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"Sektor perbankan memainkan peran penting dalam implementasi keuangan berkelanjutan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji perkembangan kerangka hukum terkait keuangan berkelanjutan di sektor perbankan untuk menjaga stabilitas sistem keuangan dalam konteks pembangunan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini menganalisis perbandingan kerangka hukum kebijakan keuangan berkelanjutan di Indonesia dengan praktik terbaik di Eropa dan Asia serta kebijakan keuangan berkelanjutan dan aspek Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) khususnya di sektor perbankan, sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang ada. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah gabungan metode hukum doktrinal dan non-doktrinal dengan bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Teknik pengolahan data menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Penelitian ini menganalisis secara komprehensif Sustainability Report dari 10 bank yang dipilih secara purposive dan menggunakan pendekatan perbandingan dengan negara lain. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan keuangan berkelanjutan di Indonesia masih dalam tahap awal tetapi telah menunjukkan kemajuan signifikan dengan potensi besar untuk berkembang melalui pembelajaran dari praktik terbaik negara lain dan memperkuat kolaborasi antar pemangku kepentingan. Implementasi keuangan berkelanjutan di sektor perbankan Indonesia bervariasi berdasarkan KBMI (Kelompok Bank Berdasarkan Modal Inti). KBMI 1 berada pada tahap awal implementasi dengan fokus pada pemenuhan regulasi dasar. KBMI 2 mulai mengadopsi praktik lebih kompleks seperti kredit hijau. KBMI 3 memiliki program lebih terstruktur dan produk serta layanan berkelanjutan seperti obligasi hijau. KBMI 4 menjadi pelopor dengan portofolio investasi hijau besar dan integrasi ESG yang mendalam.

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The banking sector plays a crucial role in the implementation of sustainable finance in Indonesia. This study aims to examine the development of the legal framework related to sustainable finance in the banking sector to maintain the stability of the financial system in the context of sustainable development. This research analyzes the comparison of the legal framework for sustainable finance policies in Indonesia with best practices in Europe and Asia, as well as sustainable finance policies and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) aspects specifically in the banking sector, in accordance with existing laws and regulations. The research method used is a combination of doctrinal and non-doctrinal legal research methods, with primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. Data processing techniques use a descriptive qualitative approach. This study comprehensively analyzes the Sustainability Reports of 10 banks selected purposively and uses a comparative approach with other countries. The results of the study indicate that the development of sustainable finance in Indonesia is still in its early stages but has shown significant progress with great potential for growth by learning from the best practices of other countries and strengthening stakeholder collaboration. The implementation of sustainable finance in Indonesia's banking sector varies based on KBMI (Core Capital-Based Bank Groups). KBMI 1 is at the initial stage of implementation with a focus on meeting basic regulations. KBMI 2 has begun to adopt more complex practices such as green credit. KBMI 3 has more structured programs and sustainable products and services such as green bonds. KBMI 4 is a pioneer with a large green investment portfolio and deep ESG integration."

"Indonesia menyepakati The Paris Agreement dengan berkomitmen untuk menurunkan Gas Rumah Kaca (GRK). Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) mendukung komitmen Indonesia dengan mengeluarkan POJK51 tentang keuangan berkelanjutan dan mengeluarkan Taksonomi Hijau Indonesia (THI) mengenai taksonomi hijau. Dalam praktiknya, implementasi keuangan berkelanjutan masih belum efektif dan implementasi taksonomi hijau masih sulit untuk dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi keuangan berkelanjutan dan taksonomi hijau Bank ABC. Bank ABC, yang dijadikan sebagai objek penelitian, merupakan bank KBMI 2 dan bank yang sudah masuk Bursa Saham Indonesia (BEI). Sumber data dalam penelitian ini berupa data primer yang diperoleh dengan metode wawancara semi-struktur serta data sekunder berupa laporan tahunan, laporan keberlanjutan, dan portal berita online. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Bank ABC telah mengimplementasi keuangan berkelanjutan berdasarkan POJK51. Sedangkan implementasi taksonomi hijau di Bank ABC masih belum berjalan. Bank ABC tidak memiliki hambatan/kesulitan dalam mengimplementansi keuangan berkelanjutan. Hambatan/kesulitan yang dihadapi oleh Bank ABC dalam mengimplementasi taksonomi hiijau adalah sedikitnya perusahaan yang menerapkan kegiatan operasional yang ramah lingkungan.

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Indonesia has agreed to the Paris Agreement by committing to reduce Greenhouse Gases (GHG). The Financial Services Authority (Indonesian: Otoritas Jasa Keuangan; OJK) supports Indonesia's commitment by issuing POJK51 on Sustainable Finance (SF) and the Indonesian Green Taxonomy (IGT). In practice, the implementation of SF is still ineffective, and the implementation of green taxonomy is still difficult. This study aims to analyze the implementation of SF and green taxonomy at Bank ABC. The approach used in this study is a case-study approach. This study uses primary and secondary data collected through interviews and documentation. The results of the study indicate that Bank ABC has implemented SF based on POJK51. While the implementation of green taxonomy at Bank ABC has not yet been implemented, Bank ABC has no obstacles/difficulties in implementing SF. The obstacles/difficulties faced by Bank ABC in implementing green taxonomy are comprised of the small number of companies that implement environmentally friendly operational activities."

"Pertumbuhan penduduk, urbanisasi, dan pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia mendorong peningkatan permintaan energi, dan emisi gas rumah kaca (GRK). Meskipun berlimpah dalam sumber daya energi terbarukan (renewable energy), ekonomi dan ketahanan energi negara ini sebagian besar bergantung pada bahan bakar fosil. Pemerintah telah melakukan reformasi kebijakan untuk mendukung pengurangan GRK dan mempercepat adopsi energi terbarukan. Akan tetapi, insentif yang tidak jelas arahnya, riwayat subsidi, kebijakan yang tidak konsisten, dan struktur monopoli yang terkonsentrasi yang mengaburkan transparansi biaya, menghambat pencapaian target pemerintah. Peningkatan emisi dan dampak iklim terkait lainnya menghadirkan serangkaian risiko sosial ekonomi. Tidak terkecuali terhadap industri jasa keuangan (IJK). Namun sebaliknya, kegiatan usaha industri jasa keuangan cenderung tidak memperhatikan unsur-unsur lingkungan, sosial dan tata kelola (LST). Meskipun studi menunjukkan bahwa secara teknis layak bagi Indonesia untuk segera melakukan transformasi keuangan yang terjangkau tanpa membahayakan pertumbuhan ekonomi dan pengurangan kemiskinan namun terdapat permasalahan kesenjangan yang besar dalam pembiayaan. Diperlukan peningkatan investasi dari sektor swasta dan publik, karena dana publik saja tidak cukup. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi hambatan pasar, kebijakan, dan tata kelola termasuk peraturan kredit keuangan, penetapan harga yang tidak kompetitif, skala proyek yang dibatasi dan akses terbatas ke informasi terhadap proyek keuangan berkelanjutan. Peneliti mengusulkan untuk mengembangkan dan merubah peraturan otoritas jasa keuangan untuk menunjang mekanisme pengawasan serta transparansi pasar. Harmonisasi peraturan tentu diperlukan, namun tujuan utamanya adalah amanat Pasal 33 ayat 4 Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia 1945. Bersama-sama, langkah-langkah dalam penelitian ini dapat digunakan untuk menciptakan lanskap industri jasa keuangan yang aman, transparan dan beresiko rendah.

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Indonesia's population growth, urbanization, and economic growth drive an increase in energy demand, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Abundant in renewable energy resources (renewable energy), the economy and energy security of the country is largely dependent on fossil fuels. The government has carried out policy reforms to support GHG reduction and adopt renewable energy. However, but the direction is not clear, inappropriate subsidies spiralling upwards in terms of costs and unintended impacts, inconsistent policies, and concentrated monopoly structures that obscure cost transparency, hindering the achievement of government targets. Increased emissions and other associated climate impacts present socio-economic risks. The impact also effects the Financial Services Industry (IJK). On the other hand, the business activities of the financial services industry tend not to pay attention to environmental, social, and governance(ESG) factors. Although studies show that it is technically feasible for Indonesia to quickly make preferable financial transformations without jeopardizing economic growth and poverty reductions, there still a problem with large gaps in financing. There is a need to increase investment from the private and public sectors, because public funds alone are not nearly enough. This study identifies market, policy, and governance supports including credit finance regulations, uncompetitive pricing, restricted project scale, and limited access to sustainable finance project information. Researcher proposes to develop and amend financial services regulations of the financial service authority to support supervisory mechanisms and market transparency. Harmonization of regulations is certainly required, but the main objective is the mandate of Article 33 paragraph 4 of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Together, these steps in this research can be used to create a safe, transparent and low-risk financial services industry landscape."

"Sustainable finance is a holistic approach to the sustainability development goals (SDG), so that the interdependence between environmental, social, and governance issues is unveiled. Sustainable finance takes into account the various challenges following from social change and sustainability, the evolution of capital markets, and the development of efficient risk management practices. Governance issues are an integral part of sustainable finance. However, academic literature has generally neglected to consider strategies to prevent and fight financial crimes as a crucial component of sustainable finance. The aim of this book is to focus on the interconnectedness between sustainable finance and preventing/fighting financial crime, not only as a crucial governance issue, but also as a deep challenge for social and even environmental issues. There is no really sustainable finance without developing strong and efficient means to fight financial crimes."

"[ABSTRAKPenulisan skripsi ini dilatarbelakangi oleh belum adanya payung hukum terhadap protokol manajemen krisis untuk mencegah dan menangani krisis perbankan yang terjadi di Indonesia. Krisis perbankan tersebut berdampak bukan hanya bagi kegiatan perekonomian negara, melainkan bagi keadaan politik yang begitu luas. Dalam penulisannya, metode yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif, yaitu metode yang dilakukan dengan meneliti bahan pustaka atau data sekunder.Tesis ini menyoroti sejarah krisis perbankan yang melanda Indonesia dan Inggris dan bagaimana mekanisme dan aplikasi Jaring Pengaman Sistem Keuangan yang ada pada masing-masing negara tersebut. Adapun pertimbangan yang melatarbelakangi penulis untuk mengakat tema ini adalah, kedua negara tersebut sama-sama terkena imbas krisis subprime mortgage dari US pada tahun 2008 dan keduanya sama-sama mengalami krisis perbankan akibat satu bank kecil yang berdampak sistemik. Namun, saat ini Inggris sudah memiliki Undang-Undang yang mengatur koordinasi antar lembaga/otoritas dalam mencegah krisis dan menjaga Stabilitas Sistem Keuangan negaranyaABSTRACTThe writing of this thesis motivated by the absence of legal protection against the crisis management protocol to prevent and deal with the banking crisis that occurred in Indonesia. The banking crisis has an impact not only for the economic activities of the country, but also for a broad political circumstances. Method used in this writing is juridical-normative writing, which is done by examining material library or a mere secondary data.This thesis highlights the history of banking crisis that hit Indonesia and the UK and how the mechanism and application of the Financial System Safety Net that exist in each of these countries. As for the considerations underlying the author, to the theme of this is that these two countries are equally affected by the subprime mortgage crisis on the US in 2008 and both are experiencing a banking crisis as a result of a small bank with systemic impact. However, this time the UK already has a law that regulates the coordination between agencies / authorities in preventing crises and maintaining financial system stability country;The writing of this thesis motivated by the absence of legal protection against the crisis management protocol to prevent and deal with the banking crisis that occurred in Indonesia. The banking crisis has an impact not only for the economic activities of the country, but also for a broad political circumstances. Method used in this writing is juridical-normative writing, which is done by examining material library or a mere secondary data.This thesis highlights the history of banking crisis that hit Indonesia and the UK and how the mechanism and application of the Financial System Safety Net that exist in each of these countries. As for the considerations underlying the author, to the theme of this is that these two countries are equally affected by the subprime mortgage crisis on the US in 2008 and both are experiencing a banking crisis as a result of a small bank with systemic impact. However, this time the UK already has a law that regulates the coordination between agencies / authorities in preventing crises and maintaining financial system stability country;The writing of this thesis motivated by the absence of legal protection against the crisis management protocol to prevent and deal with the banking crisis that occurred in Indonesia. The banking crisis has an impact not only for the economic activities of the country, but also for a broad political circumstances. Method used in this writing is juridical-normative writing, which is done by examining material library or a mere secondary data.This thesis highlights the history of banking crisis that hit Indonesia and the UK and how the mechanism and application of the Financial System Safety Net that exist in each of these countries. As for the considerations underlying the author, to the theme of this is that these two countries are equally affected by the subprime mortgage crisis on the US in 2008 and both are experiencing a banking crisis as a result of a small bank with systemic impact. However, this time the UK already has a law that regulates the coordination between agencies / authorities in preventing crises and maintaining financial system stability country;The writing of this thesis motivated by the absence of legal protection against the crisis management protocol to prevent and deal with the banking crisis that occurred in Indonesia. The banking crisis has an impact not only for the economic activities of the country, but also for a broad political circumstances. Method used in this writing is juridical-normative writing, which is done by examining material library or a mere secondary data.This thesis highlights the history of banking crisis that hit Indonesia and the UK and how the mechanism and application of the Financial System Safety Net that exist in each of these countries. As for the considerations underlying the author, to the theme of this is that these two countries are equally affected by the subprime mortgage crisis on the US in 2008 and both are experiencing a banking crisis as a result of a small bank with systemic impact. However, this time the UK already has a law that regulates the coordination between agencies / authorities in preventing crises and maintaining financial system stability country;The writing of this thesis motivated by the absence of legal protection against the crisis management protocol to prevent and deal with the banking crisis that occurred in Indonesia. The banking crisis has an impact not only for the economic activities of the country, but also for a broad political circumstances. Method used in this writing is juridical-normative writing, which is done by examining material library or a mere secondary data.This thesis highlights the history of banking crisis that hit Indonesia and the UK and how the mechanism and application of the Financial System Safety Net that exist in each of these countries. As for the considerations underlying the author, to the theme of this is that these two countries are equally affected by the subprime mortgage crisis on the US in 2008 and both are experiencing a banking crisis as a result of a small bank with systemic impact. However, this time the UK already has a law that regulates the coordination between agencies / authorities in preventing crises and maintaining financial system stability country;The writing of this thesis motivated by the absence of legal protection against the crisis management protocol to prevent and deal with the banking crisis that occurred in Indonesia. The banking crisis has an impact not only for the economic activities of the country, but also for a broad political circumstances. Method used in this writing is juridical-normative writing, which is done by examining material library or a mere secondary data.This thesis highlights the history of banking crisis that hit Indonesia and the UK and how the mechanism and application of the Financial System Safety Net that exist in each of these countries. As for the considerations underlying the author, to the theme of this is that these two countries are equally affected by the subprime mortgage crisis on the US in 2008 and both are experiencing a banking crisis as a result of a small bank with systemic impact. However, this time the UK already has a law that regulates the coordination between agencies / authorities in preventing crises and maintaining financial system stability country;The writing of this thesis motivated by the absence of legal protection against the crisis management protocol to prevent and deal with the banking crisis that occurred in Indonesia. The banking crisis has an impact not only for the economic activities of the country, but also for a broad political circumstances. Method used in this writing is juridical-normative writing, which is done by examining material library or a mere secondary data.This thesis highlights the history of banking crisis that hit Indonesia and the UK and how the mechanism and application of the Financial System Safety Net that exist in each of these countries. As for the considerations underlying the author, to the theme of this is that these two countries are equally affected by the subprime mortgage crisis on the US in 2008 and both are experiencing a banking crisis as a result of a small bank with systemic impact. However, this time the UK already has a law that regulates the coordination between agencies / authorities in preventing crises and maintaining financial system stability country, The writing of this thesis motivated by the absence of legal protection against the crisis management protocol to prevent and deal with the banking crisis that occurred in Indonesia. The banking crisis has an impact not only for the economic activities of the country, but also for a broad political circumstances. Method used in this writing is juridical-normative writing, which is done by examining material library or a mere secondary data.This thesis highlights the history of banking crisis that hit Indonesia and the UK and how the mechanism and application of the Financial System Safety Net that exist in each of these countries. As for the considerations underlying the author, to the theme of this is that these two countries are equally affected by the subprime mortgage crisis on the US in 2008 and both are experiencing a banking crisis as a result of a small bank with systemic impact. However, this time the UK already has a law that regulates the coordination between agencies / authorities in preventing crises and maintaining financial system stability country]"

"Produk bancassurance merupakan produk perbankan yang terdiri dari produk simpanan/investasi yang digabung dengan produk asuransi jiwa. Salah satu bentuknya yaitu berupa deposito yang dikemas dengan asuransi jiwa didalamnya. Dalam perkembangannya, produk bancassurance yang demikian dapat dijadikan sebagai jaminan kredit perbankan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana karakteristik pemberian kredit dengan jaminan produk bancassurance dan bagaimana dengan hak bank sebagai kreditor apabila terjadi wanprestasi dalam pemberian kredit tersebut. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa karakteristik pemberian kredit semacam ini terletak pada perjanjian pengikatan jaminannya, dimana ada 2 (dua) jaminan yang diikat secara bersamaan dalam 1 (satu) perjanjian kredit, yaitu pengikatan jaminan deposito dan hak klaim atas polis asuransi jiwa. Adanya kedua jaminan tersebut menjamin bahwa debitor dapat menjaga kelangsungan pelunasan pembayarannya. Apabila debitor wanprestasi, maka bank berhak untuk dapat langsung mencairkan kedua jaminan tersebut tanpa harus melakukan pelelangan di muka umum. Untuk itu, Penulis menyarankan agar ketentuan-ketentuan tentang produk bancassurance dituangkan dalam suatu wadah peraturan tersendiri agar lebih komprehensif dan perlu dilakukan penyempurnaan atas ketentuan-ketentuan tentang hukum jaminan, terutama mengenai jaminan gadai dan fidusia.

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Bancassurance product is one of banking products consisting of deposit/investment combined with life assurance. One of the models is a deposit in which the life insurance is incorporated. The bancassurance product, in its progress, may be used as banking security credit. The objective of this research is to identify how is characteristic of credit grant with secured bancassurance and how the bank?s right as creditor, in the case of default, on such the credit provision. The result shows that the characteristic of this credit grant exists in its security agreement, in which there are 2 (two) securities bound together within 1 (one) credit agreement namely deposit agreement and right to claim life insurance premium. The existences of both securities assure that the debtor may maintain the repayment process. In the case of default by the debtor, the bank has the right to disburse the securities directly without public auction. For such reason, the writer suggests that the provisions on bancassurance products is set forth in one single instrument so as to be more comprehensive and provisions on security of law especially on mortgage and fiduciary collateral."

"Kegiatan pembangunan dan aktivitas tambang memiliki efek positif terhadap perekonomian, namun kegiatan tersebut berdampak negatif terhadap lingkungan hidup. Meskipun kegiatan usaha bank tidak secara langsung berdampak negatif terhadap lingkungan, penyaluran kredit kepada bank terhadap proyek maupun kegiatan usaha tersebut berkontribusi terhadap kerusakan lingkungan. Untuk meminimalkan kerusakan lingkungan yang terjadi akibat aktivitas tersebut, pemerintah menginisiasikan keuangan berkelanjutan yang salah satunya wajib dijalankan oleh bank dalam penyaluran kredit. Untuk mendukung aktivitas keuangan berkelanjutan di Indonesia, Pemerintah Indonesia menerbitkan peraturan perundang-undangan yang ditujukan kepada bank untuk menerapkan keuangan berkelanjutan dalam penyaluran kredit. Muatan terkait penyaluran kredit dengan memerhatikan keuangan berkelanjutan terdapat dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 tentang Perbankan dan terakhir diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2023 tentang Pengembangan dan Penguatan Sektor Keuangan (UU P2SK). Sebagai salah satu bank terbesar di Indonesia, PT Bank X (Persero) Tbk. (Bank X) sudah menerapkan keuangan berkelanjutan dalam penyaluran kredit. Salah satu aktivitas penyaluran kredit dengan memerhatikan keuangan berkelanjutan yang dilakukan oleh Bank X adalah menyalurkan kredit terhadap sektor yang berkelanjutan. Dalam penulisannya, skripsi ini menggunakan metode penelitian doktrinal yang berfokus terhadap penerapan prinsip dan norma dalam hukum positif. Skripsi ini akan membahas terkait pengaturan penyaluran kredit bank dengan memerhatikan keuangan berkelanjutan di Indonesia dan kebijakan penyaluran kredit berdasarkan keuangan berkelanjutan pada Bank X setelah UU P2SK. Kesimpulan dari skripsi ini adalah Pemerintah Indonesia sudah menerbitkan berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan yang memuat unsur keuangan berkelanjutan dalam penyaluran kredit. Kemudian, terdapat kebijakan Bank X yang selaras dengan penyaluran kredit dengan memerhatikan keuangan berkelanjutan yang terdapat  dalam UU P2SK.

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Development activities and mining operations had a positive impact on the economy, however, both activities had a negative impact on the environment. Even though banking activities didn’t directly cause a negative environmental impact, the credit loan to those projects made the bank contribute to the environmental damages. To minimize the environmental damage by credit loan activities, the government has initiated sustainable finance which is mandatory for banks on credit loan activities. To support sustainable activities in Indonesia, the Indonesian government has issued laws that are directed toward to financial services sector to implement sustainable finance in credit loans. The provisions related to credit distribution considering sustainable finance are stipulated in the Banking Law Number 7 of 1992 and recently enacted in Law Number 4 of 2023 concerning the Development and Strengthening of the Financial Sector (Law P2SK). As one of the largest banks in Indonesia, PT Bank X (Persero) Tbk. (Bank X) has already implemented sustainable finance in its credit loan activities. One of the activities carried out by Bank X in credit distribution with consideration for sustainable finance is providing credit to sustainable sectors. This thesis, therefore, employs the doctrinal research method, which focuses on applying principles and norms in positive law. The thesis discusses the regulation of bank credit distribution considering sustainable finance in Indonesia and the policies for providing credit based on sustainable finance at Bank X after the enactment of Law P2SK. The conclusion of this thesis is Indonesian government has issued various regulations that incorporate elements of sustainable finance in credit distribution. Furthermore, Bank X has policies that align with the provisions of sustainable finance in credit distribution under Law P2SK."

"Perubahan iklim merupakan respons terhadap peningkatan konsentrasi gas rumah kaca sebagai akibat dari aktivitas manusia. Pada tahun 2015, UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) termasuk Indonesia menandatangani Perjanjian Paris (Paris Agreement). Salah satu kerangka kerja yang disediakan dalam Perjanjian Paris adalah terkait dengan dukungan keuangan/pembiayaan. Green bond didefinisikan sebagai instrumen keuangan pendapatan tetap untuk meningkatkan modal guna membiayai atau membiayai kembali (re-financing) proyek-proyek hijau yang memenuhi syarat. Kecenderungan green bond adalah menciptakan peluang untuk berinvestasi pada lingkungan dengan memberikan nilai terhadap lingkungan dan perekonomian sebuah negara. Namun, representasi green bond dalam pasar obligasi secara global ternyata tidak lebih dari 2%. Meskipun pasar green bond berkembang pesat di Indonesia, namun masih dalam tahap awal. Masalah dalam riset ini adalah fakta bahwa jumlah penerbitan green bond di Indonesia terutama oleh pihak korporasi masih rendah. Padahal kebijakan terkait sustainable finance di telah diberlakukan sejak 2014 dan pengaturan terkait kerangka green bond dan penerbitan green bond juga telah tersedia sejak 2017. Berdasarkan masalah tersebut, tujuan riset ini adalah untuk melakukan evaluasi terhadap kebijakan green bond dan memberikan rekomendasi kebijakan dalam rangka mendukung upaya terwujudnya pembangunan berkelanjutan di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dalam riset ini adalah gabungan antara metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif (mix method) menggunakan quantitative content analysis, analisis statistik deskriptif, analisis finansial dan wawancara mendalam. Hasil riset menunjukkan bahwa green bond di Indonesia memiliki potensi untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai alternatif pembiayaan yang mendukung upaya mewujudkan pembangunan berkelanjutan. Hal-hal yang menjadi kendala dalam pengembangan pasar green bond di Indonesia antara lain adalah tidak adanya perbedaan keuntungan secara finansial bagi penerbit maupun investor yang berinvestasi pada green bond dan belum optimalnya insentif yang didapatkan bagi pihak yang berinvestasi pada green bond di Indonesia. Kesimpulan dari riset ini adalah diperlukan upaya tambahan dari yang telah dilakukan saat ini, seperti adanya bentuk insentif tambahan bagi pihak yang berinvestasi pada green bond, adanya penguatan regulasi/kebijakan yang dapat mendorong peningkatan dan pengembangan pasar green bond di Indonesia, dan kolaborasi antar pemerintah untuk mendukung pengembangan pasar green bond di Indonesia agar pembangunan berklenajutan dapat terwujud.

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Climate change is a response to the increasing concentration of greenhouse gases resulting from human activities. In 2015, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), including Indonesia, signed the Paris Agreement. One of the frameworks provided in the Paris Agreement is related to financial support. Green bonds are defined as fixed-income financial instruments used to raise or refinance capital for eligible green projects. The trend of green bonds aims to create opportunities for investing in the environment, adding value to both the environment and the economy of a country. However, the global representation of green bonds in the bond market is still less than 2%. Although the green bond market in Indonesia is growing rapidly, it is still in its early stages. The issue addressed in this research is the fact that the issuance of green bonds in Indonesia, primarily by corporate entities, remains low. This is despite the implementation of sustainable finance policies since 2014 and the availability of regulations and frameworks for green bond issuance since 2017. Based on this issue, the research aims to evaluate green bond policies and provide policy recommendations to support sustainable development efforts in Indonesia. The research methodology combines quantitative and qualitative methods (mixed method), utilizing quantitative content analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, financial analysis, and in-depth interviews. The research findings indicate that green bonds in Indonesia have the potential to be utilized as a financing alternative that supports sustainable development efforts. Constraints in the development of the green bond market in Indonesia include the lack of financial benefits for issuers and investors in green bonds and the suboptimal incentives provided to parties investing in green bonds in Indonesia. The conclusion of this research highlights the need for additional efforts beyond the current initiatives, such as providing additional incentives for parties investing in green bonds, strengthening regulations/policies to encourage growth and development of the green bond market in Indonesia, and fostering collaboration among governments to support the development of the green bond market in Indonesia to achieve sustainable development goals."

"Tinjauan literatur ini membahas konsep dan praktik keuangan berkelanjutan dalam studi Hubungan Internasional. Keuangan berkelanjutan merupakan sebuah konsep untuk memahami aktivitas keuangan yang berinteraksi dengan dimensi sosial dan lingkungan. Tinjauan literatur ini disusun untuk memetakan dan menganalisis 33 literatur mengenai keuangan berkelanjutan dalam studi Hubungan Internasional. Penulis memetakan literatur tersebut dengan metode taksonomi dengan mengategorisasikan ke dalam tiga tema bahasan, yakni (1) konseptualisasi, (2) ragam keterlibatan aktor, (3) dan praktik keuangan berkelanjutan. Berdasarkan penelaahan literatur, penulis menemukan bahwa (1) gagasan mengenai keuangan berkelanjutan muncul karena luputnya nilai sosial dan lingkungan dalam aktivitas perekonomian neoklasik, (2) praktik keuangan berkelanjutan masih aktif hanya diselenggarakan oleh aktor negara dan institusi regional semata, (3) dan perbedaan penerapan praktik keuangan berkelanjutan di kawasan Asia dan Eropa disebabkan oleh kapabilitas masing-masing negara. Penulis menemukan celah penelitian yang masih secara intensif berfokus pada peran negara sebagai pihak penyedia dan pendukung dalam praktik keuangan berkelanjutan. Penelitian di masa datang dapat menelaah secara lebih khusus peran dan relasi di antara aktor-aktor dan implikasi nyata praktik keuangan berkelanjutan terhadap keberhasilan pemenuhan Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan pada 2030.

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This literature review discusses the concepts and practices of sustainable finance in the study of International Relations. Sustainable finance is a financial activity that interacts with social and environmental dimensions. This literature review was organized to map and analyze 33 sustainable finance literatures in International Relations studies. The author maps the literature using the taxonomic method by categorizing it into three discussion themes, namely (1) conceptualization, (2) the variety of actor involvement, (3) and sustainable finance practices. Based on a review of the literature, the authors found that (1) the emergence of the idea of sustainable finance was due to the omission of social and environmental values in neoclassical economic activities, (2) sustainable financial practices were still active only organized by state and regional institutions alone, (3) and differences in the application of these practices Sustainable finance in Asia and Europe is caused by the capabilities of each country. The author found a research gap that is still intensively focused on the state as a provider and supporter of sustainable finance practices. Future research can examine more deeply the roles and relationships among actors and the real implications of sustainable finance practices for the successful fulfillment of the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030."

"Otoritas Jasa Keuangan selaku lembaga pengawas sektor keuangan di Indonesia diberikan kewenangan untuk melakukan penyidikan tindak pidana di sektor jasa keuangan bersama pihak Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2011 tentang Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. Namun, pada tanggal 12 Januari 2023 diterbitkan Undang- Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2023 tentang Pengembangan dan Penguatan Sektor Keuangan (UU P2SK) yang menentukan bahwa penyidikan tindak pidana perbankan hanya dapat dilakukan oleh Penyidik OJK. Sementara itu, tidak lama dari penerbitan UU P2SK, pemerintah menerbitkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 5 Tahun 2023 tentang Penyidikan Sektor Jasa Keuangan (PP 5/2023) yang menentukan bahwa selain Penyidik OJK, terdapat Penyidik Kepolisian juga yang dapat melakukan penyidikan tindak pidana perbankan. Maka dari itu pada penelitian ini akan dibahas mengenai bagaimana pengaturan penyidikan tindak pidana perbankan di Indonesia setelah diterbitkannya UU P2SK serta bagaimana perbandingan ketentuan penyidikan tindak pidana perbankan serta wewenang penyidik lembaga pengawas jasa keuangan di Indonesia, Singapura, dan Thailand. Adapun dalam penelitian ini dilakukan penelitian dengan metode penelitian doktrinal yakni pengolahan serta pengujian substansi hukum dengan memakai doktrin-doktrin hukum dalam rangka menemukan, mengkonstruksi, atau merekonstruksi aturan atau prinsip. Lebih lanjut, proses analisis data dilakukan melalui suatu studi perbandingan (micro-comparison) yakni bentuk pendekatan yang digunakan terhadap suatu topik atau aspek tertentu, atau institusi hukum tertentu pada dua atau lebih sistem hukum yang dalam penelitian ini adalah negara Singapura dan Thailand. Dari penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa terdapat kontradiksi antara ketentuan PP 5/2023 dengan UU P2SK. Diketahui juga bahwa pada negara Singapura penyidikan tindak pidana perbankan diserahkan kepada lembaga kepolisian yaitu Commercial Affairs Department sedangkan pada negara Thailand, penyidikan tindak pidana perbankan dilakukan oleh pejabat Bank of Thailand atau pihak eksternal.

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The Financial Services Authority (OJK) as the supervisory institution for the financial sector in Indonesia has the authority to conduct criminal investigations in the financial services sector together with the Indonesian National Police based on Law Number 21 of 2011 concerning the Financial Services Authority. However, on January 12, 2023 the Indonesian Parliament issued Law Number 4 of 2023 concerning the Development and Strengthening of the Financial Sector (P2SK Law) which stipulates that investigations of banking crimes can only be carried out by OJK investigators. Meanwhile, not long after the issuance of the P2SK Law, the government issued Government Regulation Number 5 of 2023 concerning Investigations of the Financial Services Sector (PP 5/2023) which stipulates that apart from OJK Investigators, there are also Police Investigators who can conduct banking criminal investigations. Therefore, this research will discuss how is the regulation regarding investigation of banking crimes in Indonesia after the publication of the P2SK Law and how is the provisions comparison for investigating banking crimes and the authority of investigators from financial services supervisory institutions in Indonesia, Singapore and Thailand. As for this research, research was carried out using doctrinal research methods, namely processing and testing legal substances using legal doctrines in order to find, construct, or reconstruct rules or principles. Furthermore, the process of data analysis is carried out through a comparative study (micro-comparison), namely the form of approach used on a particular topic or aspect, or certain legal institutions in two or more legal systems, which in this study are Singapore and Thailand. From this research it was found that there is a contradiction between the provisions of PP 5/2023 and the P2SK Law. It is also known that in Singapore the investigation of banking crimes is handed over to the police agency, namely the Commercial Affairs Department. Meanwhile in Thailand, investigations into banking crimes are carried out by Bank of Thailand officials or external parties."