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"USG transabdominal dapat memainkan peranan didalam menilai derajat varises esofagus. Kriteria diagnostik yang diajukan Kishimoto dkk untuk menilai adanya varises esofagus melalui penilaian ketebalan dan ireguleritas dinding anterior esofagus dengan USG transabdominal dapat dipakai sebagai acuan dalam menilai derajat varises esofagus.

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Transabdominal ultrasound can play a role in assessing the degree of esophageal varicose veins. Diagnostic criteria proposed by Kishimoto et al to assess the presence of esophageal varicose veins

through the assessment of the thickness and irregularity of the anterior wall of the esophagus with transabdominal ultrasound can be used as a reference in assessing the degree of esophageal varicose veins."

"This study was carried out to investigate the effect of 4NQO oral induction in oesophagus of male rat. Sixteen male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three experimental groups and one untreated group as control. The experimental groups were applied with 0.5% 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide on the dorsal mucosa of tongue thrice weekly for 8, 16 or 24 weeks, one brush stroke per application. At the end of the 36th week, all rats were sacrificed and the tongue and oesophagus were excised and fixed in 10% buffed formalin for 24 hours. The H&E sections were prepared for histological examination. The microscopial assessment showed that all rat tongues whether applied with 4NQO for 8, 16 or 24 weeks were identified having Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC). Microscopial examination of oesophagus indicated that 75% or the rats applied with 4NQO for 16 weeks showed hyperkeratosis, and 80% and 20% of the rats applied with 4NQO for 24 weeks showed malignancy changes and hyperkeratosis, respectively. No histological changes were detected either in the tongue or the oesophagus of the control rats. It was concluded that the effect of carcinogenic induction in oral mucosa caused malignant changes in oesophagus."

"Latar belakang: Kanker esofagus dilaporkan sebagai penyebab kematian keenam dari seluruh jenis kanker yang ada di seluruh dunia. Salah satu faktor risiko terjadinyakeganasan esofagus, terutama adenokarsinoma esofagus adalah gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Diagnosis dini GERD sangat penting karena esofagitis refluks kronismerupakan faktor risiko utama terjadinya Barret esofagus, yang merupakan lesi prekursor terjadinya adenokarsinoma esofagus.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui ekspresi p53 dan Ki67 pada esofagitis refluks derajat ringan, esofagitis refluks derajat berat dengan kriteria Esohisto dan Barret esofagus. Bahan dan cara: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan desainpenelitian potong lintang, dengan melakukan pulasan imunohistokimia p53 dan Ki67 pada 76 kasus sampel yang terbagi menjadi 30 kasus esofagitis refluks derajat ringan, 14 kasus esofagitis refluks derajat berat, dan 32 kasus Barret esofagus di Departemen Patologi Anatomik Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia/Rumah Sakit Cipto mangunkusumo (FKUI/RSCM) tahun 2016-2018.Hasil: Ekspresi p53 positif pada 54 kasus sampel (71,1%), terbanyak pada Barret esofagus sebanyak 28 kasus (51,9%). Ekspresi Ki67 tinggi pada 46 kasus (60,5%), terbanyak pada esofagitis refluks derajat berat sebanyak 12 kasus (85,7%) Kesimpulan: Ekspresi p53 dan Ki67 pada esofagitis refluks derajat berrat dan Barret esofagus lebih tinggi dibanding dengan esofagitis refluks derajat ringan.

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Background: Esophageal cancer is reported as the sixth leading cause of death from all types of cancer worldwide. One of the risk factors for esophageal malignancy, especially esophageal adenocarcinoma is gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Early diagnosis of GERD is very important because chronic reflux esophagitis is a major risk factor for Barrett esophagus, which is a precursor lesion to esophageal adenocarcinoma. The aim of this study was to determine p53 and Ki67 expression in mild reflux esophagitis, severe reflux esophagitis with the criteria of Esohisto and Barrett esophagus. Materials and methods: This study is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design, by performing immunohistochemical results of p53 and Ki67 in 76 sample cases which were divided into 30 cases of mild reflux esophagitis, 14 cases of severe reflux esophagitis, and 32 cases of Barret esophagus in the Department Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia / Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (FKUI / RSCM) 2016-2018. Results: P53 positive expression in 54 sample cases (71.1%), most in Barret esophagus

as many as 28 cases (51.9%). Ki67 expression was high in 46 cases (60.5%), most in severe reflux esophagitis as many as 12 cases (85.7%) Conclusion: The expression of p53 and Ki67 in severe reflux esophagitis and Barrett esophagus was higher than in mild reflux esophagitis."

"This book aims to give a homogeneous approach to esophageal cancer treatment, based on the author’s lifetime experience in conjunction with exhaustive review of recent literature. In each chapter surgeons and oncologists will find appropriate tools for correct management of the diagnosis and therapy of this difficult disease. The book analyzes all the aspects of staging and treatment, such as modern diagnostic and staging techniques (MRI or PET-CT), endoscopic treatment of early cancer, new minimally invasive and open surgical techniques, and combined treatment. In addition, there are chapters dedicated to the postoperative course of these patients, as well as their quality of life, with indications for the correct follow-up and treatment of relapses."

"This volume provides a history of Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE), a basic understanding of the physiology of the eosinophil, and a current understanding of the pathophysiology and genetics of EoE. The emphasis is on clinical applications including presenting symptoms, diagnosis and treatment options for patients with EoE. Written by both pediatric and adult experts in the fields of gastroenterology, allergy and pathology. Providing practical information useful in the treatment of patients."

"Assessment of surgical innovation is complex. This is especially true in esophageal surgery owing to difficulties in interpreting pathophysiology, staging malignant tumors with accuracy, and standardizing and tailoring the available surgical procedures to the individual patient. This book introduces the general and the thoracic surgeon to the latest developments in esophageal surgery; in each chapter the reader will find a concise background analysis of the topic in question and a state of the art review of diagnosis and treatment. The indications for surgery and the rationale for use of an innovative technique or technology are discussed in detail. Challenging and provocative questions and comments by selected panelists complement each chapter, enhancing the quality of information. Innovation in Esophageal Surgery will be highly informative for both the novice and the expert surgeon wishing to enter the arena of esophageal surgery.A multidisciplinary team of experts offers an evidence-based approach and critical analysis: endoscopic, surgical, and hybrid surgical techniques that will soon change the approach to esophageal disease are described in detail."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang dan Tujuan : Varises esofagus merupakan komplikasi sirosis hati dengan mortalitas tertinggi. Pemeriksaan USG Doppler yang bersifat non invasif, tersedia luas dan relatif murah, dipertimbangkan sebagai metode skrining, namun belum ditemukan parameter Doppler splenoportal yang dapat digunakan sebagai indikator varises dengan akurat. Indeks volume aliran vena lienalis terhadap kecepatan aliran vena porta dipikirkan dapat menjadi parameter baru yang akurat.Metode : Studi observasional potong lintang dilakukan pada 28 pasien sirosis hati di Divisi Hepatologi Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo dalam kurun waktu November 2015 hingga Februari 2016. Indeks dan parameter Doppler lainnya merupakan data primer. Subjek dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok, yakni kelompok non varises, varises kecil dan besar. Uji komparatif dilakukan untuk membandingkan indeks dan parameter Doppler lainnya diantara ketiga kelompok tersebut. Analisis kurva receiver operating characteristic (ROC) dilakukan pada parameter yang secara statistik bermakna untuk mendapatkan nilai sensitifitas dan spesifisitasnya.Hasil : Nilai tengah indeks pada kelompok non varises 9,60 (4,67 – 15,07), varises kecil 21,18 (8,92 – 25,24) dan varises besar 64,43 (46,67 – 145,88) dengan nilai p<0,001. Pada analisis kurva ROC didapatkan titik potong indeks 15,78 dengan sensitifitas 80% dan spesifisitas 100% untuk membedakan kelompok varises kecil dan non varises, serta titik potong 36,0 dengan sensitifitas dan spesifisitas 100% untuk membedakan kelompok varises besar dan kecil.Kesimpulan : Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara indeks volume aliran vena lienalis terhadap kecepatan aliran vena porta secara ultrasonografi dengan derajat varises esofagus secara endoskopi pada pasien sirosis hati dan indeks tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai indikator varises esofagus dengan akurasi tinggi.

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ABSTRACTBackground and Objective : Esophageal varices is a complication of liver cirrhosis with high mortality. Doppler ultrasound examination is non-invasive, widely available and relatively low cost to be considered as a screening method of varices. Unfortunately, there is still no splenoportal Doppler parameter that can be used as an indicator of varices with high accuracy. Index of splenic vein flow volume to portal vein flow velocity is thought to be a new, more accurate parameter.Methods : A cross-sectional observational study conducted in 28 patients with liver cirrhosis in the Division of Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital during November 2015 to February 2016. Index and other splenoportal Doppler parameters are the primary data. Subjects were divided into three groups : a group of non varices, small and large varices. The comparative test conducted to compare the mean index and other splenoportal Doppler parameters among the three groups. Analysis of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed on parameters that are statistically significant to get the sensitivity and specificity value.Results : Median index in the group of non varices is 9,60 (4,67 – 15,07), 21,18 (8,92 – 25,24) in small varices and 64,43 (46,67 – 145,88) in large varices group with p<0.001. ROC curve analysis generated optimal cutting point index 15,78 which gives 80% sensitivity and 100% specificity to differentiate small and non varices group and the cutoff point of 36.0 which provides 100% sensitivity and specificity to differentiate among the large and small varices.Conclusions : There is a significant association between the index of splenic vein flow volume to portal vein flow velocity by ultrasound with the degree of esophageal varices by endoscopy in patients with liver cirrhosis and this index can be used as indicator of esophageal varices with high accuracy."

"Protrusi prostat intravesika adalah penonjolan prostat yang mengindentasi buli-buli akibat pertumbuhan prostat lobus median dan lateral. Terdapat hubungan yang positif antara protrusi prostat intravesika, volume prostat, ketebalan otot detrusor buli-buli dan keluhan berkemih. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengukur tingkat korelasi antara panjang protrusi prostat intravesika dengan ketebalan otot detrusor buli-buli.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian korelasi menggunakan disain potong lintang. Uji korelasi yang dilakukan adalah uji korelasi Spearman Rank.Hasil: Selama bulan Juli dan Agustus 2013 didapatkan jumlah sampel 20 orang. Rerata tebal otot detrusor buli-buli 2,83 mm (SD 0,64). Rerata panjang protrusi prostat intravesika 7,44 mm (SD 4,63). Hasil uji korelasi Spearman Rank didapatkan koefisien korelasi 0,54 (p 0,015).Kesimpulan: terdapat korelasi yang kuat antara panjang protrusi prostat intravesika dengan ketebalan otot detrusor buli-buli.

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Introduction : intravesical prostatic protrusion is prostatic protrusion to the bladder wall due to the growth of the median and lateral lobes of the prostate . There is a positive relationship between intravesical prostatic protrusion , prostate volume , thickness of the bladder detrusor muscle and bladder complaints . The purpose of this study was to Measure the degree of correlation between the length of intravesical prostatic protrusion with the detrussor wall thickness.

Methods : This study is a correlation study using cross-sectional design . Correlation test was performed Spearman Rank correlation test .

Results : During the months of July and August 2013 found 20 persons of samples. The mean of detrussor wall thickness 2.83 mm ( SD 0.64 ) . The mean of intravesical prostatic protrusion length 7.44 mm ( SD 4.63 ) . Spearman Rank correlation test results obtained correlation coefficient 0.54 ( p 0.015 ) .

Conclusion : there is a strong correlation between the length of intravesical prostatic protrusion with detrussor wall thickness."

"Pendahuluan : Insidensi pembesaran kelenjar prostat mencapai 50% pada pria berusia 50 tahun keatas. Berbagai modalitas pemeriksaan radiologi memiliki sensitifitas yang berbedabeda dalam estimasi volume kelenjar prostat. Modalitas yang paling tersedia di Indonesia pada layanan kesehatan adalah USG transabdominal dan Computed tomography scan (CT scan). Tujuan : Menilai korelasi modalitas USG transabdominal dan CT scan dalam estimasi ukuran volume kelenjar prostat. Metode : Studi korelasi dilakukan pada pasien pria berusia diatas 50 tahun keatas yang menjalani pemeriksaan CT scan whole abdomen dan dilakukan pengukuran volume kelenjar prostat dengan USG transabdominal. Setiap dimensi ukuran kelenjar prostat dan volume merupakan data numerik terdistribusi tidak normal, sehingga digunakan uji Spearman. Hasil : Dari 23 subjek penelitian, didapatkan korelasi dimensi panjang (r=0,53, p=0,01), dimensi lebar (r=0,81, p=0,00), dan dimensi tinggi (r=0,64, p=0,001) yang signifikan. Untuk korelasi volume kelenjar prostat (r=0,80, p=0,000) didapatkan signifikan. Kesimpulan : Terdapat korelasi yang signifikan pada setiap ukuran dimensi kelenjar prostat dan volume yang didapatkan.

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Introduction : Prostate gland enlargement incidence about 50% in male population age 50 years and above. There are so many radiology modalities with difference sensitifity in estimating prostate volume. The most available modalities in Indonesian health care services are transabdominal sonography and computed tomography scan (CT scan).

Objective : Assessing correlation in both modalities in evaluating prostate volume measurement.

Methods : Correlation study was done in male ages 50 years and above underwent whole abdominal CT scan and prostate gland were measured by transabdominal sonography. Both numeric data were abnormal distribution, so Spearman test was done.

Results : There are significant correlation either between length (r=0,53, p=0,01), wide (r=0,81, p=0,00), and height dimensions (r=0,64, p=0,001) or volume measurement (r=0,80, p=0,000) in 23 subjects.

Conclusions : Significant correlation either in each prostate dimension or prostate volume measurement."