan pembangunan berkelanjutan. Namun, cakupan pengelolaan air limbah domestik di Indonesia masih rendah dan belum mencapai target yang ditetapkan dalam RPJMN. Butuh percepatan di sektor sanitasi untuk mencapai target SDGs dan RPJMN. Pemberian fasilitas PPN dapat menjadi instrumen pendorong capaian akses sanitasi karena dapat meringankan biaya layanan bagi penyedia layanan dan konsumen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis justifikasi pemberian fasilitas PPN atas akses sanitasi di Indonesia dengan kriteria merit goods dan basic goods serta menganalisis perbandingan kebijakan pemungutan pajak berbasis konsumsi atas akses sanitasi di Indonesia, Filipina, dan Malaysia. Penelitian dilakukan dengan paradigma post-positivist dengan teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan melalui studi kepustakaan dan studi lapangan serta teknik analisis data kualitatif. Batasan penelitian ini adalah akses sanitasi yang mencakup penyediaan barang modal oleh penyedia layanan, pengelolaan layanan air limbah domestik, dan komparasi kebijakan pajak berbasis konsumsi atas akses sanitasi di Filipina dan Malaysia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa akses sanitasi memenuhi karakteristik sebagai merit goods dan basic goods sehingga layak diberikan fasilitas PPN untuk mendorong eksternalitas positif akses sanitasi dan mengurangi regresivitas PPN. Indonesia membatasi pemberian fasilitas PPN tidak dipungut hanya di wilayah IKN. Filipina dan Malaysia menjadi contoh negara yang telah menerapkan kebijakan perpajakan yang progresif pada sektor sanitasi melalui pembebasan PPN atau pajak pengganti yang lebih rendah serta insentif fiskal atas barang modal dan infrastruktur. Rekomendasi penelitian ini adalah perluasan fasilitas PPN dibebaskan secara nasional untuk seluruh rantai akses sanitasi dari hulu ke hilir, termasuk barang modal, serta pembentukan regulasi dan kelembagaan nasional yang kuat untuk mendukung keberlanjutan layanan pengelolaan air limbah domestik.

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Safe sanitation access is a human right and basic necessity that contributes to the achievement of sustainable development goals. However, the coverage of domestic wastewater management in Indonesia remains low and has yet to meet the targets set in the National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN). Acceleration in the sanitation sector is needed to achieve both the SDGs and RPJMN targets. The provision of VAT facilities can serve as a policy instrument to improve sanitation access by reducing service costs for providers and consumers. This study aims to analyze the justification for granting VAT facilities for sanitation access in Indonesia using the criteria of merit goods and basic goods, and to compare consumption-based tax policies on sanitation access in Indonesia, Philippines, and Malaysia. The study adopts a post-positivist paradigm, using data collection techniques through literature review and field studies, and data analysis conducted using qualitative techniques. The scope of this research is limited to sanitation access, which includes the provision of capital goods by service providers, the management of domestic wastewater services, and a comparative analysis of consumption-based tax policies on sanitation access in Philippines and Malaysia. The analysis shows that sanitation access meets the characteristics of both merit goods and basic goods, thereby justifying the provision of VAT facilities to encourage the positive externalities of sanitation access and reduce the regressive nature of VAT. Indonesia limits the application of VAT exemptions only to the IKN area. Philippines and Malaysia serve as examples of countries that have implemented progressive tax policies in the sanitation sector through VAT exemptions or lower substitute taxes, as well as fiscal incentives for capital goods and infrastructure. This study recommends the nationwide expansion of VAT exemption for the entire sanitation access chain, from upstream to downstream including capital goods, as well as the establishment of strong national regulations and institutions to support the sustainability of domestic wastewater management services. "

"Penduduk DKI Jakarta mengandalkan air tanah sebagai sumber air utama untuk kehidupan sehari-hari. Kualitas air tanah saat ini telah berada pada kategori kritis karena telah tercemar bakteri Escherichia coli dari limbah tinja, sehingga diperlukan upaya pengelolaan lumpur tinja yang baik untuk mengatasi pencemaran air tanah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode gabungan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui minat masyarakat terhadap layanan lumpur tinja berkala, keberhasilan LLTT, bobot prioritas faktor keberlanjutan layanan lumpur tinja, dan menyusun model strategi keberlanjutan LLTT di DKI Jakarta. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 80% dari responden mengetahui program LLTT dan 65% masyarakat berminat untuk menjadi pelanggan LLTT. Faktor kepemimpinan mempunyai prioritas tertinggi dengan bobot sebesar 39% dan faktor teknologi menjadi prioritas terendah dengan bobot hanya sebesar 4,8%. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah keberlanjutan LLTT dapat dicapai jika terdapat intervensi aspek sosial budaya melalui sosialiasi kepada masyarakat dan intervensi aspek kepemimpinan dan kelembagaan melalui kebijakan penggabungan pembayaran tarif dengan PAM Jaya dan peraturan gubernur untuk mencapai cakupan layanan 75% di 2030.

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Residents of DKI Jakarta rely on groundwater as the main source of water for their daily lives. The quality of groundwater is currently in the critical category because it has been contaminated by Escherichia coli bacteria from fecal waste, so good fecal sludge management efforts are needed to overcome groundwater pollution. This study uses a quantitative approach with a combined method. The purpose of this study was to determine public interest in periodic fecal sludge services, the success of LLTT, the priority weight of fecal sludge service sustainability factors, and to develop a model of LLTT sustainability strategy in DKI Jakarta. The results showed that 80% of respondents were aware of the LLTT program and 65% of the community were interested in becoming LLTT customers. The leadership factor has the highest priority (39%) and the technology factor is the lowest priority (4.8%). Conclusion of the study is that the sustainability of LLTT can be achieved if there is an intervention in the socio-cultural aspect through socialization to the community and an intervention in the leadership and institutional aspects through the policy of combining tariff payments with PAM Jaya and the governor's regulation to achieve 75% service coverage in 2030."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Gambaran Perkembangan Program Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat STBM pada Dua Puskesmas dan Dua Desa di Kabupaten Cianjur Sampai Tahun 2018. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan pelaksanaan program setiap tahunnya mengalami peningkatan, namun sampai saat ini hasilnya masih dibawah target nasional. Permasalahan yang terjadi dalam program ini yaitu perekonomian masyarakat yang rendah serta kurangnya keinginan masyarakat untuk berubah, sumber daya manusia masih kurang, dukungan regulasi masih kurang, cetakan jamban yang belum digunakan dengan optimal, anggaran yang dirasa masih kurang, serta waktu pelaksanaan program yang terlambat.

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This study aims to find out the Description of the Development of Community Based Total Sanitation Program at Two Health Center and Two Villages in Cianjur District Until 2018. This research is a qualitative research with descriptive design. The results of the study show that the implementation of the program each year has increased, but until now the results are still below the national target. The problems that occur in this program are the low economy of the community and the lack of willingness of the community to change human resources are still lacking regulatory support is still lacking latrine molds that have not been used optimally budget that is still lacking and as well as late program implementation time."

"Female entrepreneurship involves a movement where women can empower oneself and share their values with others. This study explores a business initiative led these principles: Latifa Indonesia, a maternal wellbeing therapy business founded by a female entrepreneur named Verawati. It describes the digital marketing strategy implemented by the company and analyzes several its impacts. The research employs a qualitative case study as well as semi-structured interviews, observation, and textual documentation to collect the data required. Thematic analysis, triangulation, and member checking are used while analyzing the obtained data. The finding of this study reveals that the digital marketing strategy used by Latifa Indonesia in establishing its business is implemented through the utilization of some digital platforms such as website, Facebook, and Instagram, but that transactions occur through WhatsApp, which is considered a more user-friendly application. The use of digital platforms positively impacted the company’s development, leading to increasing numbers of both new therapists and customers, improving the company’s accessibility, growing business income, and forming partnerships with other companies. Latifa’s business data from 2021 showed that both customers and income are increasing approximately 20 percent each year since the commencement of the business’ digital marketing strategy in 2017."

"Jumlah penelitian yang melakukan observasi terhadap bagaimana otoritas moneter dan fiskal berinteraksi sudah banyak, bahkan yang dilakukan di Indonesia. Penelitian ? penelitian tersebut menemukan konsensus akan pentingnya koordinasi antara otoritas moneter dan fiskal untuk mencapai tingkat inflasi yang optimal dan pertumbuhan ekonomi serta meminimalisasi kerugian kesejahteraan secara total. Namun, belum ada penelitian yang mencari tingkat optimal dari kebijakan moneter dan fiskal dengan mempertimbangkan interaksi kedua kebijakan tersebut. Dalam model teori permainan nonkooperatif, skripsi ini menggunakan fungsi kerugian dari kebijakan moneter yang menggunakan tingkat suku bunga SBI sebagai instrumen kebijakan moneter, dan dari kebijakan fiskal yang menggunakan pengeluaran pemerintah sebagai instrumennya, sebagai imbal hasil dari masing ? masing otoritas. Secara umum, hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa tingkat suku bunga SBI dan pengeluaran pemerintah actual masih berada pada titik non ekuilibrium nash (nash equilibrium) dan non ekuilibrium pareto (pareto equilibrium). Oleh karena itu, kebijakan moneter dan fiskal yang diterapkan masih dapat diperbaiki, terutama pemerataan pengeluaran pemerintah sepanjang tahun, seperti perbaikan penyerapan anggaran pemerintah pada kuartal kedua dan menurunkannya di kuartal ketiga, serta menurunkan tingkat suku bunga SBI.

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Researches on how monetary and fiscal authority interact and should interact have been abundant, even in Indonesia. One consensus that converges from those researches is the importance of coordination between monetary and fiscal authority to have optimal inflation rate and economic growth and minimize welfare loss. What had not yet been observed is the optimal level of the monetary and fiscal policy in regards of monetary and fiscal policy interaction, which is the focus on this research paper. In non - cooperative game theory model, we used loss function of monetary policy which uses SBI rate as its instruments, and fiscal policies with government spending as its tools, as the payoff for each authority. In general, the result shows that the actual SBI rate and government expenditure yielded in non ? Nash Equilibrium and non - Pareto Equilibrium. Thus, there is much room to improve the policies, especially smoothing of government expenditure throughout the year, i.e. improving the government expenditure absorption in the second quarter and moderating it in the third and fourth quarter, and lowering the SBI rates."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kebijakan fiskal dan moneter yang diproyeksikan oleh variabel penerimaan/pendapatan negara, pengeluaran pemerintah/belanja negara, tingkat inflasi dan tingkat suku bunga terhadap tingkat pengembalian saham di Indonesia yang diproyeksikan melalui return atau pengembalian IHSG. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder yang diambil dari berbagai sumber dalam bentuk data bulanan dalam kurun waktu 2015 s.d. 2019. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah regresi linear berganda untuk melihat pengaruh semua variabel independen terhadap variabel dependen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, variabel kebijakan fiskal berupa pendapatan negara, pengeluaran pemerintah, inflasi dan suku bunga secara bersama-sama dapat menjelaskan tingkat pengembalian saham di Indonesia periode 2015 s.d. 2019. Selanjutnya dalam uji pengaruh secara parsial, pendapatan negara dan suku bunga berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap tingkat pengembalian saham. Temuan lainnya adalah, bahwa pengeluaran pemerintah dan inflasi secara parsial tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat pengembalian saham. Mempertimbangkan keterbatasan dari penelitian ini, penelitian selanjutnya perlu menyempurnakan metode analisis dan mengeksplorasi variabel lain yang dapat mempengaruhi tingkat pengembalian saham di Indonesia.

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This study aims to analyze the effect of fiscal and monetary policies projected by variables of state revenue income, government spending, inflation rates, and interest rates on the projected rate of return on stocks in Indonesia through returns or returns on the JCI. The data used is secondary data taken from various source in the form of monthly data from 2015 to 2019. The analytical method used in this study is multiple regression analysis to see the effect of all the independent variables on the dependent variable. The results of the study show that the variables of fiscal policy in the form of state income, government spending, inflation, and interest rates together can explain the rate of return on stocks in Indonesia in the period from 2015 to 2019. Furthermore, in a partial effect test, state income and interest rates have a negative and significant effect on stock expenses. Another finding is that government spending and inflation partially have no significant effect on stock returns. Considering the limitations of this study, further research is needed to improve the method of analysis and explore other variables that can affect stock returns in Indonesia."