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"ABSTRAKKepala ruang berkontribusi dalam pelaksanaan pencegahan dan pengendalian infeksi PPI di ruang rawat, tetapi kenyataannya masih belum melakukan peran dan fungsinya dalam PPI. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh penguatan peran dan fungsi karu terhadap pelaksanaan pencegahan dan pengendalian infeksi di Rumah Sakit RS . Metoda yang digunakan adalah dengan desain kuasi eksperimen. Responden terdiri dari 5 kepala ruang, dan 34 perawat pelaksana dari kelompok intervensi dan kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada pengaruh yang signifikan penguatan peran dan fungsi karu terhadap kepatuhan pelaksanaan PPI antara kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol p 0,03; ? 0,05 . Rekomendasi Penguatan peran dan fungsi karu diharapkan mendapatkan dukungan dari manajemen keperawatan, kepala ruang dan pelaksana pelayanan untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan perawat terhadap pelaksanaan PPI sebagai dasar meningkatkan mutu pelayanan keperawatan di RS.

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ABSTRACTThe head nurses should contribute to the implementation of prevention and infection control PPI in the ward, but in reality still has not performed its role and function in PPI. This study aims to determine the effect of strengthening the role and function of head nurses on the implementation of infection prevention and control in hospitals RS . The method used is Quasi experiment design. Respondents consisted of 5 headsnurse, and 34 nurses from the intervention and control group. The result of the research shows that there is a significant influence of the strengthening of role and function of head nurseson compliance of PPI implementation p 0,03 0,05 . Recommendations Strengthening the role and function of head nurses is expected to get support from the management of nursing, head nurses and implementing services to improve the compliance of nurses to the implementation of PPI as a basis to improve the quality of nursing services in hospitals."

"Latar Belakang : Gangguan fungsi defeksi, yang diketahui sebagai sindrom Low Anterior Resection (LARS) menjadi masalah utama paska pembedahan kanker rektum yang akan berpengaruh pada kualitas hidup. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menngetahu insidens LARS pada pasien paska prosedur preservasi sfingter ani dan faktor- faktor yang mempengaruhi LARS.Metode : Pasien kanker rektum yang menjalani eksisi total mesorektal dan anastomosis colorectal selama periode 2017-2018 berpartisipasi dalam pengisian kuesioner LARS. Parameter klinis yang dianalisis dan untuk perbandingan fisiologi anorektal antara mayor LARS dan no LARS atau minor LARS menggunakan pengukuran biofeedback.Hasil: Studi ini melibatkan 40 pasien, mayor LARS didapatkan pada 42,5% pada pasien yang menjalani low anterior resection (LAR). Radioterapi preoperatif dan level anastomosis berhubungan dengan major LARS dengan odd ratio 0,1 (95% CI : 0,02- 0,49) and 0,07 (95% CI 0,01- 0,39). Dilakukan penghitungan luasan dibawah kurva (AUC) dengan cara receiver operating characteristic (ROC) sebesar 0,77 dan didapatkan titik potong level anastomosis di 5 cm dengan nilai ramal negative 88,23%. Pengukuran biofeedback menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan pada tekanan anal istirahat (resting anal pressure) dan tekanan kontraksi maksimal (maximal squeeze pressure) diperkirakan terjadi gangguan pada fungsi sfingter dan terapi preoperatif berperan untuk terjadinya LARS.Kesimpulan: LARS merupakan masalah signifikan yang diteukan pada hampir sepertiga pasien kanker rektum paska pembedahan. Resiko terkena mayor LARS meningkat dengan adanya terapi preoperatif dan rendahnya level anastomosis.

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Background : Defective defecation n function, also known as low anterior resection syndrome (LARS), is common problem after surgical treatment of rectal cancer that has a detrimental effect on quality of life. This study aimed to look for the incidence of LARS in patients whose native rectum could not be kept and determine factors influencing major LARS.

Methods : Retal cancer patients who underwent tumor removal with mesorectal excision and colorectal anastomosis during the years 2017-2018 were asked to participate a structured interview using the verified version of the LARS questionnaire. Clinical parameters were analyzed and anorectal physiology was compared between those with major LARS and those without LARS by biofeedback measurement.

Results : This study included 40 patients ,major LARS was found at 42,5% in those who underwent low anterior resection , which incidence 22% than other group. Preoperative radiotherapy and level of the anastomosis associated with major LARS at an odd ratio 0,1 (95% CI : 0,02- 0,49) and 0,07 (95% CI 0,01- 0,39). The receiver operating characteristic curve showed an area under the curve of 0,77. The cut-off anastomotic level was at 5 cm, which gave a negative predictive value of 88,23%. Biofeedback measurement showed a significant difference in the resting anal pressure and maximal squeeze pressure, which suggests that dearrangement in sphincteric function and preoperative therapy may contribute to the LARS.

Conclusion : LARS is significant problem found in about one third of rectal patients after surgery. Risk of having major LARS increases with preoperative treatment and lower anastomotic level."

"Recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) is a very common presenting complaint in pediatric population. There is still a debate regarding the role of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection as an etiology of RAR Typically the inflammatory process in the gastric mucosa of infected individuals is chronic gastritis. Serologic and histologic examination are widely used for the diagnosis. This study was aimed to determine the role of H.pylori infection in Indonesian children with RAR The presence of serum IgG antibody to H. pylori and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were performed on the 101 children with RAR Mztcosal biopsies were obtained for histologic analysis. The prevalence of H. pylori infection indicated by serology was 32.7% and by histology was 27. 7%. Histologic evidence of gastritis was present in 94.1 % children and 45% of them had chronic atrophic and active gastritis. Seventy percent children with H. pylori positive were found abnormal through endoscopy and all of the infected children were revealed abnormal through histological examination. Forty eight percent of seropositive children were found H. pylori positive and 80% of seronegatives children were found to be H pylori negative through histologic examination. Conclusion: H. pylori infection can be a cause of RAP in children. Work up for H. pylori infection should be performed when symptoms are suggestive of organic disease. Larger prospective studies are needed to be perforated for a longer time of period to clarify this issue."

"The study of the patterns of nematode infection on rodents in Lore Lindu,Central Sulawesi was carried out. A total of 52 rodents were examined...."

"Latar Belakang: Ilmu Kedokteran Gigi merupakan salah satu bidang yang rawan untuk terjadinya kontaminasi silang antara pasien-dokter gigi, pasien-pasien dan pasien perawat. Kontrol Infeksi dapat mencegah terjadinya infeksi silang. Tujuan: Melihat hubungan Pengetahuan, Perilaku dan Faktor Lingkungan terhadap keberhasilan upaya Kontrol infeksi pada Mahasiswa Program Profesi Fakultas Kedokteran gigi Univesritas "x" di Jakarta. Metode: Metode penelitian yang digunakan cross sectional dengan Model penelitian Sequential Explonatory design. Penelitian dilakukan pada Mahasiswa Program Profesi Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas “X” di Jakarta yang sudah melewati pendidikan profesi selama 2 (dua) semester, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 101 mahasiswa. Hasil: Upaya Kontrol Infeksi pada Mahasiswa Program Profesi Fakultas Kedokteran gigi universitas “X” di Jakarta masih kurang baik.Ini dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan, perilaku dan faktor lingkungan masih kurang baik dan mempunyai p value < 0,05 sehingga mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan terhadap upaya kontrol infeksi. Kesimpulan: Pengetahuan dan Perilaku dapat ditingkatkan dengan membentuk program yang berisikan promosi kesehatan dalam bentuk poster-poster, standart operasional prosedur berdasarkan standard precautions dan seminar-seminar bagi mahasiswa program profesi fakultas kedokteran gigi. Background: Dentistry is one of a science which has a high sensitivity to caused cross-contamination between the patient-dentist, patient-patient and patient-nurse. Infection control may prevent cross-infection. Objective: Knowing the relationship between Knowledge, Behavior and Environmental Factors with successfull of Infection Control by the students of Professional Program Study of the Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas "x" in Jakarta. Methods: The method used is cross sectional with research model Sequential Explonatory Design. The study which has the total sample of 101 students was conducted and involved the students of Professional Program Study of the Faculty of Dentistry, University "X" in Jakarta, which has passed the professional education for two (2) semesters. Results: Infection Control Efforts conducted by the student of Professional Program Study Faculty of Dentistry, University "X" in Jakarta is not maximal. It was affected by the Knowledge, Behavior and Environmental Factors which not good enough and has a p value <0.05 and therefore has a significant relationship which infection control effort. Conclusion: Knowledge and Behavior can be improved by establishing a program containing health promotion in the form of posters, standard operating procedures based on standard precautions and seminars for the students of Professional Program Study of the faculty of dentistry."

"Qualitative study that explores the mother 's experience in caring the children with Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is still limited ARI especially pneumonia is a major cause of rnorbidigi and mortality in children under ive years in Indonesia. In a study of rural communities, Sutrisna (I993) found that 30 out ofI39 children under jive of age with pneumonia die without treatment. Ihe purpose of this study was to explore the mother's experience in caring the children with ARI. The results from this study can be used to target for health education and health promotion in controlling and decreasing the incidence of ARI. This study used phenomenology with I0 informants who had child under five of age. Purposive sampling was chosen as a strategy for sample selection. In this study, data were collected using in depth interview with open question and recorded. Colaizzi method was used to analyze the data. There were three themes identyied by this study including the perception of ARI. the first action for sick child, and the special care for sick child."

"Sejak tahun 2000 jumlah penderita HIV/AIDS di Indonesia meningkat tajam, terutama pada pecandu narkotika suntik. Terapi antiretroviral yang terbukti dapat menurunkan mortalitas dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien, diberikan berdasarkan kondisi klinis, jumlah sel limfosit CD4 dan kadar virus dalam darah. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar CD4 dan kadar virus pada 71 pasien HIV asimptomatik yang merupakan pecandu narkotika suntik untuk melihat apakah kadar CD4 berkorelasi dengan kadar virus HIV. Kadar CD4 diperiksa dengan metode imunofluoresensi indirek menggunakan antibodi monoklonal dan kadar virus menggunakan teknik PCR. Pemeriksaan hitung virus dilakukan pada 56 pasien yang mempunyai kadar CD4 lebih dari 200 sel/mm3 (x = 473 + 180,6). Sebanyak 30 orang (55,4%) mempunyai kadar virus dalam darah lebih dari 55.000 kopi/ml dan 35,7% kadar virusnya 5.000-55.000 kopi/ml. Korelasi antara kadar CD4 dengan kadar virus dalam darah memberi nilai r: 0,194. Disimpulkan bahwa pada pecandu narkotika kadar CD4 tidak berkorelasi dengan kadar HIV sehingga pemberian antiretroviral sebaiknya didasarkan pada kadar HIV dalam darah. (Med J Indones 2002; 11: 143-7)

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Since the year 2000 there has been a steep increased in the number of HIV/AIDS patients in Indonesia , coming mostly from intravenous drug users. Antiretroviral treatment has been proved to decrease mortality and increase quality of life of HIV/AIDS patients. The treatment is given according to clinical condition of the patients, number of CD4 and viral load. In this study, CD4 and viral load were examined in 71 asymptomatic HIV patients originated from injecting-drug users. CD4 counting was performed by indirect immunoflouresence method using monoclonal antibody, and viral load was tested using PCR technique. Among 56 patients who has the number of CD4 more than 200/mm3, 30 patients (55,4 %) has viral load more than 55,000 copies/ml and 35,7% has viral load 5,000-55,000 copies/ml. Correlation between the number of CD 4 and viral load gave the r value of 0,194. It is concluded that there is no association between the number of CD 4 and viral load in drug user HIV/AIDS patients. The treatment of HIV/AIDS for these patients should be given according to the viral load. (Med J Indones 2002; 11: 143-7)"