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"Perairan utara Papua berada pada lokasi yang strategis, dimana merupakan posisi salah satu pintu masuk arus lintas Indonesia (arlindo) yang merupakan bagian dari siklus oseanografi global. Sedimen laut dapat memberikan data mengenai keadaan lingkungan sekitarnya yang relatif lengkap dan tidak terganggu hingga jutaan tahun. Bukti perubahan lingkungan yang terekam pada sedimen laut berdasarkan karakteristik sedimen dan kandungan foraminifera pada periode transisi Pleistosen dan Holosen juga masih belum banyak dipelajari. Periode transisi Pleistosen-Holosen dapat menimbulkan dampak perubahan lingkungan yang dapat diteliti perbedaan akibat perubahan iklim tersebut. Kondisi tersebut dapat menimbulkan dampak perubahan lingkungan, paleogeografi, dan sumber daya alam yang signifikan. Variasi kelimpahan dan kumpulan foraminifera sendiri merupakan respons adaptif dari foraminifera terhadap perubahan lingkungan dengan habitatnya. Sedimen yang terdapat pada perairan Utara hingga Barat Jayapura ini kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode Analisis Foraminifera, XRF, Granulometri dan LOI. Berdasarkan hasil kurva dari keempat metode yang dilakukan, dicurigai batas antara Kala Pleistosen dan Holosen berada di kedalaman 61 cm. Hasil tersebut yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi perbedaan komposisi foraminifera dan karakteristik sedimen akibat perubahan iklim yang terjadi.

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The waters of northern Papua are in a strategic location, which is the position of one of the entrances to the Indonesian cross flow (arlindo) which is part of the global oceanographic cycle. Marine sediments can provide data about the condition of the surrounding environment that is relatively complete and undisturbed for millions of years. Evidence of environmental changes recorded in marine sediments based on sediment characteristics and foraminifera content during the Pleistocene and Holocene transition periods has also not been widely studied. The Pleistocene - Holocene transition period can cause the impact of environmental changes which can be studied for differences due to climate change. These conditions can result in significant changes in the environment, paleogeography and natural resources. Variations in the abundance and collection of foraminifera themselves are an adaptive response of foraminifera to environmental changes in their habitat. The sediment found in the waters north to west of Jayapura was then analyzed using Foraminifera Analysis, XRF, Granulometry and LOI methods. Based on the curve results from the four methods used, it is suspected that the boundary between the Pleistocene and Holocene times is at a depth of 61 cm. These results are used to identify differences in foraminifera composition and sediment characteristics due to climate change."

"ABSTRACThis study explores prehistoric human subsistence adaptations within the context of changing marine and terrestrial environments on the tiny Island of Kisar, beginning during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition around 15,000 years ago (ka). We use zooarchaeological data on faunal remains (vertebrates and invertebrates) recovered from Here Sorot Entapa rockshelter (HSE) in temporal relationship to climate data from Flores to document prehistoric human responses to regional sea-level, temperature, and associated habitat changes that occurred after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Human settlement intensity peaked during the colder drier conditions of the Bolling-Allerod period at 14.4-13 ka, and the site was abandoned during a period of unstable sea levels and coastal habitats between 9.4-5 ka. Holocene climate change coincides with increased reefal subsistence, and an increase in crab exploitation over sea urchin use. Rodent abundance increases in the early Holocene, possibly in response to expanding forests during warmer wetter conditions, with a significant increase in the late Holocene as a result of the human introduction of exotic species to the island."

"Penelitian foraminifera bentik telah dilakukan tanggal 19 November - 3 Desember 1995 di Delta Solo dan Porong Jawa Timur untuk mengetahui distribusi dan kelimpahan foraminifera bentik dan untuk mengetahui foraminifera aglutinin di Delta Solo dan Porong. Untuk itu telah diambil sampel sedimen dengan menggunakan Van Veen grab di 15 stasiun pada masing-masing delta, kemudian dianalisis di laboratorium.Untuk mengetahui keterkaitan antara komunitas foraminifera bentik dan beberapa faktor lingkungan yang berpengaruh dalam kehidupan biota ini, maka dilakukan juga pengukuran terhadap sifat fisik perairan seperti kedalaman , salinitas, PH dan turbiditas. Hasil analisa laboratorium kemudian dibagi ke dalam 3 kategori yaitu melimpah, umum dan jarang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi dan kelimpahan foraminifera bentik dan untuk mengetahui foraminifera aglutinin di Delta Solo dan Porong.Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat 53 spesies foraminifera bentik dengan jumlah individu 7288 yang termasuk dalam 10 famili di Delta Solo dan 37 spesies dengan jumlah individu 6223 yang termasuk dalam 9 famili di Delta Porong. Seluruh spesies yang dijumpai di dua delta tersebut termasuk dalam subordo Rotaliina, 1VIilioliina dan Textulariina. Spesies yang melimpah di Delta Solo adalah Ammonia beccarii dan Asterorotala trispinosa yang dijumpai di semua stasion penelitian. Terdapat 35 spesies yang termasuk kategori umum dan 16 species pada kategori jarang. Di Delta Porong dijumpai 6 spesies dalam kategori melimpah yaitu Ammonia beccarii, Asterorotalia trispinosa, Ammobcculites agglutinans, Haplophragmoides canariensis, Textularia pseudogramen dan Trochammina amnicola. Sedangkan spesies yang umum 16 species dan 15 species yang tergolong jarang.Sebaran dan kelimpahan foraminifera bentik di Delta Solo dan Porong dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor lingkungan terutama jenis substrat, pH dan turbiditas. Hasil pengamatan terhadap foraminifera aglutinin menunjukkan keadaan sebaliknya dan hasil foraminifera bentik secara umum, yaitu Delta Porong lebih kaya akan species dibandingkan dengan Delta Solo. Di Delta Solo di jumpai 5 species yang hanya dijumpai di II stasiun, sedangkan di Delta Porong dijumpai 6 jenis yang dijumpai di semua stasiun penelitian. Hal ini kemungkinan besar dipengaruhi oleh kondisi lingkungan perairan dan keadaan delta tersebut.

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Solo and Porong Deltas, located in East Java, have different morphological forms. The differences in morphological forms are due to the variation in the sediment types. Solo River which flows from Mount Lawu and Mount Merapi in Central Java supplies a large number of sediment to Solo Delta. The type of sediment of Solo Delta is dominated by clay, silt and fine sand. Porong River receives water from Brantas River which originates from Mount Semeru and Mount Arjuno. The type of sediment of Porong Delta is dominated by sand. Benthic foraminiferans, which live and grow at the bottom of the sediment, are sensitive to environmental changes. Distribution and abundance of benthic foraminifera depend on some environmental factors, and that various ecological factors influence each other.From 15 stations observed in Solo Delta and 15 stations in Porong Delta there was a difference either in the species number or in the number of individuals found. The species are belong to 3 subordos, i.e Rotaliina, Milioliina and Textulariina. The main difference between the two deltas was the abundance of species. The number of species found in Solo Delta were 53 and the number of individuals were 7288, while in Porong there were 37 spesies with 6223 individuals. The predominant species found in almost all stations in two deltas were Ammonia beccarii and Aslerorotalia trispinosa.In Solo Delta the common species found were Ammonia umbonata, Amphistegina lessonii, Bucella frigida, Elphidium crispum, E. craticulatum, E. advenum, E. lessonii, Calcarina calcar,Chrysalidinella dimorpha, Quinqueloculina sp, Q.semirrulum, Q. intricata, Nonion sp, Nonion depressulum, Triloculina trio ata, Reuse/la simplex, Pseudorotalia schroeteriana, Spiroloculina communis, Ammobaculites agglutinans, Textularia pseudogramen. The less common species found were Buliminella elegantissima, B. basicostata, Cymbaloporetta squwnmosa, Cibicides lobatum, Hauerina braayi, Heterostegina depressa, Lagena laevis, Lagena grad/lima, Loxostomum lobatum, L. limbatum, Massilina milled, Operculina ammonoides, Triloculina trigonula, Ammotium cassis, Haplophragmoides canariensis and Textularia sagittula.In Porong Delta, besides Ammonia beccarii and Asterorotalia trispinosa other species which were found abundant in almost all of the stations were Ammobaculites agglutinans, Haplophragmoides canariensis, Textularia pseudogramen and Trochammina amnicola. The latest species are agglutinated foraminifera which live well at the sandy sediment dominating Porong Delta.The common species were Adelosina semistriata, Ammotium cassis, Elphidium advenum, E craticulatum, E. lessonii, Pseudorotalia shroeteriana, Heterostegina depressa, Flintina bradyana, Operculina ammonoides, Quinqueloculina seminulum, Q. lamarchiana, Nonion sp, Reusella simplex, Triloculina tricarinata, spiroloculina commis, Textularia sagittula. The rare species found were Amphistegina lessonii, Calcarina calcar, Cibicides praecinctus, Crysalidinella dimorpha, Loxoslomum lobatum, L. limbatum, Miliolinella subrotunda, M sublineata, Nonion depressulum, N. cf asterizans, Qrbitolites duplex, Quinqueloculina cultrata, Q. venusta, Q. granulocostata, Triloculina trigonula.The range of salinity in Solo Delta was 15 - 32 %o and in Porong Delta was 10 - 30 %o. Previous researchers showed that foraminiferan species adapt and produce well at salinity between 15 - 40 %o. That means that the salinity in Solo Delta is probably more suitable for foraminifera than in Porong Delta. The everage pH in Solo Delta was 7,86 while in Porong Delta was 8,20. According to some researchers, foraminiferans were found abundant in lower pH. Turbidity in Solo Delta was between 33,0 - 87,5 NTU, while in Porong Delta areas was between 37,8 - 200 NTIJ. That means that the water in Solo Delta was clearer than in Porong Delta. Water clearance influences penetration of sunlight , and results in decreasing photosynthesis activities of plankton which leads to food deficiency. According to previous researchers the population of some foraminiferans decreases at zones with high turbidity. Those above factors might influence the distribution and abundance of the benthic foraminifera, of both deltas.The study of aglutinated foraminiferan was done simultaneously with the study of distribution and abundance of benthic foraminiferans in Solo and Porong Delta. From 15 stations studied in each delta 5 species were found in Solo Delta and 6 species were found in Porong Delta. All species belongs to 3 families, namely Lituoliidae, Textulariidae and Trochanuniniidae. The 5 species found in Solo Delta were Ammobaculites agglutinans, Ammotium cassis, Haplophragmoides carurriensis, Textularia pseudogramen and T. sagittula. In Porong Delta, besides those 5 species, another species, i.e. Throcarnmrna amnicola, was also found.In general, Porong Delta is richer than Solo Delta in number of species and number of individuals of species. This might be due to the differences in types of sediment and water conditions of both deltas."

"Adanya fenomena perubahan iklim yang terjadi saat ini membawa dampak yang cukup nyata terhadap kehidupan manusia sehari-hari. Dampak yang ditimbulkan cukup serius sehingga banyak kerugian yang harus ditanggung. Salah satu dampak yang cukup berpengaruh membuat kondisi fisik dan lingkungan manusia semakin terancam adalah adanya degradasi lahan, erosi, tanah longsor dan lahan tidak produktif lahan kritis. Dari beberapa contoh dampak yang diakibatkan oleh perubahan iklim, lahan kritis di DAS Citarik menjadi salah satu akibat nyata yang ditimbulkan. Varibel yang digunakan adalah data curah hujan per stasiun selama periode 31 tahun 1986 ndash; 2016 yang berada di wilayah DAS Citarik. Penilaian keterpaparan curah hujan menggunakan parameter frekuensi curah hujan lebat 50-100 mm/hari, curah hujan sangat lebat > 100 mm/hari, jumlah rata-rata curah hujan musim hujan, dan jumlah rata-rata dasarian curah hujan per stasiun pengamat curah hujan. Analisis yang dihasilkan bahwa wilayah bagian selatan dari DAS Citarik yang terpapar tinggi khususnya di Kecamatan Cikancung, Paseh, Cicalengka, Nagreg, Solokan Jeruk dan Majalaya. Hal ini diperkuat karena didaerah tersebut memiliki ketinggian dan kemiringan lereng yang cukup curam dan berada di ketinggian 1200-1400 mdpl hingga lebih dari 1400 mdpl serta tingkat kecenderungan curah hujan yang bertambah signifikan di daerah tersebut. Nilai produktivitas pertanian di DAS Citarik cenderung rendah di wilayah lahan kritis dengan tingkat keterpaparan perubahan iklim tinggi. Sedangkan, produktivitas pertanian cenderung tinggi di wilayah lahan tidak kritis dengan tingkat keterpaparan sedang.

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The existence of climate change phenomenon bring a real impact on human life everyday. The impact is serious enough so many losses to be borne. One of the most influential impacts to make the physical and human condition more threatened is land degradation, erosion, landslide and unproductive land critical land. From some examples of the impacts of climate change, critical land in the Citarik watershed becomes one of the real effects. The variables used are the rainfall data per station during the 31 years period 1986 2016 located in the Citarik watershed area. The assessment of rainfall exposure uses the frequency parameters of heavy rainfall 50 100 mm day, very heavy rainfall 100 mm day, average rainfall amount of rainy season, and average rainfall decade amount of rainy season per station observer of rainfall.

The analysis resulted that the southern part of the Citarik watershed was exposed particularly in Cikancung, Paseh, Cicalengka, Nagreg, Solokan Jeruk and Majalaya sub districts. This is reinforced because the area has a height and slope of a fairly steep slope and at an altitude of 1200 1400 mdpl up to more than 1400 mdpl and the level of rainfall tendency is increased significantly in the area. The value of agricultural productivity in the Citarik watershed tends to be low in critical land areas with high levels of climate change exposure. Meanwhile, agricultural productivity tends to be high in non critical land areas with moderate exposure levels."

"Perubahan iklim berdampak terhadap sektor kelautan. Dampak yang nyata adalah tinggi gelombang laut dan perubahan musim barat dan musim timur sehingga berdampak terhadap hasil tangkapan ikan nelayan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mendapatkan gambaran tentang pola sensitivitas wilayah konsentrasi nelayan di pantai utara Jawa bagian barat dan bagian tengah terhadap kejadian gelombang laut tinggi serta kaitannya dengan jumlah hasil tangkapan ikan dan mengetahui secara spasial maupun temporal frekuensi tinggi gelombang laut lebih dari 2,0 m (gelombang berbahaya bagi nelayan) masing-masing bulan selama periode tahun 2010 - 2015. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Analitical Hierarchy Process (AHP) dan teknik overlay peta. Tingkat sensitivitas per kabupaten didapatkan dari analisis skoring dan overlay peta tiap variabel. Hasil penelitian, sensitivitas wilayah konsentrasi nelayan di pantai utara Jawa bagian barat dan tengah terhadap perubahan iklim menunjukan pola keruangan semakin ke arah tengah cenderung semakin rendah. Wilayah sensitivitas tinggi berada di Kabupaten Cirebon, Kabupaten Indramayu, Kabupaten Karawang, Kabupaten Bekasi, dan Kabupaten Jepara. Sensitivitas sedang berada di Kota Cirebon, Kabupaten Brebes dan Kabupaten Batang. Sedangkan sensitivitas rendah berada di Kota Tegal, Kabupaten Subang dan Kabupaten Pati. Wilayah yang tergolong memiliki sensitivitas tinggi cenderung mengalami penurunan jumlah produksi tangkapan ikan.

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Climate change afflicted the marine sector. The presence impacts are the rising ocean wave height and the shifted drought and rainy season, giving impacts to the fishing catches. The study aims to acquire spatial pattern of region sensitivity of fisherman concentration in west and central segment of north java coast to the rising ocean wave and its correlation with the fishing catches and understand the monthly wave height frequency more than 2 m (dangerous wave height to the fishermen) spatially and temporarily in 2010-2015. Methods used on this research are Analitical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and overlay method. Municipal sensitivity obtained through scoring analysis and map overlay for each variables.

The results showed that, the place sensitivity level of fisherman concentration tends to be lower in central ward of the west and central segment of north java coast. Regions with high sensitivity are Cirebon municipality, Indramayu municipality, Bekasi municipality, Karawang municipality, and Jepara municipality. Whereas the Regions with mid-level sensitivity are Batang municipality, Brebes municipality, and Cirebon. The Regions with low sensitivity are Pati municipality, Subang municipality, and Tegal. The research showed that Climate change affected the fishermen activity, and the Regions with high sensitivity level tend to have lower fishing catches."

"Hingga saat ini terjadinya perubahan iklim beserta dampaknya sudah mulai dirasakan hampir di seluruh dunia, termasuk juga di Indonesia. Perubahan iklim memiliki dampak yang penting dalam produksi tanaman teh. Tanaman teh sangat bergantung pada distribusi curah hujan dan suhu udara yang baik. Perubahan iklim akan menyebabkan kerentanan pada perkebunan teh sehingga perlu untuk memetakan kerentanan perkebunan teh terhadap perubahan iklim di wilayah Puncak Gunung Gede Pangrango. Penilaian kerentanan dilihat dari tiga aspek yaitu keterpaparan, sensitivitas dan kapasitas adaptasi.Pemetaan kerentanan dilakukan menggunakan analisis spasial dengan teknik skoring yang dipadukan dengan metode AHP dan weighted sum, sehingga diperoleh hasil yang menunjukan bahwa sebagian besar (sekitar 80 persen) area perkebunan teh di wilayah Puncak memiliki kerentanan wilayah terhadap perubahan iklim dalam kategori sedang. Perkebunan teh yang paling rentan (kerentanan tinggi) adalah perkebunan teh Gunung Mas yang disebabkan oleh tingginya dampak potensial dan rendahnya kapasitas adaptasi yang dimiliki, sebagian besar lahan perkebunan teh yang sangat rentan terhadap perubahan iklim berada di sebelah utara puncak Gunung Gede Pangrango.

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Until now, climate change and its impacts are already being felt almost all over the world, including in Indonesia. Climate change has a significant impact in the production of tea plants. Plants are highly dependent on the distribution of rainfall and air temperature. Climate change will lead to vulnerabilities in the tea plantation so it is necessary to map the vulnerability to climate change of tea plantations in the Peak region. Vulnerability assessment viewed from three aspects: exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity.

Vulnerability mapping using spatial analysis by scoring technique combined with the AHP and the weighted sum method, so that the obtained results show that the majority (approximately 80 percent) in the tea plantation area of the Peak has areas of vulnerability to climate change in the medium category. Tea plantations are most vulnerable (high vulnerability) is Gunung Mas tea plantation is due to high potential impact and low adaptive capacity owned, tea plantations mostly highly vulnerable to climate change are in the north peak of Gede Pangrango Mountain."