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"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Pola defekasi bayi sehat yang mendapat air susu ibu ASI eksklusif perlu dipahami untuk menurunkan kesalahan diagnosis dan terapi sehingga kecemasan orangtua berkurang. Tujuan: Mengetahui pola defekasi frekuensi, konsistensi, warna tinja bayi sehat usia 0-3 bulan dengan ASI eksklusif. Metode: Potong lintang, mengamati pola defekasi bayi di Jakarta dan sekitarnya selama Oktober-Desember 2017. Bayi dikelompokkan menjadi 4 A berusia 2-7, B 27-33, C 57-63, dan D 87-93 hari . Pengamatan menggunakan lembar khusus 7 hari berturut-turut. Hasil penelitian: 120 bayi yang diamati, rerata frekuensi defekasi kelompok A 4,17 kali SD 1,86 , B 4,16 kali SD 2,39 , C median 2,14 kali 0,14-6,14 , dan D median 1,32 kali 0,14-8,29 . Konsistensi tinja menurut Bristol Stool Chart kelompok A adalah tipe 6 sebesar 80 , B 73,3 , C 83,3 , dan D 60 . D juga memiliki konsistensi tipe 5 26,7 .Warna tinja menurut Bekkali kelompok A 63,3 kuning, 20,0 oranye, 16,7 hijau. B kuning 56,7 , oranye 30 , hijau 13,3 . C oranye 50 , kuning 40 , hijau 10 . D kuning 53,3 , oranye 46,7 , hijau 0 . Kesimpulan: Makin bertambahnya usia, pola defekasi bayi sehat dengan ASI eksklusif berubah yaitu berkurangnya rerata frekuensi defekasi, konsistensi tinja menjadi lunak, dan warna tinja menjadi kuning.

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ABSTRACT

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Background The normal defecation pattern of exclusively breastfed healthy infants needs to be understood to reduce inappropriate diagnosis management, and parent rsquo s anxiety. Objective To obtain the defecation pattern frequency, consistency, stool color of exclusively breastfed healthy infants age 0 3 months. Method Cross sectional, observing the defecation pattern of babies in Jakarta and surrounding areas October December 2017. Infants were grouped into 4 A 2 7, B 27 33, C 57 63, D 87 93 days old , observed for 7 consecutive days using a special sheet. Results Total 120 healthy babies with mean frequency of defecation group A, B, C, D were 4.17 times SD 1.86 , 4.16 SD 2.39 , 2.14 0.14 6.14 , 1.32 0.14 8.29 . The stool consistency according to Bristol Stool Chart Group A is type 6 by 80 , B 73.3 , C 83.3 , and D 60 . D also has type 5 26.7 . The stool color according to Bekkali group A is 63.3 yellow, 20.0 orange, 16.7 green. B yellow 56.7 , orange 30 , green 13.3 . C orange 50 , yellow 40 , green 10 . D yellow 53.3 , orange 46.7 , green 0 . Conclusion The defecation pattern of exclusively breastfed healthy infants is following the age. Its changes include decreased in frequency, soft stool consistency, yellow color."

"ABSTRAKASI menjadi nutrisi utama yang bermanfaat bagi pertumbuhan bayi. Pada satu tahun pertama pertumbuhan terdapat masa bayi mengalami peningkatan frekuensi menyusu yang disebut juga dengan masa growth spurts. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi gambaran grafik pertumbuhan 0-6 bulan pada bayi yang mendapat ASI eksklusif di Kota Depok. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan studi cross sectional retrospektif. Sampel yang dibutuhkan sebanyak 106 responden ibu yang memiliki bayi usia 6-12 bulan yang telah mendapat ASI eksklusif. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode consecutive sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis univariat dengan hasil yang menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan yang tinggi pada rata-rata kenaikan berat badan bayi di usia 0 ke 1 bulan sebesar 1006 gram. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat bermanfaat bagi perkembangan ilmu terkait masa growth spurts yang terjadi pada bayi. Penelitian selanjutnya diharapkan menggunakan studi penelitian yang berkelanjutan agar dapat memantau secara langsung fenomena growth spurts pada bayi.

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ABSTRACTBreastfeeding provides the beneficial main nutrition for baby growth. During the first year of growth, a baby experiences an increase in breastfeeding frequency, which is called as growth spurts. This research aims to identify the growth graph of 0 6 months age exclusively breastfed infants in Depok. The method used is descriptive research with retrospective cross sectional study. The sample requires 106 respondents mothers of 6 12 months age exclusively breastfed infant. The sampling is done by the consecutive sampling method. This research uses univariate analysis with the results indicating the high increase of average baby weight at the age of 0 to 1 month of 1006 grams. The results of this study are expected to be useful for the development of science related to the growth spurts in infants. Further research is expected to use continuous research study in order to monitor the growth spurts in infants directly."

"Tujuan penelitian adalah memeroleh model prediksi atrisi pemberian ASI eksklusif menggunakan Breastfeeding Attrition Prediction Tool BAPT yang dimodifikasi. Penelitian longitudinal dilakukan antara Bulan Mei 2016-Januari 2017 di Rumah SakitIbu dan Anak di Kota Tangerang Selatan pada 254 ibu hamil trimester ketiga. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa BAPT modifikasi dinyatakan valid dan reliabel sebagaialat prediksi atrisi pemberian ASI eksklusif di Indonesia. Proporsi atrisi pemberian ASIeksklusif sebesar 47,4 dari 192 ibu yang melengkapi kuesioner, dan tertinggi terjadipada delapan 8 minggu postpartum. Model prediksi intensi dan model prediksi atrisi pemberian ASI ekslusif dinyatakan lsquo;fit rsquo;. Atrisi pemberian ASI eksklusif dipengaruhioleh intensi p

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The objective of the study was to obtain an exclusive breastfeeding attrition predictionmodel using a modified Breastfeeding Attrition Prediction Tool BAPT . A longitudinal studies was conducted between May 2016 January 2017 in 2 Mother and child Hospitalsin South Tangerang of 254 third trimester pregnant women. The results showed thatmodified BAPT was valid and reliable as a predictor tool of exclusive breastfeeding inIndonesia. The proportion of exclusive breastfeeding attrition was 47.4 of 192 motherswho completed the questionnaire, with the highest occurring at 8 weeks postpartum."

"Air Susu Ibu (ASI) merupakan sumber energi utama yang mencukupi untuk bayi sampai usia 6 bulan. Berbagai kendala dapat timbul dalam upaya memberikan ASI eksklusif, salah satunya adalah ibu merasa ASI tidak cukup untuk memenuhi kebutuhan bayi sehingga pertumbuhan bayi tidak optimal. Setiap ibu harus mengetahui pola menyusui bayi ASI secara optimal untuk mendukung keputusan menyusui dan menghindari pemberian asupan yang tidak sesuai. Energi ASI sebanyak 50% berasal dari lemak. Lemak merupakan komponen ASI yang sangat bervariasi dan dapat berubah tergantung asupan ibu, irama sirkardian, tingkat laktasi, antar payudara, paritas, umur, dan antar individu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui korelasi antara kadar lemak dalam ASI dan pola menyusui dengan pertumbuhan bayi ASI eksklusif usia satu bulan. Penelitian potong lintang dilakukan di RSIA Budi Kemuliaan pada bulan September– November 2014. Sampling dilakukan secara consecutive. Kriteria inklusi adalah bayi aterm, berat lahir 2500 -4000 g, sehat. Lemak ASI diperiksa dengan pemeriksaan creamatocrit. Terdapat 50 ibu dan bayi yang masuk dalam penelitian. Bayi usia satu bulan memiliki pertumbuhan yang baik dengan indikator pertumbuhan untuk Z-scores BB/PB, BB/U PB/U dan LK/U sebagian besar berada pada kategori ≥-2 SD s/d ≤2 SD. Pola menyusui subjek tergolong baik dengan frekuensi menyusui 12 kali per hari (84%) dan durasi menyusui <20 menit (58%). Pada pemeriksaan creamatocit didapatkan rerata kadar lemak dalam ASI termasuk kategori tinggi (6,6±1,9 gram/dl). Korelasi lemak ASI dengan BB/U, PB/U, BB/TB adalah berkisar antara 0,03–0,013. BB/U, PB/U, BB/PB, LK/U mempunyai korelasi <0,2 dengan frekuensi dan durasi menyusui. Pertambahan BB, PB, LK per hari mempunyai korelasi <0,25 dengan frekuensi menyusui dan durasi menyusui. Penelitian ini menunjukkan tidak terdapat korelasi antara kadar lemak dalam ASI dan pola menyusui dengan pertumbuhan bayi usia satu bulan.

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Breast milk is the main source of energy that is sufficient for infant up to 6 months old. Various breastfeeding problems can come in providing exclusive breastfeeding, one of the problem is mother perceived of her ability to meet the infant’s needs for optimal growth. Every mother should know about the pattern of optimal breastfeeding infant to support breastfeeding decisions and avoid improper feeding. Lipid is providing 50% of total breastmilk energy. Lipid is a component of breast milk that highly variable, depending on maternal intake, circadian rhythm, level of lactation, between breasts, parity, age, and between individuals.

The purpose of this study is to correlate between the levels of lipid in breastmilk and breastfeeding pattern with growth of one month old infants. The study used a cross-sectional study design at RSIA Budi Kemuliaan from September to November 2014. Sampling was taken with consecutive. Inclusion criteria were full-term infant, birth weight 2500–4000 g, healthy. Breast milk lipid was estimated with creamatocrit procedure. There were 50 mothers and infants who entered the study.

This study showed that subjects one month old infants have normal growth. The majority result of growth indicators for WHZ, WAZ, HAZ and HCAZ are between ≥-2 SD until ≤2 SD. Breastfeeding patterns have good result with frequency 12 times per day (84%) and duration <20 minutes (58%). Creamatocit examination showed average levels of lipid in the breastmilk is high (6.6±1.9 g/dl). Correlation of breastmilk lipid with WHZ, WAZ, HAZ is ranged from 0.03–0.013. WHZ, WAZ, HAZ and HCAZ has a correlation <0.2 with the frequency and duration of breastfeeding. Weight, height and head circumference increment per day correlated <0.25 with breastfeeding frequency and duration of breastfeeding.This study conclude that there was no correlation between breastmilk lipid and breastfeeding patterns with growth of one month old infants."

"ABSTRACTPemberian ASI eksklusif dapat mencegah gangguan pertumbuhan dan perkembanganpada bayi serta risiko berbagai masalah kesehatan di masa depan. Penelitian inidilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor dominan yang berhubungan dengan lamapemberian ASI eksklusif. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross-sectionalpada 151 ibu menyusui di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Cipayung, Depok. Penelitian inimenggunakan data sekunder dari penelitian ldquo;Intervensi Peningkatan ASI dan MPASIDalam Rangka Penerapan Program 1000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan rdquo;. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa terdapat 70,2 ibu memberikan ASI eksklusif selama 6 bulan.Analisis bivariat menunjukkan adanya hubungan bermakna antara status bekerja ibu,pengetahuan ibu, suplementasi susu, asupan energi, dan asupan karbohidrat selamamenyusui dengan pemberian lama pemberian ASI eksklusif. Analisis multivariatmenunjukkan suplementasi susu pada ibu menyusui sebagai faktor dominan yangberhubungan dengan lama pemberian ASI eksklusif OR= 4,096 . Terlihat bahwasuplementasi susu pada ibu menyusui dapat meningkatkan pemberian ASI eksklusifhingga 6 bulan.

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ABSTRACTExclusive breastfeeding could prevent child rsquo s growth and development disorders andalso prevent the risk of health problems occurring later in life. The purpose of this studywas to determine the dominant factor that related to exclusive breastfeeding duration.A cross sectional design study was used with 151 breastfeed mothers at working areaof Puskesmas Cipayung, Depok as participants. This study used secondary data from ldquo Intervensi Peningkatan ASI dan MPASI Dalam Rangka Penerapan Program 1000Hari Pertama Kehidupan rdquo research. In this study, 70,2 mothers were found to give 6months exclusive breastfeeding. Bivariate analysis found that mother rsquo s working status,mother rsquo s knowledge, milk supplementation, energy intake and carbohydrate intakeduring breastfeeding were significantly related to exclusive breastfeeding duration.Multivariate analysis resulted that milk supplementation was the dominant factor thatrelated to exclusive breastfeeding duration OR 4,096 . Milk supplementation forbreastfeed mothers was found to increase the duration of exclusive breastfeeding up to6 months."

"Pemberian ASI eksklusif adalah pemberian ASI saja tanpa cairan atau makanan padat apapun kecuali vitamin, mineral atau obat sampai dengan usia 6 bulan. Cakupan ASI eksklusif di Puskesmas Kecamatan Setiabudi tahun 2016 adalah 43,5. Kondisi ini belum mencapai target nasional sebesar 80. Penelitian ini mengukur proporsi pemberian ASI eksklusif dan mempelajari faktor yang berhubungan pada bayi usia 0-6 bulan di Puskesmas Kecamatan Setiabudi dengan desain cross sectional. Penelitian menemukan bahwa proporsi pemberian ASI eksklusif untuk tahun 2017 sebesar 56,8 95 CI: 54 -66, hal ini mengindikasikan adanya perbaikan kondisi pemberian ASI eksklusif di Puskesmas Kecamatan Setiabudi. Temuan lain adalah ada hubungan antara dukungan tenaga kesehatan dengan perilaku pemberian ASI eksklusif. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa peran tenaga kesehatan sangatlah penting terhadap keberhasilan dalam ASI eksklusif. Bidan dan kader perlu berperan lebih besar dalam pemantauan pemberian ASI eksklusif.

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Exclusive breastfeeding is breastfeeding alone without any fluids or solids except vitamins, minerals or medicines up to 6 months of age. The exclusive breastfeeding coverage at Health Center of Setiabudi Subdistrict in 2016 was 43.5. This condition has not reached the national target of 80. This study among measured the proportion of exclusive breastfeeding and studied factors related to breastfeeding infants aged 0 6 months in Health Center of Setiabudi Subdistrict with cross sectional design. The study found that the proportion of exclusive breastfeeding for 2017 was 56.8 95 CI 54 66, indicating improvement in exclusive breastfeeding conditions in Health Center of Setiabudi Subdistrict. Another finding is that there is a relation between support of health workers and exclusive breastfeeding behaviors. This suggests that the role of health workers is crucial to success in exclusive breastfeeding, especially midwives and cadre roles in exclusive breastfeeding monitoring."

"ABSTRACTName : Yulia Novika JStudy Program: Magister Program in Public Heatlth ScienceTitle : Influence of Exclusive Breastfeeding on Linear Growth ofStunted Infants from Birth in Bandar Lampung CityGrowth assessment is an important part of health evaluation of children and as aglobal effort to improve early childhood growth. Exclusive breastfeeding is the onlyappropriate food for infant 0-6 months of age, an ideal nutrition for childdevelopment and growth. In the region of Bandar Lampung city, the prevalence ofstunting is stiil high compared to national data 22.4 ; 20.2 . This study aimedto know the effect of excelusive breasfeeding on linear growth infants with stuntingfrom birth in Bandar Lampung city. A quantitative study with prospective cohortdesign was carried out in Bandar Lampung city for 3 months since the babies were3 months of age. A number of 179 mother singleton baby coupled with stunted frombirth and exclusive breastfed from birth to six months of age were completed tofollow up. Exclusive breasfeeding in Bandar Lampung city is still low 45.8 .Proportion of stunted infants with exclusive breasfeeding achieving normal lineargrowth 97.6 up to six months of age. Linier growth of exclusively breast-fedinfants is higher than those who are not exclusively breastfed either on normalgrowth or in infants who remain stunting at 6 months of age and girls grew betterthan boys. Growth faltering occurred during 4 ndash; 5 months of age in those infantswho were not breastfed exclusively while those who breastfed exclusively at 5 ndash; 6months of age. Growth pattern throughout 3 ndash; 6 months of age were analyzed bylogistic regression and plotted in curves compared to WHO standard. Exclusivelybreastfed infants had 3,58 times better in linier growth compared to formula fedinfants. While partial breastfed infants had 1,6 times to achieve normal linier growthcompared to infants who were fed by formula after controlling infectious diseaseexposure, minimal weight gain standar, materbal occupation, maternal height, andearly complementary feeding. Thus, active role of health personnel to promoteexclusive breasfeeding and growth monitoring, especially linier growth during 0-72 months of age in every three month according to Minister of Health Permenkesnumber 66 year 2014 to monitor growth faltering, is required.Kata Kunci : exclusive breastfeeding, birth length, linier growth, stunting

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ABSTRACTName Yulia Novika JStudy Program Magister Program in Public Heatlth ScienceTitle Influence of Exclusive Breastfeeding on Linear Growth ofStunted Infants from Birth in Bandar Lampung CityGrowth assessment is an important part of health evaluation of children and as aglobal effort to improve early childhood growth. Exclusive breastfeeding is the onlyappropriate food for infant 0 6 months of age, an ideal nutrition for childdevelopment and growth. In the region of Bandar Lampung city, the prevalence ofstunting is stiil high compared to national data 22.4 20.2 . This study aimedto know the effect of excelusive breasfeeding on linear growth infants with stuntingfrom birth in Bandar Lampung city. A quantitative study with prospective cohortdesign was carried out in Bandar Lampung city for 3 months since the babies were3 months of age. A number of 179 mother singleton baby coupled with stunted frombirth and exclusive breastfed from birth to six months of age were completed tofollow up. Exclusive breasfeeding in Bandar Lampung city is still low 45.8 .Proportion of stunted infants with exclusive breasfeeding achieving normal lineargrowth 97.6 up to six months of age. Linier growth of exclusively breast fedinfants is higher than those who are not exclusively breastfed either on normalgrowth or in infants who remain stunting at 6 months of age and girls grew betterthan boys. Growth faltering occurred during 4 ndash 5 months of age in those infantswho were not breastfed exclusively while those who breastfed exclusively at 5 ndash 6months of age. Growth pattern throughout 3 ndash 6 months of age were analyzed bylogistic regression and plotted in curves compared to WHO standard. Exclusivelybreastfed infants had 3,58 times better in linier growth compared to formula fedinfants. While partial breastfed infants had 1,6 times to achieve normal linier growthcompared to infants who were fed by formula after controlling infectious diseaseexposure, minimal weight gain standar, materbal occupation, maternal height, andearly complementary feeding. Thus, active role of health personnel to promoteexclusive breasfeeding and growth monitoring, especially linier growth during 0 72 months of age in every three month according to Minister of Health Permenkesnumber 66 year 2014 to monitor growth faltering, is required.Kata Kunci exclusive breastfeeding, birth length, linier growth, stunting"

"Stunting ialah kondisi kurang gizi kronis yang disebabkan oleh asupan gizi yang kurang dari kebutuhan tubuh dalam waktu yang cukup lama sehingga anak lebih pendek jika dibandingkan dengan usianya. Faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi kejadian stunting dan praktik pemberian makan adalah usia ibu, pekerjaan ibu, tingkat pendidikan ibu, berat badan lahir anak.

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Stunting is a condition of chronic malnutrition caused by the lack of nutrient intake of the body needs in a long time so that the child is shorter when compared with his age. Factors that may affect the incidence of stunting and feeding practices are maternal age, maternal employment, maternal education, child birth weight."

"ABSTRAKJenis asupan nutrisi pada neonatus merupakan determinan yang paling signifikan dari mikrobiota usus pada awal kehidupan. Faktor postnatal yang paling relevan mendukung kolonisasi mikrobiota adalah menyusui. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan profil mikrobiota mekonium neonatus dan membandingkan profil mikrobiota mekonium sebagai perwakilan mikrobiota usus neonatus yang diberi ASI dengan yang diberi susu formula di Indonesia. Studi observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional dilakukan dengan memilih tiga sampel neonatus yang diberi ASI dan tiga sampel neonatus yang diberi susu formula di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta. Mekonium neonatus dikultur secara mikrobiologi dan metode biologi molekuler dilakukan menggunakan Polymerase Chain Reaction-Sequencing. Hasil profil mikrobiota yang diperoleh adalah populasi mikrobiota yang dapat dikultur. Profil mikrobiota mekonium neonatus yang disusui meliputi kelimpahan relatif besar Filum Firmicutes dan kelimpahan relatif rendah Filum Actinobacteria. Dalam profil mikrobiota mekonium dari neonatus yang diberi susu formula, terdapat kelimpahan yang relatif tinggi dari Filum Firmicutes, kelimpahan yang relatif rendah dari Filum Proteobacteria, dan kelimpahan relatif yang sangat rendah dari Filum Actinobacteria. Perbedaan profil mikrobiota mekonium adalah adanya bakteri patogen dari filum Proteobacteria yaitu Pseudomonas Stutzeri dan Acinetobacter baumannii dengan kelimpahan yang relatif rendah yang hanya terdapat pada profil mikrobiota neonatus yang diberi susu formula. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa menyusui, yang mengandung molekul bioaktif dan prebiotik yang dapat meningkatkan probiotik pada neonatus, diduga membantu melawan patogen umum di saluran pencernaan neonatus.ABSTRACTThe type of nutritional intake in neonates is the most significant determinant of the gut microbiota in early life. The most relevant postnatal factor supporting microbiota colonization is breastfeeding. The purpose of this study was to obtain a profile of the meconium microbiota of neonates and to compare the microbiota profile of meconium as a representative of the gut microbiota of breast-fed neonates with formula-fed infants in Indonesia. An observational study with a cross sectional approach was conducted by selecting three samples of neonates who were breastfed and three samples of neonates who were fed formula milk at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. Neonatal meconium was cultured microbiologically and molecular biology methods were performed using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Sequencing. The results of the microbiota profile obtained are microbiota populations that can be cultured. The microbiota profile of the meconium-fed neonates includes a relatively large abundance of Phylum Firmicutes and relatively low abundance of Phylum Actinobacteria. In the meconium microbiota profile of the formula-fed neonates, there was a relatively high abundance of Phylum Firmicutes, relatively low abundance of Phylum Proteobacteria, and very low relative abundance of Phylum Actinobacteria. The difference in the microbiota profile of meconium is the presence of pathogenic bacteria from the phylum Proteobacteria, namely Pseudomonas Stutzeri and Acinetobacter baumannii with relatively low abundance which is only found in the microbiota profile of neonates fed formula milk. This suggests that breastfeeding, which contains bioactive molecules and prebiotics that can increase probiotics in neonates, is thought to help fight common pathogens in the neonatal gastrointestinal tract."