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"Latar BelakangMeningkatnya pertumbuhan populasi usia lanjut, mengharuskan untuk memberikan perhatian besar kepada penyakit degeneratif atau penyakit dengan awitan usia lanjut. Penyakit Parkinson merupakan salah satu penyakit degeneratif tersebut.ObyektifMenyediakan data dasar penderita penyakit Parkinson sesuai pokok-pokok pada SPTPP (Skala Penilaian Terpadu Penyakit Parkinson)MetodaMerupakan penelitian deskriptif cross sectional dengan subyek penderita penyakit Parkinson yang berobat ke poliklinik saraf RSCM, dalam kurun waktu Oktober-Desember 2005. Pengolahan data dengan menggunakan SPSS versi 10.0Hasil PenelitianTerdapat 42 subyek yang masuk kriteria inklusi, dengan perbandingan laki-laki dan perempuan yang hampir sama (1,03:1), rata-rata berusia 63,62 tahun (stand dev 10,95), sebagian besar tidal( bekerja dan tinggal bersama keluarga. Usia awitan sakit rata-rata 57,55 tahun (stan dev 9,92) dengan durasi sakit rata-rata 6,10 tahun (stand dev 5,23). Levodopa dan antikolinergik merupakan obat anti Parkinson yang paling banyak dipergunakan oleh subyek (97,63% dan 80,97%), yaitu dalam bentuk kombinasi keduanya.Rata-rata hasil pemeriksaan SPTPP adalah skor sub skala I 2,98 (stand dev 2,77), skor sub skala II 14,10 (stand dev 9,76), skor sub skala III 17,93 (stand dev 11,02), sub skala IV 3,02 (stand dev 3,27). Rata-rata derajat keparahan subyek adalah stadium 2,417 menurut skala Hoehn-Yahr, dan-rata-rata skala Schwab-England adalah 71,43% (stand dev 22,59)Gejala kardinal terbanyak pada subyek adalah rigiditas dan bradikinesia; sedangkan subyek dengan skala schwab-England rendah memiliki skor instabilitas postural dan bradikinesia yang tinggi. Gejala motorik yang berhubungan dengan terapi yang terbanyak adalah freezing, diikuti fluktuasi klinis dan distonia. Gangguan mentasi-intelektual merupakan gejala non motorik yang meiicolok pada subyek.Aktifitas utama sehari-hari yang paling banyak terganggu adalah mengenakan baju dan berjalan. Mengenakan baju juga gangguan yang paling banyak memerlukan bantuan orang lain. Terdapat kecenderungan antara durasi sakit dan SPTPP; semakin lama durasi sakit semakin besar skor SPTPP dan Hoehn-Yahr serta semakin rendah skor Skala Schwab-England. Di samping itu terdapat pula kecenderungan antara basil pemeriksaan gejala motorik dan basil pemeriksaan kemampuan subyek.KesimpulanAdanya trend bahwa semakin lama durasi sakit semakin berat gangguan mentasi, perilaku dan mood; semakin berat gejala motorik, semakin tinggi derajat keparahan serta semakin banyak komplikasi pengobatan. Semakin lama durasi saki! juga menunjukkan semakin berat ketidakmampuan melakukan aktifitas sehari-hari dan semakin besar ketergantungan pada orang lain. Terdapat trend bahwa semakin berat gejala motorik dan semakin parah derajat sakit semakin buruk fungsi subyek penelitian. Terdapat asumsi pada status gejala motorik yang sama, subyek menunjukkan fungsi aktifitas sehari-hari yang lebih buruk dibanding subyek penelitian lain di luar negeri.

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Background

The increasing number of elderly people necessitates considerable attention to degenerative disease or late-age onset disease; Parkinson disease constitutes one of the degenerative disease

Objective

To provide basic data on Parkinson patients based on UPDRS (Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale = SPTPP Skala Penilaian Terpadu Penyakit Parkinson)

Method

A descriptive cross-sectional study that involved Parkinson patients that presented to the outpatient clinic of RSCM from October to December 2005. SPSS version 10,0 was used for the data processing

Result

42 subjects met the inclusion criteria with the almost similar ratio of male - female patients (1.03 : 1), with the mean age 63,62 (stand deviation 10.95) and most of them were unemployed and lived with their families. The mean morbid age was 57.55 (stand dev 9.92) with the mean morbid duration 6.10 years (stand dev 5.23), Levodopa and anticholinergic agent were the most common medicines taken by subjects (97.63% and 80.97%) in the combination therapy.

The mean result of UPDRS 1 SPTPP examination were sub-scale I score 2.98 (stand dev 2.77), sub-scale II score 14.10 (stand dev 9.76), sub-scale III score 17.93 (stand dev 11.02) and sub-scale IV score 3.02 (stand dev 3.27). The mean severity degree of the subjets was at stage 2.417 based on I-Ioehn-Yahr scale and the mean Schwab-England scale was 71.43% (stand dev 22.59)

The most frequently found cardinal symptom in the subjects were rididity and bradykinesia; whereas subjects with low Schwab-England scale had high postural instability and bradykinesia score. The most common motoric symptom found correlated with the therapy were freezing; clinical fluctuation and dystonia. Mental - intelectual disturbance was the most conspicuous non -- motorik symptom in subjets

The most disturbed daily activities were putting on clothing and walking. Putting on clothing was the activity that need most help from the most significant members of the family.

There was a trend between the morbid duration and UPDRS 1 SPTPP; the longer the morbid duration, the higher the SPTPP Hoehn-Yahr score were and the lower the Schwab-England scale was. In addition to that, there was a propensity between the motoric symptom assessment and the examination result of the subject's performance.

Conclusion

There was a trend thet showed the longer the morbid duration was, the more severe the mental, behavior and mood disturbances were; the more severe the motoric symptom, the higher the serety degree was as well as the higher need for the treatment of complications. The more prolonged morbid duration also revealed the more serious disability of conducting every day activities and the higher dependence on other people. There was propensity for the worse function of the trial subjects due to the more severe motoric symptom and higher degree of disease severity. There has been some assumption that at the same status of motoric symptom, the subjects showed worse function of daily activities compared with other trial subjects in other countries."

"Tumor odontogenik merupakan jenis tumor yang sering terjadi di regio kepala leher terutama di rongga mulut. Badan Kesehatan Dunia WHO telah membuat klasifikasi yang baru terhadap jenis tumor odontogenik. Kejadian tumor odontogenik di Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh banyak hal di antaranya kondisi demografi, sosioekonomi dan keadaan klinis masing-masing individu. Penelitian mengenai tumor odontogenik masih sangat sedikit dilakukan di Indonesia sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui frekuensi dan distribusi tumor odontogenik di Indonesia periode 2012-2015. Analisis dilakukan pada 118 rekam medik pasin tumor odontogenik. Frekuensi dan distribusi dilihat berdasarkan umur, jenis kelamin, lokasi, pekerjaan, pendidikan, diagnosis tumor, jenis perawatan, spesialisi, gambaran histopatologis, lama rawat inap dan tingkat rekurensi. Mayoritas pasien berusia 31-40 tahun 26,27. Tumor odontogenik ditemukan lebih banyak pada laki-laki dengan rasio 1.03:1. Tingkat pendidikan paling banyak adalah tamat SMA, 35 pasien 29,67. Mayoritas pasien tidak bekerja sebanyak 26 pasien 22,03. Ameloblastoma merupakan jenis tumor paling banyak yaitu 101 kasus 85,60. Tumor odontogenik paling banyak ditemukan di rahang bawah sebanyak 102 kasus 86,44. Penanganan tumor paling banyak dilakukan oleh spesialis bedah mulut sebanyak 91 kasus 77,12. Rata-rata lama rawat inap pasien adalah 9,87 7,60 hari. Terjadi 15 kasus rekurensi pada jenis tumor ameloblastoma.

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Odontogenic tumor is a common tumor in the head and neck regio especially oral cavity. World Health Organization WHO in 2005 currently reclassify the classification of tumor odontogenic. The incidence of the odontogenic tumor in Indonesia were depends on demographic conditions, socio economic and clinical condition of the patients. The research about odontogenic in Indonesia are currently limited so this research are conducted to see the frequency and distribution of odontogenic tumor in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital from 2012 2015. 118 medical records was analyzed. Frequency and distribution analyzed concerning age, gender, location of tumor, educational level, occupation, diagnosis, treatment, specialization, histopatologic type, length of stay, and reccurent rate. Most of the patients were 31 40 years old in age 26,27. Odontogenic tumor mostly happen in man with ratio 1.03 1. The educational level of the patients mostly are graduated high school student 29,67 and mostly are not work 22,03. Ameloblastoma is the most common odontogenic tumor 85,60. Mandible is the common site of the odontogenic tumor 86,44. The treatment of the odontogenic tumor mostly done by the oral and maxillofacial surgeon 77,12. Mean of patient length of stay were 9,87 7,60 days. "

"Latar belakang - Asam asetil salisilat (ASA) adalah obat antiplatelet yang telah digunakan secara luas dan terbukti efektif dalam pencegahan stroke iskemik berulang. Sebagian penderita tidak berespons terhadap terapi ASA diistilahkan sebagai resistensi ASA yang memiliki risiko tinggi mengalami stroke iskemik berulang. Resistensi ASA dapat disebabkan oleh banyak faktor. Saat ini, resistensi ASA dapat diketahui dengan pemeriksaan yang lebih sederhana, cepat dan akurat, dengan uji fungsi trombosit VerifyNow®. Tujuan - Mengetahui prevalensi resistensi laboratorik ASA dengan uji fungsi trombosit Verifynow® pada pasien stroke iskemik di RSCM dan faktor - faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Metode - Desain potong lintang melibatkan 50 penderita stroke iskemik yang hanya mendapatkan terapi ASA. Pemeriksaan resistensi ASA dengan uji fungsi trombosit Verifynow®. Resistensi ASA dinyatakan jika ARU ≥ 550. Hasil - Dari 50 subyek didapatkan 7 penderita resistensi ASA. Hubungan prevalensi resistensi ASA dengan jenis kelamin laki-laki (OR= 5,217 ; p=0,115), merokok aktif (OR=4,625; p=0,1). Kelompok resistensi ASA rerata usia 51,3±9,2; median kolesterol total 140 mg/dL (124-283). Kelompok respons ASA rerata usia 57,8±9,7 (p=0,105), rerata kolesterol total 173,9 ±40,9 mg/dL (p=0,157). Analisis multivariat mendapatkan bahwa jenis kelamin laki-laki lebih berperan menyebabkan resistensi ASA dibanding merokok aktif (OR 5,22 ; p = 0,141). Kesimpulan - Didapatkan prevalensi resistensi laboratorik ASA dengan uji fungsi trombosit Verifynow® pada penderita stroke iskemik di RSCM sebesar 14%. Tidak didapatkan hubungan bermakna antara prevalensi resistensi laboratorik ASA dengan karakteristik sosiodemografi, penyakit penyerta, klinis, dan laboratoris serta terapi ASA. Terdapat kecenderungan prevalensi resistensi laboratorik ASA lebih banyak terjadi pada penderita laki-laki, merokok aktif, berusia lebih muda, dan hiperkolesterolemia. Jenis kelamin laki-laki lebih berperan menyebabkan resistensi ASA dibanding merokok aktif.

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Background - Asetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is considered to be effective antiplatelet and widely used for the prevention of recurrent ischemic stroke. Some patients did not respond to ASA therapy. Those patients defined as ASA resistant, which are associated with high risk for experiencing recurrent ischemic stroke. ASA resistant cause by many factors. Recently, ASA resistent could be examined by more simple, rapid and accurate method, using platelet function test VerifyNow®.

Purpose - Determine the frequency of ASA resistant among ischemic stroke patients in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital using platelet function test Verifynow® and the factors that influence it.

Method - Design research is a cross-sectional study involving 50 ischemic stroke patients with ASA therapy only. ASA resistant measured by platelet function test Verifynow®. ASA resistant was defined as an ARU ≥ 550.

Results - From 50 subjects obtained 7 subjects with ASA resistant. Association between the frequency of ASA resistant with male gender (OR= 5,217 ; p=0,115), active smoking (OR=4,625; p=0,1). ASA resistant group with a mean age 51,3±9,2 years; median total cholesterol 140 mg/dL (124-283). ASA respond group with a mean age 57,8±9,7 years (p=0,105); median total cholesterol 173,9 ±40,9 mg/dL (p=0,157). Multivariance analysis found that male gender more influenced to ASA resistant compare to active smoking (OR= 5,22; p = 0,141).

Conclusion - The frequency of ASA resistant using platelet function test Verifynow® among ischemic stroke patients in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital is 14%. There is no significant correlation between the frequency of ASA resistant with sociodemographic, concomitant diseases, clinical, laboratory, and treatment characteristics. There is a trend that ASA resistant more likely occured in male gender, active smoking, younger patients, and with hypercholesterol. Male gender more influenced to ASA resistant compare to active smoking."

"Tujuan : Mengetahui korelasi antara kadar vitamin E dengan jumlah limfosit CD4 penderita HIV/ AIDSTempat : Klinik Kelompok Studi Khusus AIDS Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia/ RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta.Metodologi : Penelitian potong lintang pada 52 penderita HIV/ AIDS , berusia 20-40 tahun. Data yang diambil meliputi data demografi, infeksi oportunistik, asupan energi asupan lemak dengan metode food recall 1x24 jam, asupan vitamin E dengan food frequency questionnaire (F Q) semikuantitatif, kadar vitamin E plasma dan hitung limfosit CD4. Analisis bivariat dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji korelasi Pearson.Hasil : Subyek terdiri dari 44 orang laki-laki dan 8 orang perempuan, median usia 26 tahun, 75% berpendidikan sedang, 63,5% berpenghasilan di bawah UMP, 59,6% tidak merokok, 80,77% golongan IDU, 82,7% AIDS, 80,8% dengan IO. Rerata IMT 19,53 kg/m2 dan 53,8% termasuk normal , rerata asupan energi 1574,1 ± 198,48 kkal, rerata asupan lemak 31,17 ± 7,26%, median asupan vitamin E 10,00 ± 1,82 mg/ hari, dan 84,6% memiliki asupan vitamin E kurang. Nilai median kadar vitamin E plasma 22,59 (11,08-70,24) µmol/L dan 90,4% subyek memiliki kadar vitamin E normal. Didapatkan korelasi positif bermakna antara asupan lemak dengan kadar vitamin E plasma(r=0.307, p-0.027*) dan antara asupan vitamin E dengan jumlah CD4 (r=0.363, p=0.008*). Tidak ada korelasi antara IMT dengan limfosit CD4 (r-0.210, p=0.135), asupan vitamin E dengan kadar vitamin E plasma (r-0.222, p=0.114), kadar vitamin E plasma dengan jumlah limfosit CD4(r= 0.028, p'.843).Kesimpulan : Tidak terdapat korelasi antara kadar vitamin E plasma dengan jumlah CD4 penderita HIV/ AIDS.

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Objective : To investigate the correlation between plasma vitamin E concentration and the number of CD4 lymphocytes count in HIV/ AIDS patients

Method : This was a cross-sectional study involving 52 HIVIAIDS patients, aged 20-40 years in University of Indonesia AIDS Working Group (POKDIKSUS) Clinic at Dr Ciptomangunkusumo General Hospital Jakarta. Data were collected including demographic characteristic, energy and fat intake by the 24-hour dietary recall method, vitamin E intake using FFQ semi quantitative method, vitamin E plasma concentration and CD4 lymphocytes count. Statistical analysis was carried out using Pearson's correlation test to investigate the correlation between vitamin E plasma concentration and the number of CD4 lymphocytes count in HIVIAIDS patients.

Result : The subjects were comprised 44 men and 8 women with median of age 26 years. 75% of the subjects were in middle education level; 63.5% were earned under Jakarta's minimum wages; 59.6% were non-smoker; 80.77% were IDU; 82.7% were infected by AIDS; and 80.8% with opportunistic infection. The BMI mean was 19.53kg/m2 of which 518% were normal. The mean of daily energy intake was 1574.11 ± 198.48 kcal, the mean of fat intake was 31.17 ± 7.27%, the median of vitamin E intake 10.00 (7.67- 15.38) mgld and 84.6% had a low vitamin E intake. The median value of vitamin E plasma level was 22.59 (11.08-70.24) µmol/L and 90.4% of subjects had normal vitamin E plasma concentration. There was a significant correlation of fat intake with vitamin E plasma concentration (r=0.307, p=0.427*), also of vitamin E intake with CD4 lymphocytes count (r 0.363, p-0.008*). But, there was no correlation of BMI with CD4 lymphocytes count (r0.210, p=0.135), of vitamin E intake with vitamin E plasma concentration (r=0.222, p=0.114), also the concentration of vitamin E plasma with CD4 lymphocytes count (r= 0.028, p=0.843).

Conclusion: No correlation was found between plasma vitamin E concentration and CD4 lymphocytes count in HIV/ AIDS patients.."

"ABSTRAKRuang lingkup dan cara penelitian : Perubahan pola makan yang mengandung banyak karbohidrat dan serat ke pola makan yang komposisinya terlalu banyak mengandung protein, lemak, gula dan garam tetapi miskin serat, menjadi sebab utama peningkatan kadar kolesterol darah. Hiperlipidemia merupakan salah satu faktor risiko penyakit jantung koroner (PJK), yang menempati urutan ke tiga dari semua penyebab kematian (9,9 %). Spirulina, adalah suatu ganggang mikro biru hijau sebagai suatu komponen makanan yang mempunyai potensi memperbaiki kadar profil lipid darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian Spirulina terhadap profil lipid darah pada penderita hiperlipidemia. Oleh karena itu penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan subyek yang menderita hiperlipidemia dengan kadar kolesterol > 250 mg/dl dan kadar trigliserida > 150 mg/dl, tanpa disertai penyakit lainnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua tahap masing-masing tahap 4 minggu, tahap I dengan pemberian diet rendah kolesterol pada 41 orang subyek, kemudian pada tahap II subyek yang masih hiperlipidemia dibagi dalam dua kelompok yaitu kelompok perlakuan, 11 orang yang diberi diet rendah kolesterol dan 3 x 7 tablet Spirulina sehari, sedangkan kelompok kontrol, 10 orang diberi diet rendah kolesterol saja. Sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan dilakukan pemeriksaan antropometri dan profil lipid darah.Hasil dan kesimpulan terdapat penurunan bermakna kadar kolesterol, trigliserida, LDL-kolesterol pada kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol (p < 0,05). Penurunan LDL-kolesterol 19,11 % pada kelompok perlakuan dan 17.13 % pada kelompok kontrol. Hal ini lebih tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan hasil penelitian Nakaya (1988) sebesar 6,1 %. Penurunan kolesterol 14,50 % pada kelompok perlakuan dan 12,20 % pada kelompok kontrol. Terdapat kenaikan HDL-kolesterol secara bermakna (p < 0,05). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa diet mempunyai peran yang penting pada perbaikan profil lipid.

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ABSTRACT

Rationale and Method of Study : The change of the conventional dietary pattern which is high in carbohydrate and fiber to the westernized diet with high in fat, protein, refined carbohydrate, salt and low in fiber seems to be the primary cause of hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipidemia. As we know that hyperlipidemia is one of the major risk factor for coronary heart disease which is known as the third rank cause of death in Indonesia (9.9%). Spirulina, micro blue-green algae, is a food component, which has potential effect to improve blood lipid profile. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of Spirulina on blood lipid profile of hyperlipidemic patients. Therefore, the study was conducted on hyperlipidemic patients who has cholesterol and triglyceride level more than 250 mg/dl and 150 mg/dl respectively, and without any other deseases. The study was implemented in two stages, each of them lasted 4 weeks. The first stage subjected 41 people on low cholesterol diet. In the second stage, subjects who were still hyperlipidemic were divided into two groups, the treatment group consisting of 14 people subjected to low cholesterol diet (300 mg/day) and 7 Spirulina pills three times daily and the control group consisting of 10 people subjected to low cholesterol diet only. The anthropometry measurement and the blood lipid profile determination were conducted at the beginning and the end of the treatment.

Result and Conclusions: The level of cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL-cholesterol levels, significantly decreased in both the treatment and control groups (p < 0.05). The LDL-cholesterol decreased by 19.11 % in the treatment group and 17.13 % in the control group. These results are higher than Nakaya's (1988) 6.1 %. In the Nakaya's study the level decreased by 14.50 % and 12.20 % respectively in the treatment and control group. The HDL-Cholesterol level in the control group significantly increased (p < 0.05). The result indicate that diet has the important role as the supporting therapy for improving lipid profile."

"Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui profil kesehatan gigi mulut serta distribusi frekuensi sosioekonomi dan perilaku dari pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 di RSCM. Studi potong lintang ini dilakukan dengan memberikan kuesioner pada 70 orang pasien dan dianalisis menggunakan uji Pearson. Hasil uji tersebut tidak menunjukkan hubungan bermakna antara pengetahuan, sikap, durasi, dan sosioekonomi pasien terhadap status kesehatan gigi dan mulut (p>0,05). Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan kurangnya pengetahuan pasien diabetes melitus terhadap dampak diabetes melitus terhadap kesehatan gigi dan mulut sedangkan pengetahuan tentang komplikasi diabetes baik. Dari hasil pemeriksaan klinis dapat disimpulkan bahwa kesehatan gigi dan mulut pasien diabetes kurang memuaskan.

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The purpose of this study is to obtain information about the oral health profile, socioeconomic status and dental behavior of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients in RSCM. A cross sectional study was conducted by giving out questionnaire to 70 diabetic patients and were analyzed by Pearson test. There are no significant correlation between diabetic patients’ knowledge, dental behavior, diabetes duration, and socioeconomic status to oral health status. This study showed that patients had lack of awareness of diabetes effects on oral health but good in diabetes complications. From the clinical examination, diabetic patients’ oral health status were not good."

"Latar Belakang Penyakit kusta adalah penyakit infeksi kronik yang disebabkan oleh Mycobacterium leprae. Kusta menyebabkan gangguan fisik, psikologik, dan sosial, yang menurunkan kualitas hidup penderita. Deformitas yang terlihat pada pasien kusta adalah salah satu penyebab utama stigma yang mempengaruhi perilaku pencarian kesehatan dan inklusi sosial. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui profil bentuk dan derajat kecacatan pada pasien kusta di Poliklinik Dermatologi dan Venereologi. Metode Penelitian dilakukan secara retrospektif terhadap data pasien kusta di Rumah Sakit Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo selama periode Januari 2022 - September 2023 dengan variabel penelitian, yaitu usia, jenis kelamin, klasifikasi, bentuk dan derajat cacat, serta tindak lanjut pengobatan cacat kusta. Hasil Pada 83 subjek penelitian, didapatkan paling banyak pasien pada kelompok usia dewasa dengan jenis kelamin laki-laki dan tipe multi basiler. Ditemukan paling banyak pasien dengan cacat kusta dengan didominasi pasien cacat tingkat 1. Frekuensi paling banyak cacat pada ekstermitas atas dan/atau bawah. Tindak lanjut pengobatan pasien cacat kusta menunjukan paling banyak pasien yang tidak dirujuk balik. Kesimpulan Didapatkan profil pasien kusta terkait bentuk dan derajat kecacatan di Rumah Sakit Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. Terdapat rekam medis yang tidak lengkap terhadap pemeriksaan cacat pada pasien kusta.

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Introduction Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Leprosy causes physical, psychological and social disorders, which reduce the quality of life. The deformities seen in leprosy patients are one of the main causes of stigma that influences health-seeking behavior and social inclusion. This research was conducted to determine the profile of the shape and degree of disability in leprosy patients at the Dermatology and Venereology Polyclinic. Method This research was conducted retrospectively on data from leprosy patients at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo during the period January 2022 - September 2023 with research variables, namely age, gender, classification, shape and degree of disability, and the follow-up treatment. Results In the 83 research subjects, the majority of patients were in the adult age group with male gender and multi bacillary type. The highest number of patients with leprosy defects were found, with the majority being patients with grade 1 defects. The highest frequency of defects was in the upper and/or lower extremities. Follow-up treatment of disabled leprosy patients showed that most patients were not referred back. Conclusion Profiles of leprosy patients were obtained regarding the form and degree of disability at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. There are incomplete medical records regarding examinations of defects in leprosy patients."

"[ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Terapi kombinasi antiretroviral (ARV)telah berhasil menurunkan angka morbiditas dan mortalitas pasien HIV, namun efek samping jangka panjang dapat menimbulkan perubahan distribusi lemak tubuh yang dikenal dengan sindrom lipodistrofi. Pasien HIV yang mengalami lipodistrofi berisiko mengalami gangguan metabolik yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya penyakit kardiovaskular.Tujuan: Mengidentifikasi adanya lipodistrofi dan dislipidemia pada pasien prepubertas dengan HIV yang mendapatkan terapi ARV jangka panjang.Metode: Penelitian potong lintang dilakukan pada 76 pasien HIV usia prepubertas yang kontrol rutin di Poli Alergi Imunologi RSCM. Subyek dilakukan pemeriksaan klinis lipodistrofi oleh tenaga klinis terlatih menggunakan kriteria dari the European Paediatric Group of Lipodystrophy. Selain itu juga dilakukan pemeriksaan tebal lipatan kulit (TLK) triceps dan subscapular, lingkar pinggang, serta rasio lingkar pinggang-panggul. Data kadar CD4 awal, status gizi awal terdiagnosis, jenis terapi ARV, dan lama terapi ARV diambil dari rekam medis. Subyek juga dilakukan analisis diet, pemeriksaan profil lipid dan gula darah puasa.Hasil: Pada subyek prepubertas dengan HIV yang mendapatkan terapi ARV yang mengalami lipodistrofi dan dislipidemia berturut-turut sebanyak 47% dan 46%. Subyek yang mengalami lipodistrofi berupa lipohipertrofi (35%), lipoatrofi (5%), dan tipe campuran (7%). Subyek yang mengalami lipodistrofi pada umumnya memiliki massa lemak tubuh, serta TLK triceps dan subscapular yang normal. Pada subyek dengan lipohipertrofi dan tipe campuran seluruhnya memiliki rasio lingkar pinggang-panggul yang meningkat.Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara penggunaan regimen ARV kombinasi 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)+ protease inhibitor (PI) meningkatkan risiko 6,9 kali untuk terjadinya dislipidemia (p=0,001, IK95% 2,03-23,7) dibandingkan regimen 2NRTI+ non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI).Simpulan: Prevalens lipodistrofi dan dislipidemia cukup tinggi pada pasien prepubertas dengan HIV yang mendapatkan terapi ARV. Pada umumnya subyek yang mengalami lipodistrofi pada penelitian ini adalah tipe lipohipertrofi.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Antiretroviral (ARV) combination therapy has significantly reduced morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected children. Long-term adverse effect of ARV is lipodystrophy syndrome. Lipodystrophy associated with metabolic disturbances which can cause cardiovascular disease.Objective: To identify lipodystrophy and dyslipidemia in prepubertal HIV-infected patients receiving long-term ARV therapy.Methods: Cross sectional study including 76 prepuberty HIV-infected children was performed by clinical and medical records review in Allergy Immunology Ward Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Clinical examination of lipodystrophy was assesed by a trained clinician using the European Pediatric Group of Lipodystrophy criteria. We also assesed triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses, waist ratio, and waist-hip ratio. CD4 level and nutritional status at beginning therapy, ARV regiments, and duration ARV therapy were reviewed from medical records. We also performed diet analysis and laboratory examination such as lipid profiles and fasting glucose.Results: Prevalenceof lipodystrophy and dyslipidemia inprepubertalinfected-HIV children who receiving ARV were 47% and 46%. Subjects with lipodystrophy consisted of lipohypertrophy (35%), lipoatrophy (5%), and mixed type (7%). Subjects with lipodystrophy majority had normal triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses and normal total body fat. All subjects with lipohipertrophy and mixed type had an increasing waist-hip ratio. Regiment of 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) + protease inhibitor (PI) increased 6,9 times risk of dyslipidemia compare with 2NRTI+ non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) regiment (p=0,001, 95%CI 2,03-23,7).Conclusion: The prevalence of lipodystrophy and dyslipidemia are high among prepuberty HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy. Majority of subjects with lipodystrophy in this study were lipohypertrophy type., Background: Antiretroviral (ARV) combination therapy has significantly reduced morbidityand mortality in HIV-infected children. Long-term adverse effect of ARV is lipodystrophysyndrome. Lipodystrophy associated with metabolic disturbances which can causecardiovascular disease. Objective: To identify lipodystrophy and dyslipidemia in prepubertal HIV-infected patientsreceiving long-term ARV therapy.Methods: Cross sectional study including 76 prepuberty HIV-infected children wasperformed by clinical and medical records review in Allergy Immunology Ward CiptoMangunkusumo Hospital. Clinical examination of lipodystrophy was assesed by a trainedclinician using the European Pediatric Group of Lipodystrophy criteria. We also assesedtriceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses, waist ratio, and waist-hip ratio. CD4 level andnutritional status at beginning therapy, ARV regiments, and duration ARV therapy werereviewed from medical records. We also performed diet analysis and laboratory examinationsuch as lipid profiles and fasting glucose. Results: Prevalenceof lipodystrophy and dyslipidemia inprepubertalinfected-HIV childrenwho receiving ARV were 47% and 46%. Subjects with lipodystrophy consisted oflipohypertrophy (35%), lipoatrophy (5%), and mixed type (7%). Subjects with lipodystrophymajority had normal triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses and normal total body fat.All subjects with lipohipertrophy and mixed type had an increasing waist-hip ratio. Regimentof 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) + protease inhibitor (PI) increased 6,9times risk of dyslipidemia compare with 2NRTI+ non-nucleoside reverse transcriptaseinhibitor (NNRTI) regiment (p=0,001, 95%CI 2,03-23,7).Conclusion: The prevalence of lipodystrophy and dyslipidemia are high among prepubertyHIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy. Majority of subjects with lipodystrophy inthis study were lipohypertrophy type.]"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran evaluasi anatomis serta fungsional pasien pasca neovagina dengan graft membran amnion. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan desain potong lintang deskriptif. Didapatkan 11 subyek dengan nilai minimum dan maksimum panjang vagina yaitu 7 dan 8 cm. Nilai minimum dan maksimum diameter vagina yaitu 3.5 dan 4.0 cm. Seluruh subyek mempunyai epitelisasi lengkap dan hasil histopatologi sesuai dengan epitel vagina serta tidak didapatkannya komplikasi. Total skor FSFI menunjukkan nilai minimum dan maksimum skor 27.2 dan 31.7, menunjukkan tidak didapatkan disfungsi seksual.

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This study aims to provide an overview of anatomical and functional evaluation of patients post neovagina with amniotic membrane graft. This study was conducted with a descriptive cross-sectional design. Obtained 11 subjects with a minimum and maximum length of the vagina are 7 and 8 cm. The minimum and maximum diameter of the vagina are 3.5 and 4 cm. All subject had complete epithelialization, vaginal epithelium as histopathological result and no complications. Total FSFI score showed the minimum and a maximum score of 27.2 and 31.7, shows no sexual dysfunction."

"Latar BelakangCedera otak traumatis atau traumatic brain injury (TBI) merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian dan kecacatan yang umum terjadi pada anak-anak, orang dewasa hingga umur 24 tahun, dan lansia dengan umur >75 tahun.1–3 Di Amerika Serikat terdapat sekitar 2,87 juta kasus pasien cedera otak traumatis, dimana 2,5 juta pasien masuk ke Instalasi Gawat Darurat, termasuk lebih dari 812.000 pasien anak-anak. Di Indonesia sendiri, menurut Riskesdas 2018, prevalensi kejadian cedera kepala di Indonesia berada pada angka 11,9%.2 Pada penelitian ini, akan dilakukan pengumpulan serta pengolahan data terkait profil diagnosis cedera kepala yang dioperasi. Data yang terkumpul dapat digunakan oleh pihak terkait untuk menilai resiko, prevalensi, diagnosis, dan tatalaksana operatif cedera kepala.MetodeMetode penelitian melibatkan data retrospektif terhadap pasien yang menjalani tatalaksana operatif akibat cedera kepala di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo pada tahun 2016 hingga 2020. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif observasional dengan metode consecutive sampling.HasilPopulasi yang masuk dalam kriteri studi berjumlah 219 pasien. Terdiri dari, 176 pria (80,37%) dan 43 wanita (19,63%) dengan rata-rata umur 28,66. Kelompok umur terbanyak adalah kelompok umur remaja akhir (17-25 tahun) (Tabel 1 & 2). Diagnosis tersering yang ditemukan adalah epidural hematoma sebesar 54,34% (n = 119). Jenis tatalaksana tersering adalah kraniotomi (54,74%; n = 120). Dari 219 mengenai GCS dan penyebab trauma tersedia untuk 80 pasien. GCS 14-15 atau mild TBI adalah pasien terbanyak (43,59%; n = 34), dengan penyebab terbanyak adalah kecelakaan lalu lintas (63,75%; n = 51)KesimpulanPasien cedera kepala yang dioperasi di RSCM pada tahun 2016-2020, umumnya mengalami mild TBI (GCS 14-15). Peneybab tersering adalah akibat kecelakaan lalu lintas. Jumlah pasien laki-laki dibandingkan perempuan adalah 4 : 1. Rata-rata umur pasien adalah 28,66. Kelompok umur terbanyak adalah kelompok umur 17-25 tahun. Epidural hematoma adalah diagnosis yang tersering yang ditemukan pada populasi studi. Kemudian jenis tatalaksana yang tersering adalah kraniotomi.

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Background

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common cause of death and disability in children, adults up to 24 years of age, and elderly people aged >75 years. 1–3 In the United States there are approximately 2, 87 million cases of traumatic brain injury patients, of which 2.5 million patients were admitted to the Emergency Department, including more than 812,000 pediatric patients. In Indonesia itself, according to Riskesdas 2018, the prevalence of head injuries in Indonesia is 11.9%.2 In this research, data will be collected and processed regarding the diagnosis profile of head injuries that are operated on. The collected data can be used by related parties to assess the risk, prevalence, diagnosis and operative management of head injuries.

Methods

The research method involved retrospective data on patients who underwent operative treatment for head injuries at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from 2016 to 2020. This research design used an observational descriptive design with a consecutive sampling method.

Results

The population included in the study criteria was 219 patients. Consisting of 176 men (80.37%) and 43 women (19.63%) with an average age of 28.66. The largest age group is the late teenage age group (17-25 years) (Table 1 & 2). The most common diagnosis found was epidural hematoma at 54.34% (n = 119). The most common type of treatment was craniotomy (54.74%; n = 120). Of the 219 questions regarding GCS and causes of trauma were available for 80 patients. GCS 14-15 or mild TBI was the most common patient (43.59%; n = 34), with the most common cause being traffic accidents (63.75%; n = 51).

Conclusion

Head injury patients operated on at RSCM in 2016-2020 generally experienced mild TBI (GCS 14-15). The most common cause is a traffic accident. The number of male patients compared to female is 4: 1. The average age of patients is 28.66. The largest age group is the 17-25 year age group. Epidural hematoma was the most common diagnosis encountered in the study population. Then the most common type of treatment is craniotomy."