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"The early history of nautical technology in the western Indian Ocean and adjoining parts of the eastern Africa coast is poorly understood. In the absence of evidence from shipwrecks, it has hitherto been based largely on the uncertain interpretation of a few documentary references and speculation surrounding technological parallels and assumed lexical resemblances. This paper examines some of the linguistic evidence in a more rigorous way, by undertaking a cross-dialectal comparison of names for watercraft and terms for outriggers in Swahili (Kiswahili), a Bantu language spoken on the islands and in scattered communities along the western seaboard of the Indian Ocean. The resulting analysis provides a new outline of the development of Swahili nautical technology and maritime culture, highlighting the key role played by particular boat forms, and the relative importance of indigenous innovation and different external influences, including the elusive impacts of Austronesian seafaring."

"Penelitian ini membahas mengenai akta jual beli berdasarkan perjanjian pengikatan jual beli dan kuasa untuk menjual yang mengandung cacat hukum. Notaris berwenang untuk membuat akta otentik berupa akta perjanjian pengikatan jual beli dan kuasa untuk menjual sesuai dengan peraturan yang berlaku. Namun dalam pelaksanaannya, Notaris melakukan perbuatan yang oleh pengadilan diputuskan telah melakukan Perbuatan Melawan Hukum dan akta yang dibuatnya dinyatakan cacat hukum. Sehingga dalam hal ini membuat pihak yang dirugikan yaitu pemilik tanah mengajukan gugatan ke Pengadilan, dan Notaris sebagai pejabat umum harus mempertanggungjawabkan perbuatannya. Adapun permasalahan yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah mengenai perlindungan hukum pemilik tanah dan pertanggungjawaban Notaris terhadap akta yang dibuatnya yang dinyatakan cacat hukum. Untuk menjawab permasalahan tersebut digunakan penelitian hukum dengan menggunakan bentuk penelitian yuridis-normatif dan tipe penelitian deskriptif. Adapun hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa pemilik tanah berhak mendapatkan perlindungan hukum terkait tanah yang dimiliknya berupa kepemilikan kembali, dan akta-akta yang pernah dibuat oleh Notaris terkait tanah tersebut menjadi cacat hukum dan batal demi hukum. Kemudian, Notaris yang membuat akta tersebut bertanggungjawab akan akta yang dibuatnya dan dapat dimintai pertanggungjawaban perdata berupa penggantian biaya, rugi, dan bunga yang berbentuk materiil (uang) dan pertanggungjawaban administratif berupa pemecatan sementara sesuai dengan peraturan pada Pasal 85 UUJN dan Kode Etik Notaris. Untuk itu, masyarakat khususnya yang memiliki tanah hendaknya selalu berhati-hati dan juga selalu teliti dalam membuat perjanjian, serta sebagai pejabat umum, Notaris harus selalu mengemban tugas dan amanahnya dengan baik.

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This study discusses the sale and purchase deed based on the binding purchase agreement and power of attorney to sell that contains legal defects. The notary is authorized to make an authentic deed in the form of a binding purchase agreement and sales authorization agreement in accordance with applicable regulations. However, in its implementation, the Notary commit acts which the court has decided to have committed against the law and the deed he made was declared legally flawed. So that in this case makes the injured party that is the land owner file a lawsuit to the Court, and the Notary as a public official must be held accountable for his actions. The issues raised in this study are regarding the legal protection of landowners and the responsibility of a Notary to the deed he made which is declared legally flawed. To answer these problems legal research is used by using juridical-normative research forms and descriptive research types. The results obtained from this research are that the land owner has the right to get legal protection related to the land he owns, and the deeds that have been made by the Notary regarding the land have become legally flawed and null and void. Then, the Notary who makes the deed is responsible for the deed he made and can be asked for civil liability in the form of reimbursement of costs, losses and interest in the form of material (money) and administrative liability in the form of temporary dismissal in accordance with the provisions in Article 85 of the Law and Notary Ethics. For this reason, the community especially those who own land should always be careful and always conscientious in making agreements, and as a public official, the Notary must always carry out his duties and mandates properly."

""This book brings together an existing array of research on Theory U, including specific aspects of the theory, through diverse interpretations and contexts while exploring key theoretical concepts and outlining current approaches and blind spots"--"