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"Latar Belakang: Stunting berdampak pada hipofungsi kelenjar saliva sehingga meningkatkan risiko penyakit gingivitis. Kondisi stunting meningkatkan jumlah Veillonella parvula yang berperan sebagai patogen aksesori gingivitis. Oleh karena itu, pemberian probiotik dilakukan untuk mencegah akumulasi biofilm penyebab gingivitis yang dapat memperparah stunting. Tujuan: Menganalisis korelasi antara penurunan jumlah V. parvula dalam saliva dengan perbaikan status kesehatan periodontal (sBPE) sebelum dan sesudah diberikan intervensi tablet hisap probiotik pada anak usia sekolah dengan status stunting dan non-stunting. Metode: Penelitian non-randomized clinical trial dengan metode open-labeled. Empat puluh sembilan anak usia sekolah dengan status stunting (n=27) dan non-stunting (n=22) dikelompokkan ke dalam enam kelompok yang masing-masing dipisahkan menjadi stunting dan non-stunting, yaitu kontrol positif (Chlorhexidine gluconate 0,2%), tablet hisap probiotik, dan kontrol negatif (sikat gigi dan pasta gigi). Dilakukan pengambilan sampel saliva tidak terstimulasi dan pemeriksaan klinis (sBPE) pada hari ke-0 (baseline) dan hari ke-14 intervensi. Jumlah V. parvula dalam sampel saliva akan diuji menggunakan metode absolute quantification qPCR. Hasil penelitian: Tidak terdapat korelasi signifikan (p>0,05) antara penurunan jumlah V. parvula dalam saliva dengan perbaikan status kesehatan periodontal (sBPE), sebelum dan sesudah diberikan intervensi tablet hisap probiotik pada anak dengan status stunting dan non-stunting. Hasil ini didapatkan karena V. parvula hanya berperan sebagai patogen aksesori gingivitis tanpa menyebabkan infeksi secara langsung. Tablet hisap probiotik signifikan (p<0,05) dalam menurunkan jumlah V. parvula dalam saliva dan memperbaiki status kesehatan periodontal (sBPE) pada anak dengan status stunting. Kesimpulan: Intervensi probiotik dapat menjadi alternatif antiseptik untuk menjaga dan memulihkan keseimbangan bakteri rongga mulut tanpa menimbulkan efek samping jangka panjang dan resistensi antimikroba.

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Background: Stunting affects salivary gland hypofunction, increasing the risk of gingivitis. The condition of stunting elevates the amount of Veillonella parvula, which acts as an accessory pathogen in gingivitis. Therefore, probiotic administration is implemented to prevent the accumulation of biofilm that exacerbates gingivitis and worsens stunting. Objective: To analyze the correlation between the reduction in Veillonella parvula count in saliva and the improvement in periodontal health status (sBPE) before and after probiotic lozenge intervention in stunted and non-stunted school-aged children. Methods: This is a non-randomized clinical trial with an open-labeled design. Forty-nine school aged children, classified into stunted (n=27) and non-stunted (n=22), were divided into six groups for stunting and non-stunting, which are positive control (Chlorhexidine gluconate 0,2%), probiotic lozenges, and negative control (tooth brush and tooth paste). Unstimulated saliva sampling and clinical examinations (sBPE) were conducted on day 0 (baseline) and day 14 of the intervention. The number of V. parvula in the saliva samples was tested using absolute quantification qPCR. Results: There was no significant correlation (p>0,05) between the the reduction in Veillonella parvula count in saliva and the improvement in periodontal health status (sBPE) before and after probiotic lozenge intervention in stunted and non-stunted school-aged children. This result was obtained because V. parvula acts only as an accessory pathogen in gingivitis without directly causing infection. Probiotic lozenges were significantly effective (p<0,05) in reducing the amount of V. parvula in saliva and improving periodontal health status (sBPE) in stunted children. Conclusion: Probiotic intervention can be an alternative to antiseptic in maintaining and restoring the balance of oral bacteria without long-term side effects or antimicrobial resistance."

"Latar Belakang: Osteoporosis merupakan penyakit yang ditandai oleh penurunan massa tulang, sehingga menyebabkan perubahan mikroarsitektur tulang. Osteokalsin adalah protein penanda adanya pembentukan dan resorpsi tulang. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan antara kadar osteokalsin dengan status periodontal pada perempuan berisiko osteoporosis. Metode: Studi potong lintang pada 70 perempuan pascamenopause. Dilakukan pemeriksaan status periodontal dan kadar osteokalsin dalam serum menggunakan metode ELISA. Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan kadar osteokalsin antara subjek osteoporosis, osteopenia, dan normal. Terdapat hubungan antara kadar osteokalsin terhadap kehilangan perlekatan klinis pada subjek osteoporosis. Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan antara kadar osteokalsin dengan status periodontal pada subjek osteoporosis.

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Background: Osteoporosis is defined as a bone disease characterised by a decrease in bone mass results in bone microarchitecture alteration. Osteocalcin is a valid biomarker for bone turnover and resorption. Aim: To analyze relationship between serum osteocalcin levels and periodontal status in osteoporotic risk women. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 70 postmenopausal women. Periodontal examination and serum osteocalcin levels was measured using ELISA method. Result: There is no difference of serum osteocalcin levels on osteoporotic, osteopenia, and normal subjects. Relationship between serum osteocalcin and clinical attachment loss was found on osteoporotic subjects. Conclusion: Relationship between serum osteocalcin levels and periodontal status was found on osteoporotic subjects."

"Latar Belakang: Remaja adalah salah satu kelompok populasi yang paling terpengaruh dalam tiga beban malnutrisi di Indonesia. Berbagai penelitian telah membuktikan hubungan antara status nutrisi dengan kesehatan gigi mulut. Penelitian dalam kariologi belakangan ini banyak mengeksplorasi bakteri Veillonella terkait interaksinya dengan Streptococcus dalam pembentukan biofilm. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara indeks massa tubuh (IMT) dan status kesehatan gigi mulut, laju alir saliva dan kuantifikasi relatif bakteri Veillonella parvula dalam saliva. Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah potong lintang analitik, dengan subyek 49 anak laki-laki dan 52 perempuan direkrut dari sebuah Pesantren SMP di Depok, Jawa Barat untuk dilakukan pemeriksaan gigi mulut, status antropometri berat badan, tinggi badan dan IMT serta pengambilan saliva tanpa stimulasi untuk perhitungan laju alir saliva. Kuantifikasi bakteri relatif dilakukan dengan metode RT-PCR untuk mengidentifikasi bakteri V parvula. Hasil: Terdapat korelasi positif lemah antara IMT dan kuantifikasi relatif bakteri V parvula (r= 0.2, p=0.04), namun tidak ditemukan korelasi bermakna antara IMT dan indeks plak serta IMT dan laju alir saliva tanpa stimulasi. Kesimpulan: Terdapat korelasi lemah bermakna antara IMT dan kuantifikasi relatif V parvula, sementara itu terdapat korelasi lemah dan tidak bermakna antara IMT dan indeks plak maupun IMT dan laju alir saliva. Penelitian berikutnya perlu mengeksplorasi hubungan IMT dengan berbagai parameter status kesehatan gigi mulut dengan mempertimbangkan berbagai faktor risiko perancu dan mengidentifikasi spesies-spesies Veillonella lainnya.

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Background: Until recently, the triple burden of malnutrition remains a major health issue in Indonesia and adolescents are one of the most affected population. Oral cavity is the main gate of the digestive system and studies have shown the association between nutritional status and oral health. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the correlation between body mass index and oral health status, unstimulated salivary flow rate and relative quantification of Veillonella parvula in saliva. Method: In a cross-sectional study design, 49 male and 52 female students aged 12-14 year-old were recruited from an Islamic Boarding School in Depok, West Java and clinically examined for the Greene and Vermillion’s debris index. The unstimulated salivary flow rate was determined (ml/min). Anthropometric examinations were carried out for body weight, body height and body mass index per age according to the standards from Ministry of Health Regulations. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify the presence of Veillonella parvula. Results: There is a significant correlation between BMI and relative expression of salivary Veillonella parvula (r= 0.2, p=0.04), however no correlations were found between BMI and OH status, and BMI and unstimulated salivary flow rate. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that there is no linear relationship between BMI and salivary flow rate and/or OH status, however a weak but significant correlation was found between BMI and salivary V parvula. Further studies are needed to investigate relationships between BMI and other nutrition parameters with oral health indicators in the adolescent populations, while considering other Veillonella species."

"Latar belakang: Crossbite merupakan salah satu maloklusi yang sering ditemukan di masyarakat. Crossbite dapat menyebabkan trauma oklusi yang dapat memperberat penyakit periodontal. Masih jarang dijumpai penelitian yang langsung menghubungkan pengaruh crossbite terhadap jaringan periodontal. Tujuan penelitian: Menganalisis hubungan crossbite dengan status periodontal. Metode: Penelitian cross-sectional pada 68 subjek normalbite dan 68 subjek crossbite menggunakan data kartu status rekam medik Klinik Integrasi RSKGM FKG UI tahun kunjungan 20010-2015. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney. Hasil: Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna p>0,05 rerata resesi gingiva, kehilangan perlekatan, dan perdarahan gingiva pada subjek normalbite dibandingkan dengan subjek crossbite. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna.

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Background: Crossbite is one of the most common malocclusion found in the society. Crossbite is a potential cause of trauma from occlusion and can be a cofactor of periodontal diseases. However, research on the effects of crossbite on periodontium is still rare.

Objective: To analyze the relationship between crossbite and periodontal status.

Method: A cross sectional study of 68 subjects with normalbite and 68 subjects with crossbite using dental records of patients in Klinik Integrasi RSKGM FKG UI during 2010 2015. Data was statistically analyzed by Mann Whitney test.

Result: There were no statistically significant differences p 0,05 in the mean values of gingival recession, loss of attachment, and gingival bleeding between normalbite and crossbite groups. However, statistically significant difference."

"Latar belakang: Jumlah perokok di dunia yaitu 1,1 miliar orang dari total jumlah populasi dunia. Kebiasaan merokok berdampak buruk terhadap kesehatan umum dan merupakan faktor risiko penyakit periodontal. Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan mahasiswa rumpun ilmu kesehatan mengenai hubungan antara kebiasaan merokok dengan penyakit periodontal. Metode: Studi analisis potong lintang pada mahasiswa rumpun ilmu kesehatan. Penelitian menggunakan kuesioner yang disebar melalui melalui situs internet yaitu google form, disebar ke semua fakultas dan tingkat semester yang tergabung dalam rumpun ilmu kesehatan. Hasil: Sebanyak 388 responden yang mengisi kuesioner. Asal fakultas berhubungan secara signifikan bahwa merokok merugikan kesehatan umum (0,000), kesehatan mulut (0,000), menyebabkan terjadinya penyakit periodontal (0.001), dan peningkatan penyakit periodontal (0,024). Tingkat semester berhubungan secara signifikan bahwa merokok merugikan kesehatan umum (0,005), namun tidak berhubungan secara signifikan pada merokok memengaruhi kesehatan mulut (0,075), menyebabkan terjadinya penyakit periodontal (0,996), dan peningkatan penyakit periodontal (0,600). Kesimpulan: Mahasiswa FKG memiliki pengetahuan yang lebih baik mengenai hubungan antara kebiasaan merokok dengan penyakit periodontal.

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Background: The number of smokers in the world is 1.1 billion people from the total world population. Smoking habits adversely affect general health and risk factors for periodontal disease.

Objective: To determine the knowledge of health science students about the relationship between smoking habits and periodontal disease.

Method: Cross-sectional analysis study on health science students. The research used a questionnaire distributed through the internet site, namely google form, distributed to all faculties and semester levels who are members of the health science clusters.

Results: A total of 388 respondents filled out the questionnaire. The faculty origin associations were significantly detrimental to general health (0.000), oral health (0.000), causing the incidence of periodontal disease (0.001), and an increase in periodontal disease (0.024). The level of association was significantly detrimental to health (0.005), but not significantly associated with smoking affecting oral health (0.075), causing the incidence of periodontal disease (0.996), and an increase in periodontal disease (0.600).

Conclusion: FKG students have better knowledge about the relationship between smoking and periodontal disease."

"Latar belakang: Laparotomi merupakan teknik operasi untuk membuka akses kavitas peritoneum dengan membentuk sayatan terbuka di area abdomen. Cedera mukosa akibat trauma pembedahan mengganggu homeostasis epitel, merusak ekosistem mikrobiom, meningkatkan produksi sitokin proinflamasi dan berkaitan dengan kejadian komplikasi pascaoperatif. Probiotik Lactobacillus acidophillus memperkuat sawar usus, mempertahankan ekosistem mikrobiom dan berpotensi memodulasi respon imun. Namun, belum terdapat penelitian mengenai dampak pemberian Lactobacillus acidophilus terhadap kadar c-reactive protein (CRP) pascalaparotomi gastrointestinal sebagai penanda inflamasiTujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak pemberian Lactobacillus acidophilus terhadap kadar CRP pascalaparotomi gastrointestinalMetode: Penelitian ini merupakan uji klinis acak tersamar ganda. Sebanyak 56 subjek yang akan menjalani operasi laparotomi gastrointestinal dimasukkan ke dalam penelitian. Subjek penelitian diberikan kapsul probiotik Lactobacillus acidophilus 109 (kelompok probiotik) atau diberikan kapsul laktosa (kelompok plasebo) selama 3 hari sebelum operasi. Kadar CRP diukur 3 hari sebelum prosedur dan 3 hari sesudah prosedur.Hasil: Lima puluh enam subjek dengan 28 subjek pada tiap kelompok, mengikuti penelitian hingga selesai. Pada hari ketiga pascaoperatif, probiotik secara efektif menurunkan peningkatan respon inflamasi dengan nilai akhir CRP pada kelompok probiotik lebih rendah dibandingkan kelompok plasebo (median probiotik 89,65 mg/L vs. plasebo 204 mg/L, p < 0,001). Perubahan peningkatan nilai CRP lebih rendah pada kelompok probiotik dibandingkan kelompok plasebo (median probiotik 84,8 mg/L vs. plasebo 187,6 mg/L, p < 0,001). Terdapat efek samping yang signifikan (mual, diare, muntah dan rasa kembung di perut) pada kelompok probiotik selama penelitian (p = 0,04).Simpulan: Pemberian probiotik preoperatif menurunkan secara signifikan peningkatan CRP pada pasien pascalaparotomi gastrointestinal

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Background: Laparotomy is a surgical technique to open access to the peritoneal cavity by forming an open incision in the abdominal area. Mucosal injury due to surgical trauma can disrupt epithelial homeostasis, impair the microbiome ecosystem, increase the production of proinflammatory cytokines and relating to the incidence of postoperative complications. Lactobacillus acidophillus probiotic administration improve the intestinal barrier function, maintains the microbiome ecosystem and potentially modulate immune responses. However, there has been no research on the impact of Lactobacillus acidophilus administration on C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels after gastrointestinal laparotomy as a marker of inflammation.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the impact of Lactobacillus acidophilus on CRP levels after gastrointestinal laparotomy

Methods: This study is a randomized controlled trial. Fifty six subjects scheduled gastrointestinal laparotomy surgery were enrolled. Subjects received Lactobacillus acidophilus 109 probiotic capsules (probiotic group) or lactose capsules (placebo group) for 3 days before surgery. CRP levels were measured 3 days before the procedure and 3 days after the procedure.

Results: Fifty-six subjects with 28 subjects in each group completed the study. On the third postoperative day, probiotics effectively suppressed the elevating inflammatory response with the final CRP value in the probiotic group lower than the placebo group (median probiotic 89.65 mg/L vs. placebo 204 mg/L, p < 0.001). Elevated CRP values ​​were lower in the probiotic group than in the placebo group (median probiotic 84.8 mg/L vs. placebo 187.6 mg/L, p < 0.001). There was a significant side effects (nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, and bloating) in the probiotic group during study (p = 0.04).

Conclusions: Preoperative probiotic administration significantly reduced elevated CRP in patients After Undergoing Gastrointestinal Laporotomy."

"Hubungan antara Obesitas dan Status Periodontal Pasien di Vietnam: Studi Pendahuluan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi status periodontal serta hubungan antara obesitas dan status periodontal pasien-pasien yang baru pertama kali mengunjungi Institute of Traditional Medicine, Kota Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam. Terdapat 118 pasien berumur 18 tahun atau lebih yang terdiri dari 56 subjek penelitian yang mengalami obesitas (IMT≥27,5 dengan rata-rata umur 33,8 tahun, 11 orang pria dan 45 orang wanita), dan 62 orang subjek penelitian non-obesitas (IMT<27,5 dengan rata- rata umur 34,3 tahun, 4 orang pria dan 58 orang wanita) yang terdaftar di institusi tersebut dalam kurun waktu 5 bulan dari bulan Februari hingga Juni 2014. Informasi mengenai karakteristik sosio-demografi dan kebiasaan mereka dalam merawat gigi dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner. Penelitian ini mengkaji status periodontal (PLI, GI, BOP, PD, dan CAL), dan dilakukan pengukuran indeks antropometri. Kelompok yang mempunyai obesitas memiliki prevalensi periodontitis yang secara signifikan lebih tinggi (39,3%) dibandingkan dengan kelompok non-obesitas (16,4%). Nilai rata-rata GI, BOP, PD, dan CAL pada subjek penelitian yang mengalami obesitas juga jauh lebih tinggi daripada subjek penelitian non-obesitas. Dalam hal latar belakang pendidikan yang lebih rendah, kunjungan ke dokter gigi serta tindakan pembersihan karang gigi rutin, persentase yang lebih tinggi ditemukan pada kelompok non-obesitas daripada kelompok obesitas. Analisis regresi logistik ganda yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa umur (OR=3,10), rutinitas kunjungan ke dokter gigi (OR=3,34) dan obesitas (OR=2,79) merupakan faktor risiko yang memiliki hubungan signifikan terhadap periodontitis. Status periodontal subjek penelitian yang mengalami obesitas lebih buruk daripada subjek yang non- obesitas. Terdapat kemungkinan bahwa obesitas merupakan faktor risiko periodontitis pada pasien di Vietnam.;This study aims to investigate periodontal status, and the relationship between obesity and periodontal status in patients who first visited the Institute of Traditional Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. 118 patients aged 18 or older, including 56 obese subjects (BMI≥27.5, mean age: 33.8, males: 11, females: 45) and 62 non-obese subjects (BMI<27.5, mean age: 34.3, males: 4, females: 58) were enrolled for a period of 5 months from February 2014 to June 2014. The information on socio-demographic characteristics and dental habits were collected by questionnaire. Periodontal status (PLI, GI, BOP, PD, CAL) was examined and the anthropometric index was measured. There was significantly higher prevalence of periodontitis (39.3%) in the obese group than the non-obese group (16.4%). Means of GI, BOP, PD, and CAL in obese subjects were significantly higher than those in non-obese subjects. Significantly higher percentages of subjects who had lower education, visited dental offices, scaled and polished their teeth regularly were in the non-obese group than in the obese group. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that age (OR=3.10), routine of dental visit (OR=3.34) and obesity (OR=2.79) were risk factors significantly related to periodontitis. Periodontal status in obese subjects was poorer than non-obese subjects. Obesity might be the risk factor for periodontitis in Vietnamese patients.

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This study aims to investigate periodontal status, and the relationship between obesity and periodontal status in patients who first visited the Institute of Traditional Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. 118 patients aged 18 or older, including 56 obese subjects (BMI≥27.5, mean age: 33.8, males: 11, females: 45) and 62 non-obese subjects (BMI<27.5, mean age: 34.3, males: 4, females: 58) were enrolled for a period of 5 months from February 2014 to June 2014. The information on socio-demographic characteristics and dental habits were collected by questionnaire. Periodontal status (PLI, GI, BOP, PD, CAL) was examined and the anthropometric index was measured. There was significantly higher prevalence of periodontitis (39.3%) in the obese group than the non-obese group (16.4%). Means of GI, BOP, PD, and CAL in obese subjects were significantly higher than those in non-obese subjects. Significantly higher percentages of subjects who had lower education, visited dental offices, scaled and polished their teeth regularly were in the non-obese group than in the obese group. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that age (OR=3.10), routine of dental visit (OR=3.34) and obesity (OR=2.79) were risk factors significantly related to periodontitis. Periodontal status in obese subjects was poorer than non-obese subjects. Obesity might be the risk factor for periodontitis in Vietnamese patients."

"Latar Belakang: Permasalahan gigi dan mulut pada anak di usia mixed dentition di Indonesia masih tinggi, salah satunya di daerah Jawa Barat. Permasalahan gigi dan mulut dapat disebabkan oleh status kesehatan oral yang buruk. Status kesehatan oral dapat dinilai dari nilai OHI-S. Status kesehatan mulut buruk ditandai dengan penumpukan plak (salah satunya plak supragingiva) dapat menyebabkan peningkatan jumlah bakteri, salah satunya bakteri Veillonella parvula. Bakteri Veillonella parvula berperan dalam proses adhesi dan metabolisme bakteri late colonizer seperti Treponema denticola yang berperan dalam patogenesis penyakit periodontal. Bakteri Veillonella parvula dan Treponema denticola memiliki protein berupa VtaA dan Msp yang berperan dalam proses adhesi ke biofilm. Sampai saat ini, belum ada penelitian yang meneliti hubungan kedua protein tersebut dengan status kebersihan rongga mulut. Tujuan: Mengetahui apakah ada hubungan dan korelasi antara ekspresi gen Msp dan VtaA dengan status kebersihan rongga mulut. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan 40 sampel plak supragingiva yang diambil dari anak berusia 9-12 tahun di SD Sukaluyu dan dikelompokkan berdasarkan kategori skor OHI-S. Sampel kemudian diekstraksi RNA dan DNA, lalu dianalisis menggunakan Real Time PCR. Hasil kuantifikasi DNA dianalisis menggunakan absolute quantification untuk mengidentifikasi jumlah bakteri, sedangkan hasil kuantifikasi RNA dianalisis menggunakan relative quantification untuk membandingkan ekspresi gen. Hasil: Terdapat korelasi positif bermakna (p=0.008) antara jumlah bakteri Treponema denticoladengan memburuknya nilai OHI-S. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara jumlah bakteri Treponema denticola pada OHI-S sedang dan buruk (p=0.016). Korelasi positif tidak signifikan ada pada jumlah bakteri Veillonella parvula dan ekspresi gen Msp, sedangkan korelasi negatif tidak signifikan ditemukan pada VtaA. Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan antara menambahnya jumlah bakteri Treponema denticola seiring dengan memburuknya status kesehatan oral. Tidak ditemukan korelasi dan perbedaan antara jumlah bakteri Veillonella parvula, ekspresi gen Msp dan VtaA jika dibandingkan dengan kategori OHI-S.

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Latar Belakang: Dental and oral problems in children with mixed dentition in Indonesia are still highly prevalent, especially in West Java. These problems are caused by poor oral health status, which can be assessed by OHI-S score. Poor oral health status, which is characterized by plaque accumulation, can cause the quantity of bacteria in mouth to increase. One of those bacterias is Veillonella parvula, a bacteria which plays a role in the adhesion process and metabolism of late colonizer bacteria. Treponema denticola is a late colonizer bacteria which contributes to the progression of periodontal diseases. In order to adhere to a biofilm, Treponema denticola produces protein called Msp, while Veillonella parvula produces VtaA. However, the relationship between these proteins to oral health status has not been well studied. Objective : The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship and correlation between Msp and VtaA gene expression and oral health status. Methods: 40 samples are collected from supragingival plaque of children between the ages of 9-12 years old in SD Sukaluyu and grouped into 3 categories (poor, moderate, good) based on each samples’s OHI-S score. Samples are then extracted and analized by real-time PCR. DNA quantification results are analyzed using absolute quantification to identify the amount of bacteria present. RNA quantification results are analyzed using relative quantification to identify each gene expression relative to calibrator samples. Results: There is a significant positive correlation (p=0.008) found between the quantity of Treponema denticola and OHI-S score. A significant difference (p=0.016) is found between the amount of Treponema denticola in moderate OHI-S and poor OHI-S category. There is a non-significant positive correlation between the amount of Veillonella parvula and Msp gene expression and OHI-S score. VtaA gene expression showed a non-significant negative correlation. Conclusion: This study demonstrated there is a relationship between the increasing quantity of Treponema denticola and the worsening state of oral health status. There is no relationship between Msp and VtaA gene expression and the quantity of Veillonella parvula and oral health status."

"Sebagian besar implan sendi lutut komersial yang tersedia saat ini tidak dirancang untuk mencapai rentang gerak lebih dari 120°. Maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk pengembangan implan sendi lutut dengan rentang gerak tinggi (High Flexion Prosthesis). Pengembangan produk implan sendi lutut diawali dengan melakukan reverse engineering. Analisa elemen hingga digunakan untuk menganalisa tegangan kontak dan luas kontak area yang dihasilkan khususnya analisa pada rentang gerak tinggi. Simulator gerak lutut dirancang untuk memvalidasi hasil simulasi agar memperoleh data yang valid. Simulator gerak lutut dirancang mengikuti standar, dibuat dengan spesifikasi enam derajat kebebasan. Dari hasil modifikasi desain didapatkan maksimal rentang gerak sebesar 159°. Dari hasil simulasi ASTM F3161, tegangan di permukaan femur kondyle rata-rata sebesar 0.034 MPa, lebih baik dari hasil simulasi produk benchmark yang nilai rata-ratanya sebesar 0.0413 MPa. Dari hasil simulasi ISO 14243 pada rentang gerak diatas 120°, luas kontak area antara komponen sisipan tibia dan komponen femur masih terukur khususnya di bagian post sisipan tibia. Ini mengindikasikan bahwa modifikasi desain yang telah dilakukan telah berhasil meningkatkan luas kontak area. Dengan hasil ini didapat kesimpulan bahwa untuk modifikasi desain sendi lutut dapat mengakomodir rentang gerak tinggi, mengurangi potensi keausan komponen dan dari hasil ekperimen tidak ditemukan potensi terjadinya subluxstation dan dislocation

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Most commercial knee joint implants available today are not designed to achieve a range of motion greater than 120°. So this study aims to develop a knee joint implant with a high range of motion (High Flexion Prosthesis). Knee joint implant product development begins with reverse engineering. Finite element analysis is used to analyze the contact stress and the resulting contact area, especially analysis at high ranges of motion. The knee motion simulator is designed to validate the simulation results in order to obtain valid data. The knee motion simulator is designed according to standards, manufactured to a specification of six degrees of freedom. From the results of design modifications, the maximum range of motion is 159°. From the simulation results of ASTM F3161, the average surface tension of the femur condyle is 0.034 MPa, which is better than the simulation results of the benchmark product, which has an average value of 0.0413 MPa. From the ISO 14243 simulation results at a range of motion above 120°, the contact area between the tibial insertion component and the femur component is still measurable, especially in the post tibia insertion section. This indicates that the design modifications that have been made have succeeded in increasing the contact area. With these results, it can be concluded that modifications to the design of the knee joint can accommodate a high range of motion, reduce the potential for wear and tear of components and experimental results do not find the potential for subluxstation and dislocation."