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"Latar Belakang Tuberkulosis (TB) adalah penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh Mycobacterium tuberculosis, dengan resistensi obat menjadi tantangan utama dalam pengobatannya. Indonesia menempati peringkat kedua kasus TB terbanyak di dunia, dan banyak faktor seperti usia, jenis kelamin, komorbid dan faktor lain yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan pengobatan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan faktor-faktor yang mendukung keberhasilan pengobatan TB resisten di RSUP Persahabatan, terutama selama periode 2018–2022, dan untuk memberikan rekomendasi kebijakan yang lebih baik. Metode Penelitian ini adalah studi dengan pendekatan cross-sectional, menggunakan data rekam medis pasien TB-RO paru di RSUP Persahabatan Jakarta dari 2018 hingga 2022. Kriteria inklusi adalah pasien ≥ 15 tahun yang terdiagnosis TB-RO paru, sedangkan kriteria eksklusi mencakup rekam medis tidak lengkap, pasien dalam pengobatan, atau yang dipindahkan ke rumah sakit lain. Dengan sampel minimal 87 orang, analisis data dilakukan menggunakan SPSS 27.0, dengan uji normalitas Kolmogorov-Smirnov dan Uji Chi Square untuk kelompok kategorik. Hasil Dari 160 pasien, 75 (46,87 %) sembuh, dan 85 (53,12 %) tidak sembuh. Tidak ada korelasi yang signifikan antara usia (p=0.99), jenis kelamin (p=0.25), IMT (p=0.26), pendidikan (p=0.93), jenis resistensi (p=0.57), penyakit komorbid berupa diabetes melitus tipe 2 (p=)0.60, dan HIV(p=0.22), kebiasaan merokok (p=0.84), beban bakteri (p=0.14), dan kepatuhan (dengan atau tanpa pengawasan minum obat/PMO) (p=0.38). Kesimpulan Angka keberhasilan pengobatan TB-RO di RSUP Persahabatan 2018-2022 adalah 46,87%, dengan faktor-faktor seperti usia, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, IMT, komorbid, merokok, bacterial load, dan kepatuhan (ada/tidak PMO) tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kesembuhan.

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Background Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with drug resistance representing a significant challenge in its treatment. Indonesia has the second highest number of TB cases in the world, with numerous factors, including age, gender, comorbid and other factors, influencing the success of treatment. This study aimed to identify factors that facilitate the successful treatment of drug resistant TB at RSUP Persahabatan, particularly during the period 2018-2022, and to provide more effective policy recommendations. Methods This was a cross-sectional study, utilizing medical record data of patients with pulmonary O-TB at RSUP Persahabatan Jakarta from 2018 to 2022. In order to be included in the study, patients had to be at least 15 years of age and have been diagnosed with pulmonary TB-RO. Patients who did not meet these criteria were excluded from the study, including those with incomplete medical records, those who were taking medication, and those who had been transferred to other hospitals. A minimum sample size of 87 individuals was utilized for data analysis, which was conducted using the SPSS 27.0 software. This involved the application of both the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test and the Chi- Square test for categorical groups. Results Of the 160 patients, 75 (46.87%) were cured, while 85 (53.12%) were not. No significant correlation was identified between age (p=0.99), gender (p=0.25), BMI (p=0.26), education (p=0.93), type of resistance (p=0.57), comorbid diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (p=0.60), and HIV (p=0.22), smoking habits (p=0.84), bacterial load (p=0.14), and compliance (with or without medication supervision/PMO) (p=0.38). Conclusion The success rate of DR-TB treatment at RSUP Persahabatan from 2018 to 2022 was 46.87%. No significant effect was observed for any of the following factors: age, gender, education, BMI, comorbidities, smoking, bacterial load, and compliance (with or without PMO) on the likelihood of a cure."

"Berdasarkan data SITB per 2 Februari 2022, terdapat 8306 kasus TB-RR/MDR terkonfirmasi melalui pemeriksaan laboratorium. Keberhasilan pengobatan TB MDR di Indonesia tahun 2021 belum mencapai target dan termasuk rendah dibandingkan dengan global yaitu sebesar 45%. Penelitian bertujuan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan keberhasilan pengobatan pasien TB MDR di RSUP Persahabatan tahun 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi kohort retrospektif. Penelitian menggunakan data sekunder dari rekam medis pasien TB MDR yang berobat di RSUP Persahabatan tahun 2019 yang dilihat sejak awal pengobatan hingga didapatkan hasil akhir pengobatan. Terdapat 273 sampel yang sesuai kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Data dianalisis menggunakan IBM SPSS Statistics 25 dengan uji chi-square, dengan RR untuk mengetahui derajat hubungan antar variabel dan dan p < 0,05 sebagai batas kemaknaan. Pada hasil analisis diketahui umur (p=0,000; RR=1,603 95CI% 1,251–2,055), jenis kelamin (p=0,749; RR=1,045 95CI% 0,798–1,369), pendidikan (p=0,165; RR=1,228 95CI% 0,929–1.634), pekerjaan (p=0,298; RR=0,893 95CI% 0,8723–1,103), status pernikahan (p=0,000; RR=1,932 95%CI 1,318–2,833), wilayah tempat tinggal (p=0,092, RR=1,288 95%CI 0,933–1,779), hasil pemeriksaan sputum awal (p=0,272; RR=1,126 95%CI 0,911–1,191), interval inisiasi pengobatan (p=0,021; RR=0,698 95%CI 0,494–0,986). Faktor yang memiliki hubungan signifikan secara statistik dengan keberhasilan pengobatan adalah umur, status pernikahan, dan interval inisiasi pengobatan.Based on SITB data as of February 2, 2022, there were 8306 confirmed cases of RR/MDR TB through laboratory tests. The success of MDR TB treatment in Indonesia in 2021 has not reached the target and is low compared to global, which is 45%. This study aims to identify factors associated with successful treatment of MDR TB patients at Persahabatan Hospital in 2019. This study used a retrospective cohort study design. The study used secondary data from the medical records of MDR TB patients who were treated at the Friendship Hospital in 2019 which were seen from the beginning of treatment until the final results of treatment were obtained. There were 273 samples that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 25 with chi-square test, with RR to determine the degree of relationship between variables and p < 0.05 as the limit of significance. The results of the analysis showed that age (p=0.000; RR=1.603 95CI% 1.251–2.055), gender (p=0.749; RR=1.045 95CI% 0.798–1.369), education (p=0.165; RR=1.228 95CI% 0.929– 1.634), occupation (p=0.298; RR=0.893 95CI% 0.8723–1.103), marital status (p=0.000; RR=1.932 95%CI 1.318–2.833), area of ​​residence (p=0.092, RR=1.288 95%CI 0.933–1.779), results of initial sputum examination (p=0.272; RR=1.126 95%CI 0.911–1.191), treatment initiation interval (p=0.021; RR=0.698 95%CI 0.494–0.986). Factors that had a statistically significant relationship with treatment success were age, marital status, and treatment initiation interval."

"Latar belakang: Kompleksitas pengobatan TB RO berupa durasi pengobatan yang panjang, penggunaan beberapa obat lini kedua, toksisitas obat, dan interaksi obat akibat multidrug use dapat menyebabkan efek samping pengobatan pada pasien. Hal ini dapat mengurangi efektivitas pengobatan dan memengaruhi luaran pengobatan TB RO. Tujuan: Untuk melihat efek samping obat/kejadian tidak diinginkan terhadap luaran pengobatan TB RO.Metode: Penelitian observasional dengan desain kohort retrospektif ini dilakukan di RSUP Persahabatan, Jakarta. Sumber data adalah data sekunder dari sistem informasi tuberkulosis (SITB) yang melibatkan pasien TB RO yang menjalani pengobatan di tahun 2021 – 2023. Metode sampling berupa total sampling. Analisis data bivariat antara KTD dengan luaran pengobatan TB RO berupa Cox regresi dan uji Log-Rank, yang kemudian dilanjutkan dengan analisis multivariat menggunakan Extended Cox Regresi.Hasil: Dari 583 subjek yang diikutsertakan dalam penelitian ini, insidens luaran pengobatan tidak berhasil sebanyak 40,65%. Sebanyak 12,69% pasien mengalami efek samping berat. Sebagian besar efek samping terjadi pada fase intensif pengobatan TB RO (43,57%). Jenis efek samping yang paling sering dialami pada pasien adalah gangguan gastrointestinal (79,25%), gangguan muskuloskeletal (58,32%), dan gangguan saraf (49,40%). Efek samping berupa KTD berat/serius tidak memiliki asosiasi yang signifikan terhadap terjadinya pengobatan tidak berhasil berdasarkan hasil analisis Cox regresi bivariat (HR=0,823; 95% CI: 0,558-1,216; p=0,329) dan analisis multivariat Extended Cox regresi (setelah dikontrol oleh variabel kovariat). Probabilitas survival antara kelompok dengan KTD berat dan kelompok non-KTD berat tidak berbeda bermakna. Kesimpulan: pemantauan efek samping selama pengobatan TB RO berlangsung merupakan hal yang penting untuk menunjang keberhasilan pengobatan.

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Background: The complexity of treating drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR TB) involves prolonged treatment duration, the use of several second-line drugs, drug toxicity, and drug interactions due to multidrug use, which can lead to adverse drug reactions in patients. These issues can reduce treatment effectiveness and affect treatment outcomes for DR TB.

Objective: To investigate the impact of adverse drug reactions/adverse events on DR TB treatment outcomes.

Methods: This observational study utilized a retrospective cohort design conducted at RSUP Persahabatan, Jakarta. The data source was secondary data from the tuberculosis information system (SITB) involving DR TB patients who underwent treatment between 2021 and 2023. The sampling method was total sampling. Bivariate data analysis between adverse events and TB RO treatment outcomes involved Cox regression and Log Rank tests, followed by multivariate analysis using Extended Cox Regression.

Results: Among the 583 subjects included in this study, the incidence of unsuccessful treatment outcomes was 40.65%. Severe adverse drug reactions were experienced by 12.69% of patients. Most adverse reactions occurred during the intensive phase of TB RO treatment (43.57%). The most common types of adverse reactions experienced by patients were gastrointestinal disorders (79.25%), musculoskeletal disorders (58.32%), and neurological disorders (49.40%). Severe/serious adverse reactions did not have a significant association with unsuccessful treatment outcomes based on the results of the bivariate Cox regression analysis (HR=0.823; 95% CI: 0.558-1.216; p=0.329) and the multivariate Extended Cox regression analysis (after adjusting for covariate variables). The survival probability between the group with severe adverse reactions and the non- severe adverse reactions group did not differ significantly.

Conclusion: Monitoring adverse drug reactions during DR TB treatment is crucial to support the success of the treatment."

"Latar Belakang:Tuberkulosis resisten obat (TB-RO) merupakan ancaman bagi seluruh dunia termasuk Indonesia, karena memerlukan waktu lama dan biaya yang besar dalam mengobati penyakit tersebut meskipun telah ditangani dengan baik. Data penelitian di luar negeri menunjukkan bahwa terdapat kekambuhan TB-RO, tapi datanya sangat terbatas. Di Indonesia belum ada data tentang angka kekambuhan TB-RO.Tujuan: Mengevaluasi pasien TB resisten obat (TB-RO) pasca pengobatan yang datang kontrol pada bulan ke 6, 12, 18, dan 24 di RSUP Persabatan Jakarta.Metode: Penelitian menggunakan desain penelitian potong lintang terhadap pasien TB-RO yang telah dinyatakan sembuh dan pengobatan lengkap yang datang kontrol di poli MDR RSUP Persahatan Jakarta mulai bulan April 2017 sampai Desember 2017. Dilakukan anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisis, pemeriksaan foto toraks dan biakan sputum. Mencatat data pengobatan dan hasil-hasil pemeriksaan terkait data yang diperlukan dalam dalam rekam medis pasien.Hasil: Didapatkan 60 subjek penelitian dengan rerata usia 42,3 + 12,5 tahun, berjenis kelamin laki-laki 31 (51,7%) dan perempuan 29 (48,3%), dengan rerata IMT 21,75+ 4,34. Dari hasil foto toraks didapatkan gambaran dominan lesi luas dan hasil kultur sputum semua pasien yang diteliti tidak ditemukan pertumbuhan Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Kesimpulan: Tidak ditemukan kekambuhan pada pasien TB resisten obat yang yang telah dinyatakan sembuh dan pengobatan lengkap yang datang kontrol pasca pengobatan di RSUP Persahabatan Jakarta.

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Objective: This study aimed to evaluate DR-TB patients which was biannually performed for two-years (e.g. at the 6th, 12th, 18th, and 24th mos) after treatment completion.

Methods: This cross-sectional study involved DR-TB patients completing their treatment at Persahabatan General Hospital Jakarta, Indonesia, between April and December 2017. The post-treatment evaluation during the 6th, 12th, 18th, and 24th mos included clinical, chest x-ray (CXR) and sputum culture examination.

Results: Sixty patients were observed in this study, 31 (51.7%) were males and 29 (48.3%) were females. The mean age was 42.3+12.5 yo and the mean body mass index was 21.75+4.34. Fourty nine (81.7%) patients showed extensive lesions per CXR and none of the patient showed Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth per sputum culture.

Conclusion: There was no recurrence of DR-TB from patients completing their treatment at Persahabatan General Hospital Jakarta, Indonesia during two-years post-treatment evaluation."

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ABSTRAK

Nama : Nur AnnisaProgram Studi : Ilmu Kesehatan MasyarakatJudul : Pengaruh Fasilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan Terhadap KeberhasilanPengobatan Pasien Tuberkulosis Resisten Obat di Indonesia Tahun2014 - 2016Pembimbing : Dr. Sutanto Priyo Hastono., M. KesResistensi obat merupakan masalah baru dalam program eliminasi TB yang disebut TBresisten obat. Pengobatan TB resisten obat di Indonesia dilakukan di fasilitas pelayanankesehatan rujukan dan fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan satelit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmengetahui pengaruh fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan terhadap keberhasilan pengobatanpasien TB resisten obat di Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei 2019 diSubdit-TB, Direktorat P2PML, Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Desain studi penelitian iniadalah kohort restrospektif. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 4288 orang, diseleksi menggunakanteknik total sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pasien yang menyelesaikanpengobatan di fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan satelit sebanyak 97,20% dan di fasilitaspelayanan kesehatan rujukan sebanyak 2,8%. Proporsi keberhasilan pengobatan sebesar53,2% dengan kumulatif hazard keberhasilan pengobatan sebesar 5,43 di akhirpengamatan selama 36 bulan pengamatan. Hazard rate keberhasilan pengobatan36,42/1000 orang-bulan. Hasil analisis multivariat menggunakan regresi cox timeindependetmenunjukkan bahwa pasien yang menyelesaikan pengobatan di fasilitaspelayanan kesehatan satelit meningkatkan kecepatan terjadinya keberhasilan pengobatansebesar 54% (HR 2,17; 95% CI 1,66 – 2,82) dengan kondisi riwayat pengobatan sama.Penambahan fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan satelit dan tenaga ahli dibutuhkan untukmembantu proses pengobatan berjalan lebih baik. Peran serta masyarakat dan kesadaranpasien perlu ditingkatkan dengan melakukan promosi kesehatan tentang TB resisten obatsecara rutin.Kata Kunci: Fasilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan; Keberhasilan Pengobatan; TB ResistenObat

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ABSTRACT

Name : Nur AnnisaStudy Program : Public HealthTitle : The Effect of Health Care Unit on The Success in Treatment ofDrug Resistant-Tuberculosis Patient in Indonesia, 2014 - 2016Counsellor : Dr. Sutanto Priyo Hastono., M. KesDrug resistant is a new problem in TB elimination program, it’s called Drug-Resistat TB.Treatment of drug-resistant TB in Indonesia is carried out in rujukan health care andsatelite health care. The aims of this study is increasing the successful treatment of Drug-Resistant TB patients in Indonesia by health care unit. This research was conducted inMay 2019 at the TB Sub-Directorate, Directorate of P2PML, Ministry of Health of theRepublic of Indonesia. The design of this study is a retrospective cohort. Total samplewere 4288 patient, selected by using total sampling technique. The results showed thatpatients who completed treatment in satelit health care were 97.20% and 2.8% in therujukan health care. The proportion of treatment success was 53.2% with a cumulativehazard of treatment success 5.43 at the end of the observation for 36 months observation.Treatment success rate was 36.42/1000 person-month. The results of multivariateanalysis using cox time-independent regression showed that patients who completedtreatment at satelit health care increased the speed of treatment success 54% (HR 2.17;95% CI 1.66 - 2.82) with the same treatment history. The addition of satellite healthservice facilities and experts is needed to help the treatment process run better.Community participation and patient awareness need to be improved by conductingroutine health promotion about Drug-Resistant TB.Key words: Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis; Health Care Unit; Treatment Success.

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"Latar Belakang: Tuberkulosis resistan obat (TB RO) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan utama di dunia. Tahun 2020 secara global terdapat 157.903 kasus TB Multi Drug Resistant/Rifampicin Resistant (MDR/RR) terdeteksi dan ternotifikasi, 95% dilakukan enrollment, namun angka keberhasilan pengobatan TB RR/MDR sebesar 59% dan TB XDR sebesar 52%, sedangkan di Indonesia terdapat 8.268 kasus TB RR/MDR, 52% dilakukan enrollment namun angka keberhasilan pengobatan TB RR/MDR sebesar 47% dan TB XDR 30%. Tahun 2020, Klofazimin (CFZ) merupakan salah satu bagian grup B pengobatan TB RO tanpa injeksi pada paduan jangka pendek dan jangka panjang. Terdapat beberapa efek samping dalam penggunaan CFZ salah satunya adalah hiperpigmentasi kulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kekerapan, karakteristik subjek, awitan, durasi, dan derajat hiperpigmentasi kulit akibat CFZ serta faktor apa saja yang berhubungan pada pengobatan TB RO di RSUP Persahabatan. Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah kohort retrospektif menggunakan data rekam medis pasien, dilakukan di Poli TB RO RSUP Persahabatan Juli 2021-Mei 2022, dengan teknik total sampling. Subjek penelitian adalah pasien TB RO yang mendapatkan CFZ di Poli TB RO di RSUP Persahabatan yang memulai enrollment pada tahun 2019-2020 yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Hiperpigmentasi kulit dinilai dari anamnesis bulanan setiap pasien kontrol. Hasil: Didapatkan 429 subjek penelitian dengan kekerapan hiperpigmentasi kulit pada 48 subjek (11,18%). Karakteristik subjek usia 41 (18−78) tahun, 58% laki-laki, 48% dengan gizi kurang dan normal, 25,2% komorbid DM tipe 2 dan 2,8% komorbid HIV, durasi pengobatan 285 (1−860) hari, kasus terbanyak TB RR/MDR sebesar 89,3%, dan luaran sembuh sebesar 47%. Efek samping hiperpigmentasi kulit didapatkan dengan median awitan 31 (28−168) hari pengobatan dan hingga pengobatan selesai efek samping hiperpigmentasi kulit masih didapatkan (belum reversibel). Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara efek samping hiperpigmentasi kulit dengan durasi pengobatan (p=<0,001)m yakni hari ke 344 (70−769) dan paduan jangka pendek oral dan jangka pendek injeksi (p=<0,001)f dengan RR 10,100 (5,059−20,166).

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Background: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR TB) is still a major health problem in the world. In 2020 globally there were 157,903 cases of Multi Drug Resistant/Rifampin Resistant (MDR/RR) TB detected and notified, 95% were enrolled, but the treatment success rate for RR/MDR TB was 59% and XDR TB was 52%, while in Indonesia there were Of the 8,268 cases of RR/MDR TB, 52% underwent enrollment but the success rate of RR/MDR TB treatment was 47% and 30% XDR TB. In 2020, Clofazimine (CFZ) is part of group B RO-TB treatment without injection in short-term and long-term combinations. There are several side effects in using CFZ, one of which is skin hyperpigmentation. This study aims to determine the frequency, subject characteristics, onset, duration, and degree of skin hyperpigmentation due to CFZ and what factors are related to the treatment of DR TB at Persahabatan Hospital. Methods: The design of this study was a retrospective cohort using patient medical record data, carried out at the DR TB clinic Persahabatan Hospital from July 2021-May 2022, with a total sampling technique. The research subjects were DR TB patients who received CFZ at the DR TB clinic at the Persahabatan Hospital who started enrollment in 2019-2020 who met the research criteria. Skin hyperpigmentation was assessed from the monthly history of patient. Results: There were 429 subjects who received CFZ with frequent skin hyperpigmentation in 48 subjects (11.18%). Subject’s characteristics are 41 (18−78) years old, 58% male, 48% with malnutrition and normal, 25.2% comorbid type 2 DM and 2.8% comorbid HIV, duration of treatment 285 (1−860) days, the most cases of RR/MDR TB were 89.3%, and the outcome recovered was 47%. The side effect of skin hyperpigmentation was obtained with a median onset of 31 (28−168) days of treatment and until the end of treatment the side effect of skin hyperpigmentation was still found (not reversible). Conclusion: There is a relationship between side effects of skin hyperpigmentation with treatment duration (p=<0.001)m i.e. day 344 (70−769) and short-term oral and short-term injection (p=<0.001)f with RR 10.100 (5.059−20.166)."

"Latar Belakang: Tuberkulosis resistan obat (TB RO) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan utama di dunia. Tahun 2020 secara global terdapat 157.903 kasus TB Multi Drug Resistant/Rifampicin Resistant (MDR/RR) terdeteksi dan ternotifikasi, 95% dilakukan enrollment, namun angka keberhasilan pengobatan TB RR/MDR sebesar 59% dan TB XDR sebesar 52%, sedangkan di Indonesia terdapat 8.268 kasus TB RR/MDR, 52% dilakukan enrollment namun angka keberhasilan pengobatan TB RR/MDR sebesar 47% dan TB XDR 30%. Tahun 2020, Klofazimin (CFZ) merupakan salah satu bagian grup B pengobatan TB RO tanpa injeksi pada paduan jangka pendek dan jangka panjang. Terdapat beberapa efek samping dalam penggunaan CFZ salah satunya adalah hiperpigmentasi kulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kekerapan, karakteristik subjek, awitan, durasi, dan derajat hiperpigmentasi kulit akibat CFZ serta faktor apa saja yang berhubungan pada pengobatan TB RO di RSUP Persahabatan. Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah kohort retrospektif menggunakan data rekam medis pasien, dilakukan di Poli TB RO RSUP Persahabatan Juli 2021-Mei 2022, dengan teknik total sampling. Subjek penelitian adalah pasien TB RO yang mendapatkan CFZ di Poli TB RO di RSUP Persahabatan yang memulai enrollment pada tahun 2019-2020 yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Hiperpigmentasi kulit dinilai dari anamnesis bulanan setiap pasien kontrol. Hasil: Didapatkan 429 subjek penelitian dengan kekerapan hiperpigmentasi kulit pada 48 subjek (11,18%). Karakteristik subjek usia 41 (18−78) tahun, 58% laki-laki, 48% dengan gizi kurang dan normal, 25,2% komorbid DM tipe 2 dan 2,8% komorbid HIV, durasi pengobatan 285 (1−860) hari, kasus terbanyak TB RR/MDR sebesar 89,3%, dan luaran sembuh sebesar 47%. Efek samping hiperpigmentasi kulit didapatkan dengan median awitan 31 (28−168) hari pengobatan dan hingga pengobatan selesai efek samping hiperpigmentasi kulit masih didapatkan (belum reversibel). Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara efek samping hiperpigmentasi kulit dengan durasi pengobatan (p=<0,001)m yakni hari ke 344 (70−769) dan paduan jangka pendek oral dan jangka pendek injeksi (p=<0,001)f dengan RR 10,100 (5,059−20,166). Kata kunci: efek samping, hiperpigmentasi kulit, klofazimin, tuberkulosis resistan obat.

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Background: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR TB) is still a major health problem in the world. In 2020 globally there were 157,903 cases of Multi Drug Resistant/Rifampin Resistant (MDR/RR) TB detected and notified, 95% were enrolled, but the treatment success rate for RR/MDR TB was 59% and XDR TB was 52%, while in Indonesia there were Of the 8,268 cases of RR/MDR TB, 52% underwent enrollment but the success rate of RR/MDR TB treatment was 47% and 30% XDR TB. In 2020, Clofazimine (CFZ) is part of group B RO-TB treatment without injection in short-term and long-term combinations. There are several side effects in using CFZ, one of which is skin hyperpigmentation. This study aims to determine the frequency, subject characteristics, onset, duration, and degree of skin hyperpigmentation due to CFZ and what factors are related to the treatment of DR TB at Persahabatan Hospital. Methods: The design of this study was a retrospective cohort using patient medical record data, carried out at the DR TB clinic Persahabatan Hospital from July 2021-May 2022, with a total sampling technique. The research subjects were DR TB patients who received CFZ at the DR TB clinic at the Persahabatan Hospital who started enrollment in 2019-2020 who met the research criteria. Skin hyperpigmentation was assessed from the monthly history of patient. Results: There were 429 subjects who received CFZ with frequent skin hyperpigmentation in 48 subjects (11.18%). Subject’s characteristics are 41 (18−78) years old, 58% male, 48% with malnutrition and normal, 25.2% comorbid type 2 DM and 2.8% comorbid HIV, duration of treatment 285 (1−860) days, the most cases of RR/MDR TB were 89.3%, and the outcome recovered was 47%. The side effect of skin hyperpigmentation was obtained with a median onset of 31 (28−168) days of treatment and until the end of treatment the side effect of skin hyperpigmentation was still found (not reversible). Conclusion: There is a relationship between side effects of skin hyperpigmentation with treatment duration (p=<0.001)m i.e. day 344 (70−769) and short-term oral and short-term injection (p=<0.001)f with RR 10.100 (5.059−20.166)."

"Provinsi DKI Jakarta merupakan salah satu dari 4 Provinsi di Indonesia yang menjadi tempat implementasi awal dari penerapan penggunaan paduan BPaL (Bedaquiline, Pretomanid, Linezolid) untuk pengobatan TB RO dalam tatanan penelitian operasional. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membandingkan keberhasilan pengobatan pasien TB RO pada penggunaan Bedaquiline dalam paduan pengobatan dengan keberhasilan pengobatan pasien TB RO tanpa Bedaquiline dalam paduan pengobatan. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan kohort retrospektif dan analisis datanya dengan analisis survival dari data Sistem Informasi Tuberkulosis (SITB) Provinsi DKI Jakarta tahun 2020 – 2023. Hasil penelitian: Pada pola resistansi Monoresistan, Rifampisin Resistan, Poliresistan dan Multidrugs Resistant keberhasilan paduan pengobatan yang menggunakan Bedaquiline tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna dengan keberhasilan pengobatan menggunakan paduan tanpa Bedaquiline setelah dikontrol oleh variabel jenis paduan pengobatan (HR 1,01; 95% CI 0,79 -1,29; p-value= 0,939). Pada pola resistansi pre-Extensively Drug Resistant dan Extensively Drug Resistant, keberhasilan paduan pengobatan menggunakan Bedaquiline juga tidak berbeda bermakna bila dibandingkan keberhasilan paduan pengobatan tanpa Bedaquiline dengan mempertimbangkan jenis paduan pengobatan (HR 1,14; 95% CI 0,34 – 3,82; p-value= 0,835). Diharapkan tenaga kesehatan tetap memberikan edukasi pentingnya kepatuhan regimen pengobatan dan dukungan sosial serta psikologis kepada pasien untuk menbantu pasien tetap konsisten menjalani pengobatan.

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DKI Jakarta Province is one of 4 Provinces in Indonesia for the initial implementation site of the BPaL (Bedaquiline, Pretomanid, Linezolid) combination for treating DR-TB (Drug Resistant Tuberculosis) in an operational research order. The study aimed to compare the success of treatment of TB RO patients with the use of Bedaquiline in the treatment combination with the success of treatment of TB RO patients without Bedaquiline in the treatment combination. The study used a retrospective cohort design and data analysis with survival analysis from the Tuberculosis Information System (SITB) data of DKI Jakarta Province in 2020 – 2023. Results of the study shows that in Monoresistant, Rifampicin Resistant, Polyresistant and Multidrugs Resistant resistance patterns, the success of treatment combination using Bedaquiline did not show a significant difference with the success of treatment combination without using Bedaquiline after being controlled by treatment combination type variable (HR 1.01; 95% CI 0.79 -1.29; p-value = 0.939). In pre-Extensively Drug Resistant and Extensively Drug Resistant resistance patterns, the success of treatment combination using Bedaquiline was also not significantly different when compared to the success of the treatment combination without Bedaquiline after being controlled by treatment combination type variable (HR 1.14; 95% CI 0.34 – 3.82; p-value = 0.835). Health workers are expected to continue providing education on the importance of compliance with treatment regimens and giving social and psychological support to patients in order to maintain patient’s consistency in undergoing treatment."

"Latar Belakang: Malnutrisi merupakan salah satu predikor luaran pengobatan yang buruk. Indeks masa tubuh (IMT) kurang 18,5 kg/m2 dan ketidakcukupan peningkatan berat badan saat pengobatan berkaitan dengan peningkatan risiko kegagalan pengobatan kematian dan kekambuhan TB. Intervensi gizi tinggi energi dan protein dapat memperbaiki malnutrisi sehingga memperbaiki imunitas, kekuatan otot dan mempercepat konversi.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan open label non-randomised clinical trial dan merupakan merupakan uji pendahuluan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di poliklinik MDR RSUP Persahabatan periode April-Desember 2022 pada pasien TB resistan obat (RO) yang mengalami malnutrisi. Kelompok intervensi mendapatkan edukasi gizi dan suplementasi nutrisi oral tinggi energi dan protein (705 kkal dan 31 gram per hari) selama 60 hari sedangkan kelompok kontrol hanya mendapat edukasi gizi selanjutnya dievaluasi perubahan berat badan, waktu koversi, perubahan keluhan dan parameter hematologi.Hasil: Didapatkan 36 pasien kelompok intervensi dan 34 pasien kontrol. Pemberian suplementasi nutrisi meningkatkan asupan energi total dan protein harian [2012 vs 1596 kkal, p<0,001; 79 vs 58gram, p<0,001] dan meningkatkan berat badan ≥5% pada kelompok intervensi dibandingkan kontrol [OR:14,518 95%IK (3,778-55,794), p<0,001]. Kelompok intervensi (86,1%) mengalami waktu konversi pada bulan ke-2 dibandingkan kelompok kontrol 70,6% (p<0,114). Perbaikan keluhan batuk dan sesak napas pada kelompok intervensi dibandingkan kontrol [p<0,001 (batuk) dan p<0,001 (sesak)]. Terdapat perbedaan penurunan kadar protein total dan globulin pada kedua kelompok [p:0,038 (protein total) dan p:0,02 (globulin)] pascaintervensi. Protein total dan globulin merupakan reaktan fase akut sebagai petanda inflamasi dan berguna untuk evaluasi respons pengobatan TB dan intervensi nutrisi. Hasil analisis multivariat mendapatkan bahwa pasien dengan penurunan berat badan derajat sedang-berat sebelum pengobatan TB RO akan memiliki kenaikan berat badan ≥5% [aOR: 4,701 95%IK (1,334-16,569), p<0,001], sedangkan pasien yg memiliki keluhan sesak saat aktivitas sebelum pengobatan akan memiliki kesulitan naik berat badan ≥5% setelah dua bulan pengobatan [aOR:0,168 95%IK (0.043-0.797), p:0,074].Kesimpulan: Intervensi gizi pada pasien TB RO dengan malnutrisi merupakan pendekataan terbaru untuk membantu keberhasilan pengobatan.

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Background: Malnutrition is a predictor of poor treatment outcomes. Body mass index (BMI) less than 18.5 kg/m2 and inadequate weight gain during treatment are associated with an increased risk of treatment failure, death and recurrence. Nutritional intervention with high energy and protein can correct malnutrition thereby improving immunity, muscle strength and accelerating conversion.

Methods: This study is an open clinical trial design and is a preliminary test. This research was conducted at the MDR polyclinic at Persahabatan Hospital through the April-December 2022 of malnourished drug resistance (DR)-TB patients. The intervention group received nutriotion education and high energy and protein oral nutritional supplementation (705 kcal and 31gr per day) for 60 days while the control group only received education. This study is to evaluate body weight, conversion time rate, changes in complaints and hematological parameters.

Results: There were 36 patients in the intervention group and 34 control patients. Providing nutritional supplementation increased total energy and daily protein intake [2012 vs 1596 kcal p<0.001; 79 vs 58 gr, p<0.001] and increased body weight ≥5% in the intervention group compared to the control [OR:14.518 95% CI (3.778-55.794), p<0.001]. The intervention group (86.1%) experienced conversion time in the 2nd month compared to the control group 70.6% (p<0.114). Improvements in complaints of cough and shortness of breath in the intervention group compared to controls (p<0.001 and p<0.001). There were differences in the decrease in total protein and globulin levels in the two groups (p:0.038 and p:0.02) after the intervention. Total protein and globulin are acute phase reactants as markers of inflammation and are useful for evaluating response to treatment. The results of the multivariate analysis found that patients with moderate-to-severe weight loss before DR-TB treatment would have a weight gain of ≥5% [aOR: 4.701 95% CI (1.334-16.569), p<0.001], whereas patients who had shortness of breath when active before treatment will have difficulty gaining weight ≥5% after two months of treatment [aOR:0.168 95% CI (0.043-0.797), p:0.074].

Conclusion: Nutritional intervention in malnourished DR-TB RO is the latest approach to assist in successful treatment."

"Insidensi TB di Indonesia menempati urutan kedua terbesar di dunia tahun 2016. Buruknya, sebagian besar provinsi di Indonesia masih belum bisa mencapai target keberhasilan pengobatan tahun 2016, salah satunya DKI Jakarta. Hal ini dapat disebabkan karena banyaknya jumlah putus pengobatan (default treatment). Jika dibiarkan, kondisi ini dapat menimbulkan dampak yang lebih buruk yaitu peningkatan kasus TB MDR. Oleh karena itu faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian putus pengobatan perlu identifikasi, namun faktornya bervariasi di berbagai tempat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian putus pengobatan pada pasien TB MDR di RSUP Persahabatan tahun 2016-2018. Penelitian dilakukan dengan desain potong lintang menggunakan rekam medis dan wawancara 60 subjek. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi TB MDR dengan riwayat putus pengobatan di RSUP Persahabatan tahun 2016-2018 adalah 16,9%. Berdasarkan analisis bivariat, faktor yang memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan putus pengobatan adalah perilaku merokok (p=0,008). Melalui analisis multivariat diketahui bahwa hanya perokok sedang yang berhubungan dengan putus pengobatan (p = 0,035, OR = 4,364; KI95% = 1,112-17,128). Dari hasil tersebut disimpulkan bahwa perokok sedang merupakan faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian putus pengobatan TB pada pasien TB MDR.

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TB incidence of Indonesia ranks the second largest in the world in 2016. Poorly, most provinces in Indonesia still cannot reach the target of successful TB treatment in 2016, one of which is DKI Jakarta. This can be caused by the large number of dropouts (treatment default). This finding is worrisome, individuals who default from tuberculosis (TB) treatment experience an increased risk of multi drugs resistance tuberculosis cases. Therefore it is important to identify local risk factors for default and for further research to demonstrate the best programme models for reducing default.

This study aims to determine the factors associated with default from TB treatment in multi drugs resistance tuberculosis patients in RSUP Persahabatan in 2016-2018. The study was conducted with a cross-sectional design using medical records and 60 tuberculosis patients were interviewed.

The results showed the prevalence of multi drugs resistance tuberculosis with a history of default tb treatment at RSUP Persahabatan in 2016-2018 is 16.9%. Based on bivariate analysis, significant factor associated with default for drug-sensitive TB programmes is smoking behavior (p = 0.008). In multivariate logistic regression, it was found that only moderate smokers were associated with default from treatment (p = 0.035, OR = 4.364; CI95% = 1.112-17.128). From these results it was concluded that moderate smokers were a factor identified to be associated with treatment default in multi drugs resistance tuberculosis patients."