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"Penelitian ini bertujuan menggambarkan dinamika kehidupan kelompok waria di Jakarta selama periode tahun 1968-1982. Latar belakang penelitian muncul dari kemunculan kelompok LGBT dalam festival Citayam Fashion Week di Jakarta pada tahun 2022. Fokus penelitian adalah perubahan kebijakan pemerintah kota Jakarta dan implikasinya terhadap kondisi kehidupan waria di Jakarta. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah, melibatkan tahapan heuristik, verifikasi, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Sumber primer, seperti koran dan majalah sezaman, ditemukan di Perpustakaan Nasional, sementara sumber sekunder berupa buku dan artikel jurnal ilmiah berasal dari Perpustakaan Jalan Merdeka Selatan, Jstor, dan beberapa website resmi lainnya. Hasil penelitian menggambarkan perbedaan sikap dan kebijakan antara masa kepemimpinan Ali Sadikin (1966-1977) dan Tjokropranolo (1977-1982) sebagai Gubernur DKI Jakarta. Ali Sadikin menunjukkan sikap terbuka, mengakui eksistensi kelompok waria, dan menciptakan masa keemasan bagi mereka. Sebaliknya, Tjokropranolo mengambil pendekatan yang bersifat sosio-religius, dimana hal tersebut ditunjukan dengan peningkatan razia terhadap waria. Kesimpulan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan kebijakan pemerintah kota Jakarta memiliki dampak signifikan pada kehidupan kelompok waria. Ali Sadikin mengintegrasikan mereka dalam masyarakat modern, sementara kepemimpinan Tjokropranolo menunjukan adanya pengabaian dan tekanan sosial, menyebabkan sebagian waria meninggalkan Jakarta.

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This research aims to elucidate the dynamics of the transgender community (waria) in Jakarta during the period of 1968-1982. The research background stems from the emergence of the LGBT community in the Citayam Fashion Week festival in Jakarta in 2022. The study focuses on the shifts in Jakarta's municipal government policies and their implications on the living conditions of the waria community. The research methodology employed is historical, encompassing heuristic, verification, interpretation, and historiography stages. Primary sources, such as contemporary newspapers and magazines, were found at the National Library, while secondary sources, including books and scholarly journal articles, were obtained from the Jalan Merdeka Selatan Library, Jstor, and various official websites. The findings illustrate differences in attitude and policies between the tenures of Ali Sadikin (1966-1977) and Tjokropranolo (1977-1982) as the Governors of Jakarta. Ali Sadikin demonstrated an open-minded approach, acknowledging the existence of the waria community and fostering a golden period for them. On the other hand, Tjokropranolo took a socio-religious approach, which was demonstrated by the increase in raids on transgender people. The research concludes that changes in Jakarta's municipal government policies significantly impacted the lives of the waria community. Ali Sadikin facilitated their integration into modern society, while Tjokropranolo's leadership led to neglect and social pressure, prompting some waria individuals to leave Jakarta.

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"Buku “Sejarah Waria Yogyakarta: Kisah Ketahanan Komunitas Terpinggir” karya Masthuriyah Sa’dan adalah sebuah karya yang membuka mata dan hati tentang perjalanan panjang komunitas waria di Yogyakarta. Ditulis dengan gaya yang sederhana namun penuh makna, buku ini menggambarkan perjuangan komunitas waria dalam menghadapi stigma, diskriminasi, dan tantangan hidup, namun tetap mampu bertahan dengan solidaritas dan kekuatan yang luar biasa."

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 Latar Belakang :  Karsinoma sel skuamosa rongga mulut (KSSRM) memiliki insidensi yang cukup tinggi di Indonesia.  KSSRM memiliki faktor risiko yang sangat beragam, di antaranya konsumsi produk tembakau, kebiasaan minum minuman beralkohol, konsumsi areca nut, faktor genetik, lokasi tumor, jenis kelamin, dan usia. Biopsi dan pemeriksaan histopatologis dengan pewarnaan hematoxylin-eosin  masih menjadi gold standard dalam diagnosis definitif KSSRM. Derajat diferensiasi KSSRM umum digunakan sebagai kriteria untuk mengklasifikasi keparahan jaringan kanker. Namun, diperlukan gambaran histopatologis lain yang dapat digunakan untuk menentukan derajat diferensiasi KSSRM. Pleomorfisme nuklear mengacu pada variasi ukuran dan bentuk inti sel. Peningkatan pleomorfisme nuklear telah diasosiasikan dengan peningkatan keganasan dan metastasis kanker. Jumlah mitosis atau jumlah sel yang sedang mengalami pembelahan, telah dihubungkan dengan keganasan, prognosis yang buruk, dan metastasis pada KSSRM. Infiltrasi limfoplasmasitik didefinisikan sebagai fenomena invasi sel-sel inflamasi seperti limfosit dan plasma pada daerah peritumoral sebagai respons imun tubuh terhadap sel kanker. Penurunan infiltrasi limfoplasmasitik telah diamati memiliki hubungan dengan terjadinya metastasis nodus limfa, rekurensi, dan prognosis yang buruk. Analisis hubungan derajat pleomorfisme nuklear, jumlah mitosis, dan tingkat infiltrasi limfoplasmasitik perlu dilakukan untuk menyusun strategi perawatan yang lebih komprehensif sesuai dengan karakteristik derajat pleomorfisme nuklear, jumlah mitosis, dan tingkat infiltrasi limfoplasmasitik pasien. Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat keparahan KSSRM berdasarkan derajat pleomorfisme nuklear, jumlah mitosis, dan tingkat infiltrasi limfoplasmasitiknya. Metode : Penelitian deskriptif analitik menggunakan sampel jaringan KSSRM yang diberi pewarnaan hematoxylin-eosin. Sampel tersebut diamati menggunakan mikroskop cahaya. Hasil : Derajat pleomorfisme nuklear dan jumlah mitosis memiliki hubungan yang bermakna (p<0,05) dengan derajat diferensiasi KSSRM. Hasil yang berkorelasi positif terhadap derajat diferensiasi KSSRM juga teramati pada derajat pleomorfisme nuklear (r=0,584) dan jumlah mitosis (r=0,675). Belum ditemukan hubungan bermakna (p>0,05) antara tingkat infiltrasi limfoplasmasitik dan derajat diferensiasi KSSRM. Belum ditemukan pula hubungan yang bermakna antara lokasi tumor, jenis kelamin, dan usia terhadap derajat diferensiasi KSSRM. Kesimpulan : Ditemukan hubungan antara derajat pleomorfisme nuklear dan jumlah mitosis terhadap derajat diferensiasi KSSRM. Sehingga, makin tingginya derajat pleomorfisme nuklear dan jumlah mitosis akan memperburuk derajat diferensiasi KSSRM. Namun, belum ditemukan hubungan antara tingkat infiltrasi limfoplasmasitik dengan derajat diferensiasi KSSRM. Hubungan bermakna juga belum ditemukan antara lokasi tumor, jenis kelamin, dan usia terhadap derajat diferensiasi KSSRM.

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Indonesia. OSCC has various risk factors, including tobacco use, alcohol consumption, areca nut use, genetic factor, tumor location, gender, and age. Biopsy and histopathological examination with hematoxylin-eosin staining remain the gold standard for diagnosing OSCC. Thus, the histopathological evaluation of OSCC is critical for determining prognosis and appropriate management. The degree of differentiation of OSCC is commonly used as a criterion for classifying the severity of cancer tissue. However, other histopathological features are needed to determine the degree of differentiation in OSCC. Nuclear pleomorphism refers to variations in the size and shape of cell nuclei. Increased nuclear pleomorphism has been associated with higher malignancy and cancer metastasis. The number of mitoses, reflecting the number of cells undergoing division, has been linked to malignancy, poor prognosis, and metastasis in OSCC cases. Lymphoplasmacytic infiltration is defined as invasion by inflammatory cells such as lymphocytes and plasma cells as part of the body's immune response to cancer cells. A decrease in lymphoplasmacytic infiltration has been observed to correlate with lymph node metastasis, recurrence, and poor prognosis. Analyzing the relationship between the degree of nuclear pleomorphism, the number of mitosis, and the level of lymphoplasmacytic infiltration is necessary to develop more comprehensive treatment strategies tailored to the characteristics of nuclear pleomorphism, mitotic count, and lymphoplasmacytic infiltration in OSCC patients. Objective: This study aims to analyze the severity of OSCC based on the degree of nuclear pleomorphism, number of mitosis, and the level of lymphoplasmacytic infiltration. Methods: A descriptive-analytical study was conducted using OSCC tissue samples stained with hematoxylin-eosin. These samples were observed under a light microscope. Results: The degree of nuclear pleomorphism and mitotic count showed a significant relationship (p<0.05) with the OSCC degree of differentiation. Positive correlations for nuclear pleomorphism (r=0.584) and mitotic count (r=0.675) with OSCC degree of differentiation. No significant relationship was found (p>0,05) between the level of lymphoplasmacytic infiltration and the OSCC degree of differentiation. Additionally, no significant associations were found between tumor location, gender, and age with the OSCC degree of differentiation. Conclusion: An association was found between the degree of nuclear pleomorphism and number of mitosis with the OSCC degree of differentiation. Thus, higher degree of nuclear pleomorphism and number of mitosis worsen the OSCC degree of differentiation. However, no significant relationship was observed between the level of lymphoplasmacytic infiltration and the OSCC degree of differentiation. Similarly, no significant associations were found between tumor location, gender, and age with the OSCC degree of differentiation.

 

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"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini mempelajari bagaimana calabai, istilah Bugis untuk waria atautransgender woman, menegosiasikan subjektivitas gendernya agar dapatmemperoleh posisi dalam masyarakat Bugis masa kini. Eksistensi dan perancalabai telah diakui dalam tradisi Bugis selama beratus tahun. Perubahan sistemsosial dalam masyarakat Bugis, terutama masuknya Islam dengan sistem seks/gender yang dikotomis, pendidikan modern dan berubahnya sistem politikmembawa perubahan mendasar dalam konteks hidup calabai. Sebagian calabaibertahan pada peran tradisionalnya, sedangkan lainnya memasuki peran nontradisionaldalam konteks sosial dengan sistem gender yang lebih dikotomis.Penelitian kualitatif ini mempelajari kehidupan 12 calabai dalam beragam peran.Dengan mengadopsi sudut pandang Michel Foucault mengenai sistem kuasa,Judith Butler tentang performativitas gender, serta Patricia Hill Collins tentangopresi interseksional, ditemukan bahwa subjektivitas gender dinegosiasikan secaracair sepanjang hidup calabai. Negosiasi subjektivitas gender calabai memilikibentuk yang sangat beragam, tidak kaku dan linier tetapi cair dan berubah-ubahdalam konteks hidup yang berkelindaan relasi kuasa yang beragam serta terusterjadi dalam tahapan hidup yang berbeda-beda. Subjektivitas gender calabaidibangun dengan tujuan yang beragam, tidak ada satu tujuan yang ideal dan stabil,namun berwarna-warni.

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ABSTRACTThe research studied how calabai, the Bugis term for transgender woman,negotiates her gender subjectivity to own position in the current Bugis society.Calabai?s existence and roles have been acknowledged in Bugis tradition forhundreds years. Changes in social system, including the entry of Islam with itsdichotomous sex/gender system, modern education and changing political systemhave brought fundamental changes in calabai?s life context. Some calabai hold onto traditional roles, while others enter non-traditional roles in social context withstricter gender dichotomy. This qualitative research studied the life of 12 calabaiwith diverse roles. By adopting Michel Foucault?s viewpoint on power systems,Judith Butler?s gender performativity and Patricia Hill Collins? intersectionoppression, the research found that gender subjectivity is negotiated fluidly in acomplex way throughout calabai?s life. Different calabai negotiate her gendersubjectivity in different ways, the process is not rigid and linear but fluid andchanging through different life context that intertwined with power relations andthrough life stages. Calabai gender subjectivity is constructed with diverse aim,there is no ideal and stable aim, but expressed in a colourful ways;"

"Transgender adalah salah satu kelompok yang paling terpengaruh oleh epidemic HIV dan 49 kali lebih mungkin untuk hidup dengan HIV dibandingkan populasi umum. Data dari Amerika Latin dan Karibia menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi HIV jauh lebih tinggi pada pekerja seks transgender wanita dibandingkan pada pekerja seks pria dan wanita non-transgender. Tesis ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan menjual seks dengan status HIV pada waria di Indonesia yang merupakan analisis lanjut dari data STBP tahun 2015. Penelitian ini adalah studi crosssectional. Subyek dalam penelitian ini adalah 867 waria yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Hasil penelitian didapatkan prevalensi HIV sebesar 26.1% dan proporsi menjual seks pada waria dengan status HIV positif sebesar 31,1%. Analisis multivariat menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara menjual seks dengan status HIV dengan PR adjusted 1,358 [95% CI: (1,045-1,766)] p-value=0,022. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah waria yang menjual seks 1,358 kali lebih berisiko memiliki status HIV positif dibandingkan dengan waria yang tidak menjual seks setelah dikontrol oleh variabel riwayat IMS. Transgender is one of the groups with the most HIV epidemics and 49 times more likely to live with HIV than the general population. Data from America and the Caribbean show a much higher HIV prevalence in female transgender sex workers than in male and non-transgender female sex workers. This thesis discusses the relationship between selling sex with HIV status among transgender in Indonesia which is a further analysis of the 2015 IBBS data. This study is a cross-sectional study. The subjects in this study were 867 transgender who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results obtained by HIV prevalence of 26.1% and the proportion of selling sex in transgender with HIV positive status of 31.1%. Multivariate analysis showed an association between selling sex with HIV status with adjusted PR 1.358 [95% CI: (1.045-1.766)] p-value = 0.022. The conclusion of this study is that transgender who sell sex are 1,358 times more likely to have HIV positive status compared to transgender who do not sell sex after being controlled by a variable named STIs. "

"ABSTRACTJakarta is the Capital States which have much kind of societies. By seeing from the smallest unit of its society, therefore Jakarta is consisting of immeasurably community. One of them is waria community, which represents small scale of social whereby members could fulfill all their life or some through interdependence relation among them. All members or at least member of them, have tradition or attentions becoming their equality fastener element. They have norm, certainty, and regulation obeyed as a tying and also made guidance to ful fill requirement of its everyday.Waria community has certain marked which differentiating with other communities in Jakarta. Waria represents men which have woman identities, where those identities emerge in interaction as confessed its existence by other people. They have different way in expressing each other identities. The difference of this expression made classifications form related to equality of marking among them. With in performance those classifications would emerge pursuant to each maturity of waria in running the role and express requirement of its soul.As would we saw, the main problem of waria performance was causing of difficulty in determination of gender identity. In this matter they would have 2 conflicts i.e. psychological conflict and social conflict. Psychological conflict was related to adversative desire with the situation of its physical; while social conflict was related to eliminate them from life of ssociation and family and social opportunity to fulfill requirement of its life (in the field of employment).Refer to Goffman (1986:14-5), among 2 existing stigma type i.e. one who is earn to be discreditable and the other one is who discredited. Waria is the one who "discredited stigma". The elimination of waria in social environment and economucs is because of their existence would debased and had made them worked as commercial sex worker for continuing their life. Therefore performance of waria represented product culture of waria as environment response which get stigma to have living and spiritual easiness,which did not outfont the activity context of waria environment and community though"market" in prostitution world.Their performance would see as waria form by classifications based on woman attributeto manipulation man 's body through impression management to identity in everyinteraction. The attribute is to identify him/her self for showing their culture it self.According to context and interaction target, their appearance would selectively conductby them self due to interaction with another community.Comparison within dwelling area, performance in prostitution area would have moreimportant for waria sex worker: Prostitution area is as strength corefor their factual lifein represent interaction place to get money for utilize main requirement of 1%.Interaction at prostitution area became important between waria and service user. Theywould identity each other related to community and their culture. ln this congeniality,waria performance at prostitution area present through separate regulation base oncordidence and knowledge will use as a guidance for life within the classification systemi.e. their own self relevant to environmental with classification of him/her self as awaria, waria service user, visitors and also prestige of waria from prostitution area.Hereby, this original research would not been influence by other researcher who hadpicked the same subject. Dramaturgi concepts from Erving Goffman (1959, 1986) wasinfluenced me in believing that dramaturgi theory as equality among the theater showswith the various role of type where our conduct and everyday interaction. Regarding thisresearch, dramaturgi analysis would pay attention to problem of waria life in Jakartaeveryday as it in an interaction. This theory would be acquainted with 2 importantjunctions in interaction (Goffman 1959: l7-30; Goffman 1959 in Poloma 2002 and Ritzer& Goodman 2004), that is front region and back stage.Parsundi Suparlan (2004a) is also influence me in seeing waria stigma as coherence orequality stigma which sticky attached at some individuals. This would form the identitygroup with their own identity and aim to strengthen or seeking exploration their identitythrough to performance. Transaction, arrangement of categories, space dominationcooperation, emulation, and conflict among themselves are need to have to accommodatethe target market.Approaching dissertation research of this is qualitative (Miles & Huberman I984;Suparlan 1994) where as collecting data, observation and circumstantial interviewedexecuting by participate. ln support of verify and current ethnography detail picture wewere collecting waria datas in Jakarta and taking pictures by handy cam or camera forspecial activity at prostitution area, dwelling area, certain place where doing otheractivities such as field events, mall, Public Square, dangdut shows etc. "

"[ABSTRAKTesis ini membahas tentang pemenuhan kebutuhan dan hak waria lanjut usia. Penelitian ini mengambil studi kasus di Rumah Singgah Waria Anak Raja Jakarta. Fokus penelitian ini adalah deskripsi tentang pemenuhan kebutuhan dan hak waria lanjut usia. Metode penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan mengunakan wawancara mendalam bagi informan pemerintah dan Focus group discussion waria lanjut usia untuk mendapatkan informasi bagi waria lanjut usianya, Hasil dari penelitian ini didapat data bahwa pemenuhan kebutuhan dan hak waria lanjut usia belum sesuai dengan amanat undang- undang baik undang-undang lanjut usia, hak asasi manusia dan kesejahteraan sosial, pemenuhan tersebut masih belum merata dan masih terbatas.;

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ABSTRACTThis thesis discusses about the fulfillment of the needs and rights of elderly transgender. This research is a case study at Shelter Home Anak Raja Jakarta. The focus of this study is a description about the fulfilment of the needs and rights of elderly transgender,. This is a qualitative research method using in-depth interview for government informant and focus group discussions to get further information from the elderly transgender. The results from this study is that the fulfillment of the needs and rights of elderly transgender has not been in accordance with the mandate of the law both laws for the elderly human rights and social welfare. The fulfillment is still uneven and limited.;This thesis discusses about the fulfillment of the needs and rights of elderly transgender. This research is a case study at Shelter Home Anak Raja Jakarta. The focus of this study is a description about the fulfilment of the needs and rights of elderly transgender,. This is a qualitative research method using in-depth interview for government informant and focus group discussions to get further information from the elderly transgender. The results from this study is that the fulfillment of the needs and rights of elderly transgender has not been in accordance with the mandate of the law both laws for the elderly human rights and social welfare. The fulfillment is still uneven and limited.;This thesis discusses about the fulfillment of the needs and rights of elderly transgender. This research is a case study at Shelter Home Anak Raja Jakarta. The focus of this study is a description about the fulfilment of the needs and rights of elderly transgender,. This is a qualitative research method using in-depth interview for government informant and focus group discussions to get further information from the elderly transgender. The results from this study is that the fulfillment of the needs and rights of elderly transgender has not been in accordance with the mandate of the law both laws for the elderly human rights and social welfare. The fulfillment is still uneven and limited.;This thesis discusses about the fulfillment of the needs and rights of elderly transgender. This research is a case study at Shelter Home Anak Raja Jakarta. The focus of this study is a description about the fulfilment of the needs and rights of elderly transgender,. This is a qualitative research method using in-depth interview for government informant and focus group discussions to get further information from the elderly transgender. The results from this study is that the fulfillment of the needs and rights of elderly transgender has not been in accordance with the mandate of the law both laws for the elderly human rights and social welfare. The fulfillment is still uneven and limited., This thesis discusses about the fulfillment of the needs and rights of elderly transgender. This research is a case study at Shelter Home Anak Raja Jakarta. The focus of this study is a description about the fulfilment of the needs and rights of elderly transgender,. This is a qualitative research method using in-depth interview for government informant and focus group discussions to get further information from the elderly transgender. The results from this study is that the fulfillment of the needs and rights of elderly transgender has not been in accordance with the mandate of the law both laws for the elderly human rights and social welfare. The fulfillment is still uneven and limited.]"

"Meskipun individu transgender telah berjuang agar diterima dalam masyarakat, kini mereka lebih terlihat di dalam budaya populer terutama dalam film. Boys Don rsquo;t Cry 1999 merupakan film Hollywood yang menampilkan peran transgender sebagai pemeran utama. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah menganalisa peran transgender, Brandon Teena, dalam menunjukkan transgender yang secara perlahan terinternalisasi melalui interaksi dan hubungan dengan karakter lainnya. Sebagai tambahan, analisis ini dibuat untuk menemukan cara mereka membentuk dan menunjukkan diri mereka sendiri sebagai transgender dan hubungan kekuasaan antara pasangan transgender dan non-transgender. Analisis ini menggunakan perspektif Kara DeMilio pada transgender mengenai perilaku seksual. Artikel ini menjelaskan bahwa film ini menunjukkan performativitas transgender dan hubungan kekuasaan antara karakter satu sama lain, khususnya Brandon.

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Although transgender individuals have been struggling to be accepted in society, they are now more visible in popular culture especially movies. Boys Don rsquo;t Cry 1999 movie is Hollywood movie which has transgender individual as their main character. The purpose of this study is to analyze the transgender character, Brandon Teena, in performing transgender which is slowly internalized through the interaction and relation with the other characters. In addition, this analysis is created to find the way how she construct and perform herself as transgender and the power relation between transgender and their non-transgender partner. The analysis operates within Kara DeMilio perspective on transgender about sexual behavior. The article find that the movie shows the transgender performativy and also power relation between the characters, especially for Brandon. "

"ABSTRAKTerdapat dua istilah representasi identitas transgender perempuan ke laki-laki di Indonesia yang mulai visible, yaitu transman dan priawan. Penelitian ini akan mengkaji bagaimana identitas sebagai transgender laki-laki tumbuh dalam diri priawan dan transman secara individu dalam pengaruh sosialisasi nilai dan peran gender dari lingkungan keluarga dan lingkungan sosial mereka. Selain itu penelitian ini juga melihat bagaimana konsep the three world’s orders memberikan pengaruh terhadap representasi identitas individu transgender laki-laki sebagai “priawan” atau “transman”. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif. Data didapatkan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan informan diidentifikasi sebagai priawan dan transman. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa penerimaan keluarga dan lingkungan sosial terhadap identitas transgender menentukan apakah informan secara individu bersedia untuk coming out atau hidden tentang identitasnya. Selain itu, organisasi atau komunitas yang diikuti oleh masing-masing informan ternyata mempengaruhi konstruksi identitas kelompok transgender laki-laki menjadi priawan atau transman.

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ABSTRACTThere are two terms of visible individual representation of identity in case of transgender female to male in Indonesia, they are “priawan” and “transman”. This research will analyze how identity as male transgender developing in oneself as “priawan” and “transman” individually with influence of values and roles about gender from family and others social environment. In addition, this research also point the influence of “the three world’s orders” concept in representation of male transgender individual identity as “priawan” or “transman”. This research using qualitative approach. Data collected by depth interview with participants who is identified as “priawan” and “transman”. This research found that family and social environment’s acceptance about transgender identity determine whether participants as an individual ready to coming out or hidden about their identity. The fact was organization or community which is followed by every participant have influence in constructing group identity of male transgender become “priawan” or “transman"."