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"Latar beakang. Bulan Ramadan adalah bulan yang suci untuk umat Muslim. Pada bulan ini umat muslim tidak makan, minum, merokok dari sejak terbit matahari, hingga terbenam matahari. Tidak hanya orang sehat yang berpuasa, pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2) juga akan berpuasa di luar keringanan yang sudah diberikan. Hal ini menjadikan puasa Ramadan adalah cara yang unik untuk mempelajari efek dari perubahan pola makan. Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan puasa Ramadan mempunyai efek positif terhadap disfungsi endotel, akan tetapi hasilnya tidak konsisten. Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) merupakan salah satu penanda biologi fungsi endotel yang dapat digunakan untuk menilai disfungsi endotel. Tujuan. Untuk mengetahui perubahan kadar ICAM-1 pada pasien DMT2 selama puasa Ramadan. Dan mengetahui perbedaan perubahan kadar ICAM-1 pada pasien DMT2 dibandingkan dengan non diabetes melitus (DM). Metode. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kohort retrospektif. Sebanyak 26 pasien DMT2 dan 21 pasang pasien DMT2 dan non DM (usia 19-60 tahun) dengan matching usia diikutsertakan dalam penelitian ini. Pengukuran parameter metabolik (tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik, total asupan kalori dan intensitas aktivitas fisik) dan antropometri (Berat badan, indeks massa tubuh (IMT) dan lingkar perut) dan komposisi makanan (Karbohidrat, lemak, protein) dan analisis laboratorium (glukosa darah puasa, HbA1c, profil lipid, ICAM-1) diperiksa pada 2-4 minggu sebelum puasa Ramadan (T0) dan setidaknya 14 hari puasa Ramadan (T1). Hasil Penelitian. Rerata kadar ICAM pada pasien DMT2 pada T0 335,9 ± 89 ng/ml dan pada T1 median 344 (193-505) ng/ml. Delta rerata kadar ICAM-1 pada pasien DMT2 adalah -12,41 ± 107,24 ng/ml dan Median pada non DM adalah -52 (-279- 42) ng/ml Kesimpulan. Tidak didapatkan perubahan bermakna kadar ICAM-1 pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 selama puasa Ramadan (p 0.228), dan tidak didapatkan perbedaan perubahan kadar ICAM-1 pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 dibandingkan dengan non diabetes melitus selama puasa Ramadan (p 0,237).

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Background. The month of Ramadan is a holy month for Muslims. During this month, Muslims do not eat, drink and smoke from sunrise to sunset. Not only healthy people who fast, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) will also fast outside of the relief that has been given. This makes the fast of Ramadan a unique way to study the effects of dietary changes. Previous studies have shown that Ramadan fasting has a positive effect on endothelial dysfunction, but the results have been inconsistent. Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is a biological marker of endothelial function that can be used to assess endothelial dysfunction. Aim. To determine the changes ICAM-1 levels in T2DM patients during Ramadan fasting, And to determine the changes of ICAM-1 level in DMT2 patient compared ton non DM during Ramadan fasting. Methods. A retrospective cohort study was performed. A total of 26 T2DM patients and 21 pairs of T2DM and non-DM patients (aged 19-60 years) with age-matched were included in this study. Measurement of metabolic parameters (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total calorie intake and intensity of physical activity) and anthropometry (body weight, body mass index (BMI) and abdominal circumference) and food composition (carbohydrates, fats, proteins) and laboratory analysis (blood glucose fasting, HbA1c, lipid profile, ICAM-1) were examined 2-4 weeks before fasting Ramadan (T0) and at least 14 days of fasting during Ramadan (T1). Result. The mean ICAM level in T2DM patients was at T0 335.9 ± 89 ng/ml and at T1 the median was 344 (193-505) ng/ml. The mean delta level of ICAM-1 in T2DM patients is -12.41 ± 107.24 ng/ml and the median delta level in non-DM is -52 (-279-42) ng/ml Conclusion. There was no significant change ICAM-1 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus during Ramadan fasting (p 0.228), and there was no difference in changes ICAM-1 levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients compared with non-diabetes mellitus during Ramadan fasting (p 0.237)."

"Latar belakang. Hubungan antara inflamasi dan koagulasi telah banyak dijelaskan, dimana molekul adhesi memiliki peranan penting dalam inflamasi. Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) dan soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) tampak berkaitan dengan trombosis pada beberapa penelitian sebelumnya. Molekul-molekul tersebut meningkat pada stenosis mitral (SM) namun bagaimana hubungannya dengan derajat trombosis atrium kiri belum diketahui. Metode. Pasien SM derajat sedang-berat (tanpa adanya regurgitasi mitral signifikan) yang menjalani pemeriksan ekokardiografi transesofageal diikutsertakan secara konsekutif sejak September-Oktober 2013. Penilaian gradasi trombosis atrium kiri dilakukan untuk mengkategorikan mereka menjadi kelompok non-trombus dengan left atrial spontaneous echo contrast (LASEC) tebal, dan kelompok non-trombus tanpa LASEC tebal, dan kelompok trombus. Kadar sICAM-1 dan sVCAM-1 dari vena perifer diukur dengan teknik enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. Hasil. Sebanyak 39 subyek penelitian dengan rerata usia 40,97±9,61 tahun, 71,8% berjenis kelamin perempuan, dan 67,7% memiliki irama fibrilasi atrium. Evaluasi terhadap gradasi trombosis atrium kiri (kelompok non-trombus tanpa LASEC tebal, kelompok non-trombus dengan LASEC tebal, dan kelompok trombus) menunjukkan kadar sICAM-1 sebesar 284,74 (218,79-321) ng/mL, 346,86 (125,68-698,12) ng/mL, dan 395,93 (171,44-1021,53) ng/mL secara berurutan (p=0,280). Kadar sVCAM-1 pada 3 kelompok tersebut sebesar 729,01 (543,93-967,8) ng/mL, 1066 (581,36-2470,6) ng/mL, dan 1158 (668,66-2498,3) ng/mL secara berurutan (p=0,016). Analisis multivariat menunjukkan fibrilasi atrium dan area katup mitral yang mempengaruhi gradasi trombosis. Kesimpulan. Terdapat perbedaan kadar sVCAM-1 pada kelompok menurut gradasi trombosis atrium kiri pada SM, namun pengaruh sVCAM-1 terhadap gradasi trombosis atrium kiri dipengaruhi oleh fibrilasi atrium dan area katup mitral.

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Background. The relationship between inflammation and coagulation has been widely described while adhesion molecules takes important role in inflammation. Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) seemed to be related to thrombosis in previous studies. Those molecules increase in mitral stenosis (MS) but their relationship with left atrial thrombosis gradation is still unknown.

Methods. Patients with moderate-severe MS (without any significant mitral regurgitation) who underwent transesophageal echocardiography were recruited consecutively in September-October 2013. They were divided into three categories of left atrial thrombosis gradation: non-thrombus without dense LASEC group, non-thrombus with dense LASEC group, and thrombus group. sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 levels in peripheral vein were determined by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay technique.

Results. A total of 39 subjects were enrolled in this study with a mean age of 40,97±9,61 year, 71,8% of them were female, and 67,7% of them had atrial fibrillation. Evaluation on left atrial thrombosis gradation (non-thrombus with dense LASEC group, non-thrombus without dense LASEC group, and thrombus group) showed that sICAM-1 levels were 284,74 (218,79-321) ng/mL, 346,86 (125,68-698,12) ng/mL, and 395,93 (171,44-1021,53) ng/mL, cosecutively (p=0,280). sVCAM-1 levels were 729,01(543,93-967,8) ng/mL, 1066 (581,36-2470,6) ng/mL, and 1158 (668,66-2498,3) ng/mL, consecutively (p=0,016). Multivariate analysis showed that AF and MVA influence thrombosis gradation.

Conclusion. Difference in sVCAM-1 levels was found among left atrial thrombosis gradation groups in mitral stenosis, but its effect on thrombosis gradation was influenced by atrial fibrillation and mitral valve area."

"Latar Belakang: ALDH1A1 merupakan gen yang meregulasi diferensiasi dan proliferasi sel dengan jalur asam retinoat. Telah dikenal sebagai gen pluripotensi, ALDH1A1 dapat ditemukan pada Cancer Stem Cell (CSC) dan Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) seperti Adipose-derived Stem Cell (ASC) dan Umbilical Cord Stem Cells (UCSC). Studi ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan relatif ekspresi gen ALDH1A1 pada ASC dan UCSC terhadap ALDH+ Breast CSC (BCSC). Metode: One-step qRT-PCR dilakukan untuk mendeteksi ekspresi mRNA ALDH1A1 pada ekstraksi RNA ASC, UCSC, dan BCSC. Hasil PCR dianalisis dengan BCSC menjadi ekspresi relatif setelah data dinormalisasikan oleh gen 18S.Hasil: Ekspresi gen ALDH1A1 relatif ditemukan lebih tinggi secara signifikan pada ASC dibandingkan UCSC. Sementara itu, ALDH1A1 lebih rendah diekspresikan pada MSC dibandingkan BCSC.Konklusi: ASC memiliki kemampuan pluripotensi lebih baik dibandingkan UCSCs pada aspek ALDH1A1. Hal ini disebabkan oleh kemampuan spesifik yang dimiliki ALDH1A1 untuk proliferasi dan diferensiasi ASC.

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Background: ALDH1A1 is a gene which regulates the cell differentiation and proliferation through retinoic acid pathway. Being a renowned pluripotent gene, ALDH1A1 could be found in both cancer stem cells (CSCs) and human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) such as Adipose-derived Stem Cells (ASCs) and Umbilical Cord Stem Cells (UCSCs). This research aimed to compare the expression of ALDH1A1 gene in ASCs and UCSCs relatively towards ALDH+ Breast CSCs (BCSCs).

Method: A one-step qRT-PCR was done to detect the mRNA levels of ALDH1A1 gene in the RNA extraction of ASCs, UCSCs, and BCSCs. The PCR result was analyzed into relative expression with BCSCs, after being normalized with housekeeping 18S gene.

Results: The expression of ALDH1A1 was found to be significantly higher in ASCs than UCSCs, relatively. Furthermore, ALDH1A1 gene was expressed lower in MSCs than BCSCs.

Conclusion: ASCs are discovered to be better in pluripotent capability than UCSCs in the aspect of ALDH1A1. This finding signifies the specific role of ALDH1A1, resulting in contribution of differentiation and proliferative capability to ASCs.

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"ABSTRACTThe aim of this prospective multi center registry was to evaluate the safety and clinical performance of INTERCEED® in laparoscopic colorectal surgery.MethodsThis study was a prospective, multi center, single arm registry wherein patients who received INTERCEED® in laparoscopic colorectal surgery were registered consecutively (UMIN CTR 00001872). The primary outcome was the incidence rate of postoperative adhesive small intestinal obstruction within 6 months. The secondary outcomes were reoperation related to postoperative bleeding and anastomotic leak, surgical site infection (SSI) and anastomotic leak.ResultsBetween March 2012 and March 2015, a total of 202 patients were enrolled from six institutions. INTERCEED® was not applied in two patients, so 200 patients were analyzed using the full analysis set population. The incidence rate of postoperative adhesive intestinal obstruction was 1,0% (2/200). The total SSI rate was 3,5% (7/200), the deep incisional SSI rate was 0,0% (0/200), and the organ SSI rate was 0,0% (0/200). The incidence of anastomotic leak was 1,0% (2/200). Reoperation was performed in two cases: one for anastomotic leak and the other as cardiac surgery due to heart disease.ConclusionsUsing INTERCEED® in laparoscopic colorectal surgery is safe and may be useful for preventing postoperative adhesive small intestinal obstruction."

"Latar Belakang. Subjek first degree relatives (FDR) diabetes mellitus (DM) tipe 2 berisiko berkembang menjadi DM tipe 2 dan kejadian aterosklerosis lebih tinggi daripada subjek tanpa riwayat orang tua dengan DM tipe 2. Studi ini bertujuan untuk melihat perbedaaan rerata kadar Adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP) yang berperan dalam berkembangnya DM tipe 2 maupun aterosklerosis, dan Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) sebagai penanda disfungsi endotel pada kelompok FDR DM tipe 2 dan kelompok non-FDR DM tipe 2. Serta melihat korelasi A-FABP dan ICAM-1 pada FDR DM tipe 2.Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan bagian dari payung penelitian FDR tahun 2018, dengan desain potong lintang, yang memeriksakan kadar A-FABP dan ICAM-1 serum dengan metode sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Subjek yang dilibatkan berusia 19 tahun sampai di bawah usia 40 tahun, yang normotensi dan normoglikemia. Serum yang diambil disimpan dalam suhu -80°C. Hasil yang ada dilanjutkan analisis beda rerata dan uji korelasi kelompok FDR dan non-FDR.Hasil dan Diskusi. Dari 115 subjek normoglikemi normotensi, didapatkan kadar A-FABP yang lebih tinggi pada FDR DM tipe 2 dibandingkan non-FDR DM tipe 2 dengan median (rentang interkuartil) berturut-turut 5,44 ng/ml (3,99-6,40) dan 4,99 ng/ml (3,35-6,70), namun tidak bermakna secara statistik (p=0,54). Demikian juga kadar ICAM-1 pada populasi FDR DM tipe 2 yang tidak berbeda bermakna dibandingkan kelompok non-FDR DM tipe 2, dengan median 276,70 ng/ml (230,60-375,20) dan 272,55 ng/ml (223,95-318,22) berturut-turut (0=0,21). Tidak ditemukan korelasi bermakna A-FABP dan ICAM-1 pada FDR DM tipe 2 (p=0,276).

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Background. The subject of first-degree relatives (FDR) diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 had a risk of developing into type 2 DM and the incidence of atherosclerosis was higher than subjects without parents with type 2 DM. This study aims to see the mean difference of adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP) level which plays role in the development of type 2 DM and atherosclerosis, and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) level as a marker of endothelial dysfunction between FDR type 2 DM group and the non-FDR type 2 DM group. Moreover, to see the A-FABP and ICAM-1 correlation on FDR DM type 2.

Method. This study is part of FDR study held on 2018. Normotensive and normoglycemic subjects aged 19 to under 40 years old were included. The extracted serum was stored at -80C. Serum A-FABP and ICAM-1 levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The results were followed by a mean difference analysis and a correlation test for the FDR and non-FDR groups.

Results and Discussion. Of the 115 subjects, A-FABP levels were higher in FDR type 2 DM than in non-FDR type 2 DM with median (interquartile range) of 5,44 ng/ml (3,99-6,40) and 4,99 ng/ml (3,35-6,70) respectively, and not statistically significant (p=0,54). Likewise, the level of ICAM-1 in FDR type 2 DM subjects was not statistically significant different from non-FDR type 2 DM subjects, with a median of 276.70 ng / ml (230.60-375.20) and 272.55 ng / ml (223.95-318.22) respectively (0 = 0.21). There was no significant correlation between A-FABP and ICAM-1 in FDR type 2 DM (p=0,276).

Conclusion. There were no significant differences of A-FABP and ICAM-1 levels between FDR and non-FDR type 2 DM groups. There were no correlation between A-FABP and ICAM-1 in the FDR type 2 DM group."

"In this volume, a group of internationally recognized experts reviews AJ biology over a wide range of organization, from atoms to molecules, to protein complexes, molecular networks, cells, tissues, and overall animal development. AJs have also been an integral part of animal evolution, and play central roles in cancer development, pathogen infection and other diseases. This book addresses major questions encompassing AJ biology. How did AJs evolve? How do cadherins and catenins interact to assemble AJs and mediate adhesion? How do AJs interface with other cellular machinery to couple adhesion with the whole cell? How do AJs affect cell behaviour and multicellular development? How can abnormal AJ activity lead to disease?"

"Maen pukulan merupakan budaya Betawi yang mengandung unsur olah raga, budaya, spiritual, dan bela diri. Ia merupakan warisan yang hidup pada masyarakat Betawi serta Jakarta dan sekitarnya. Satu aliran maen pukulan yang relatif lama, eksis, dan populer pada masa kini ialah Beksi Tradisional H. Hasbullah. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah mengkaji penggunaan memori kolektif pada perguruan maen pukulan Beksi Tradisional H. Hasbullah sebagai bagian dari budaya masyarakat Betawi dilihat dari sistem pewarisan dan pengelolaan perguruan pada masa kini. Pada perguruan tersebut, memori yang terpelihara terbagi menjadi memori individu yang teraplikasi pada guru maen pukul dan memori kolektif yang terdapat pada komunitas. Menggunakan tiga teori mengenai memori kolektif oleh Rubin, Bernecker, dan Halbwachs ditemukan bahwa maen pukulan Beksi Tradisional H. Hasbullah berkembang menggunakan memori kolektif para guru, murid, serta masyarakat yang menanggap pertunjukan Beksi. Ditemukan pula memori individu guru membentuk pola pewarisan yang ia pilih bagi muridnya serta tipe pengelolaan yang digunakan dalam kepengurusan perguruan. Memori kolektif berperan pada pertunjukan yang mengandung Beksi di dalamnya. Memori menjadi panduan ketika terjadi perbedaan walau di sisi lain, memori yang tereduksi menyebabkan terjadinya pengerucutan pakem pertunjukan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan pentingnya peran memori kolektif untuk eksistensi dan perkembangan maen pukulan di masa depan.

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Maen pukulan is a part of Betawinese tradition that contains sport, cultural, spiritual, and martial arts elements. It is a living heritage among Betawinese community and is found in Jakarta and its surrounding areas. A relatively old school of maen pukulan which still exists and popular today is the H. Hasbullah’s Traditional Beksi. This research aims to investigate the use of collective memory in the current Maen Pukulan Beksi Traditional H.Hasbullah schools as a part of Betawinese culture related to its cultural inheritance pattern and management. At the maen pukulan schools, there are two types of preserved memory. The first is individual memory which is applied by the maen pukulan gurus and the second is collective memory which is found among the community. Using three theories about collective memory by Rubin, Bernecker, and Halbwachs, it is found that the traditional maen pukulan Beksi of H. Hasbullah has developed through the collective memory of the gurus, students, and the publics who perceive the Beksi performance. It is also found that individual memory of the gurus forms an inheritance pattern which they choose for their students and the type of management use at the maen pukulan school organisation. Collective memory has its role in the performance that contains Beksi in it. The memory, on the one hand, becomes their guide when there is a dispute about Beksi. On the other hand, reduced memory has caused some changes and reduction, along with the continuity in the maen pukulan Beksi performance. This research shows the important role of collective memory in maintaining the existence and development of maen pukulan in the future."

"Dalam fabrikasi suatu pipa, diperlukan suatu perlindungan agar pipa terhindar dari serangan korosi. Salah satu metode yang banyak digunakan adalah pelapisan organik dikarenakan mudah untuk dilakukan. Sayangnya, pengaplikasian metode ini membutuhkan waktu yang cukup lama sehingga menghambat proses fabrikasi. Sekarang ini telah terdapat produk cat yang memiliki waktu pengeringan yang cepat. Dilakukan perbandingan antara produk lama (X) dengan produk baru (Y) untuk mengetahui produk mana yang lebih cepat dan memiliki kualitas yang lebih baik dari segi ketahanan korosi dan daya lekat cat. Dilakukan juga metode preparasi dengan tingkat kebersihan Sa 2,5 dan Sa 3 serta peningkatan temperatur saat aplikasi dilakukan. Tingkat ketahanan korosi diketahui dengan pengujian sembur kabut garam dan daya lekat cat diketahui dengan pengujian adhesi. Untuk mengecek apakah terdapat cacat setelah pengecatan, dilakukan pengujian holiday. Dari pengujian sembur kabut garam didapatkan kedua produk memiliki ketahanan korosi yang sama baik pada metode scratch maupun metode unscratch. Namun, dari metode unscratch didapatkan blister pada permukaan produk X tetapi tampilannya lebih mengkilap. Untuk nilai daya lekat yang tinggi, didapatkan pada produk Y. Penggunaan perbedaan tingkat kebersihan tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kualitas cat, kemudian penggunaan temperatur yang lebih tinggi dan penggunaan produk Y dapat mempercepat waktu pengeringan.

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In fabricating a pipe, a protective is necessary to avoid corrosion attack. One method that is widely used is organic coating because it’s easy to do. Unfortunately, application of this method requires a long time thus inhibiting the process of fabrication. Now it has been found a new paint product that has a fast drying time.

Comparison between the old product (X) with a new product (Y) is conducted to determine which products are faster and have better quality in terms of corrosion resistance and paint adhesion. Different preparation methods also performed with the level of cleanliness Sa 2.5 and Sa 3 as well as increasing the temperature at which the application is done. The level of corrosion resistance is known by salt spray test and paint adhesion is known by adhesion test. To check whether there are defects after painting, holiday test is performed.

From salt spray test, obtained the two products have the same corrosion resistance both in the scratch method and unscratched method. However, from unscratched method, obtained that in surface of product X appears blister but it looks shinier. For the higher adhesion, it's obtained on product Y. The use of differences in the level of cleanliness has no significant effect on the quality of the paint, then the use of higher temperatures and product Y can speed up the drying time."

"Fabrikasi Polyelectrolyte Bilayer - Modified Zeolite (PEB - MZ) dilakukan dengan mengadsorpsikan zeolit aktif Clinoptilolite dengan polikation Polyallylamine Hydr°Chloride (PAH) dan polianion Polystyrene Sulfonate (PSS) menggunakan teknik Layer by Layer (LbL). PEB - MZ ini dimanfaatkan untuk mengadsorpsi surfaktan kationik exadecyltrimethyl ammonium Bromide (HDTMA-Br) dan anionik Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS). Proses adsorpsi antara polyelectrolyte bilayer dengan surfaktan kationik dan anionik diamati menggunakan Spektrofotometer UV - Vis dan FT - IR. Penelitian ini untuk memfabrikasi PEB - MZ dengan teknik LbL , mencari kondisi optimum adsorpsi HDTMA+ pada PEB - MZ, menentukan metode urutan adsorpsi surfaktan dan mempelajari kestabilan interaksi polielektrolit - surfaktan. PEB - MZ telah berhasil dibuat ditandai dengan spektrum FTIR yang menunjukkan gugus - gugus fungsi dari PAH dan PSS. Didapatkan kondisi optimum adsorpsi surfaktan kationik pada PEB - MZ pada konsentrasi HDTMA-Br 0,04 M (93,92% teradsorpsi), waktu pengadukan 60 menit, pH 8,0. Jika dibandingkan, daya adsorpsi HDTMA+ pada PEB - MZ 5,35 kali lebih besar daripada nilai ECEC zeolit aktif saja. Interaksi surfaktan dengan polielektrolit sangat kuat, dibuktikan dengan % desorpsi hanya mencapai 6,59% dengan pencucian menggunakan HCl 0,01 N sebanyak 3 kali pada temperatur ruang, dan 4,82% dengan HCl 0,01 N sebanyak 1 kali pada temperatur 60°C."

"Indonesian Journal of Dentistry 2006; Edisi Khusus KPPIKG XIV; 397-399The purpose of this study was to determine the difference between intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) cytokine content in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) on healthy periodontal and chronic periodontitis. It was also determine the treatment effects of hydrogen peroxide as subgingival irrigation in chronic periodontitis. Twenty participants were examined in this study. Gingival fluid collection method was carry out with strip paper technique and analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The result of the study showed that there was a significant difference of ICAM-1 on healthy site and periodontitis site, and there was a significant change of ICAM-1 content after treatment (p<0.05). We concluded that ICAM-1 in GCF is a sensitive indicator to differentiate healthy sites from those with periodontitis."