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"This book provides insight on the concept of social value and social return on investment (SROI) - or measures to evaluate the social outcomes from interventions, beyond simply jobs and income. It offers a new and holistic perspective on the values generated from environmental stewardship and forest governance, and focuses on the methods, approaches and outcomes for understanding social value and SROI. The book offers new directions in social value and SROI, including cultural and spiritual outcomes, gender equity, and health and well-being, and provides pathways for implementing interventions and measuring social impact. It includes state of the art approaches from diverse and interdisciplinary experts drawn from academia and professional practice, including the voices and perspectives of Indigenous Peoples and local communities involved in programs, with a focus on environmental stewardship. Social value and SROI are increasingly used to assess outcomes from conservation and thisbook broadens the conversation on the impact and business case for these interventions. The book offers practical guidance to readers in pursuing social value and those seeking to measure it."

"ABSTRAKDampak perubahan iklim mempengaruhi perekonomian dan masyarakat, tetapi saat ini belum tercermin dalam sistem akuntansi yang menjadi dasar pengambilan keputusan pembangunan ekonomi. Sistem akuntansi yang mengintegrasikan data ekonomi, sosial, dan lingkungan akan mendorong pembangunan berkelanjutan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membangun sistem akuntansi Social Environmental Economic Accounting Matrix SEEAM tahun 2008 yang mengintegrasikan Sistem Neraca Sosial Ekonomi SNSE , dengan dampak perubahan iklim yang ditimbulkan oleh emisi GRK dan menganalisis SEEAM untuk mengetahui dampak perubahan iklim pada ekonomi dan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Hasil penelitian berupa terbangunnya SEEAM perubahan iklim tahun 2008 yang mengambarkan penurunan PDB tahun 2008 sebesar Rp215.336,64 Miliar atau 4,18 PDB akibat dampak perubahan iklim. Lebih lanjut, analisis atas SEEAM menunjukkan bahwa pendapatan institusi, nilai tambah dan konsumsi atas output sektor produksi mengalami penurunan sebagai akibat dari dampak perubahan iklim. Kebaruan penelitian ini adalah pada penyusunan SEEAM yang mengintegrasikan kegiatan ekonomi, sosial, dan lingkungan hidup dengan menggunakan nilai moneter sehingga dapat menjadi alat analisis kebijakan pembangunan yang berkelanjutan.

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ABSTRACTClimate change have impacted to the economy and people but haven rsquo;t been incorporated in the national accounting system for decision making tool in the economic development. The accounting system that has already incorporated economy, social and environment data in it makes the development policy tend to more sustainable. This research want to develop the Social Environmental Economic Accounting Matrix SEEAM year 2008 by integrating Indonesia Social Accounting Matrix SAM 2008 with the impact of climate change to be used for decision making tool and, to know how the climate change will impact the economy and people walfare. The research has developed the Climate Change SEEAM year 2008 and shows that the decreasing of the GDP in 2008 by Rp215.336,64 Billion or 4,18 GDP caused by climate change. Furthermore, the climate change also decreases the income of the household, the value-added and the consumption of the production of the Sector. The novelty of the research is the development of the SEEAM that has already integrated the monetary value of the economy, social and environment activities for the economy development decision making tools. "

"The Conference of Parties (COP) 15 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), held in Copenhagen in December 2009, ended with no legally-binding commitments. The confer­ence has produced the Copenhagen Accord, but left many issues unad­dressed, and thus, creating uncertainty concerning the future of the Kyoto Protocol. This is certainly not a very promising outcome, since the COP 13 in Bali has mandated a legally-binding agreement to be concluded in COP 15.The results of the conference have sparked critiques, while the world leaders started to blame each other for the collapse of the climate talks in Copenhagen. Developing countries pointed at the developed countries for the uneasy results of the Copenhagen meeting, as clearly indicated by the statement of the spokesperson of the G77 who blamed the US President for `locking the poor into permanent poverty by refusing to reduce US emissions further'. On the other hand, leaders of developed countries blamed the fast-growing developing countries for the failure.' Still, however, other countries see the Accord as the best possible result of otherwise worse alternatives that could be achieved in Copenhagen.2 Hence, they declared their association with the Accord and subsequently submitted their emission reduction plans. Indonesia belongs to this latter group by submitting its unilateral pledge to cut emissions by 26 to 41 per cent of its Business as Usual (BAU) emissions in 2020.Given all controversies surrounding the Accord, one may ask why a developing country like Indonesia needs to be associated with the Accord in the first place. Further, questions may also arise as to the legal statusof the Accord and the position of developing countries in the next climate talks. In addition, one may also pose a question as to whether Indonesia could achieve its pledge by considering policies and laws related to Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) mitigation in Indonesia.To answer these questions, this chapter is structured as follows. After this introduction, Section 1 will discuss various important issues in the Copenhagen Accord. The discussions will be followed by an overview of some challenges that probably surface in the next climate talks. Section 2 attempts to provide a proposal on emission reduction targets that are more consistent with the common but differentiated principle, given the needs to keep the increased temperature below 2° Centigrade. Section 3 discusses some policies and laws related to GHGs mitigation in Indonesia. Section 4 analyses Indonesian legal responses to climate change. Some concluding remarks will be provided in Section 5."

"Achieving climate justice is increasingly recognized as one of the key problems associated with climate change, helping us to determine how good or bad the effects of climate change are, and whether any harms are fairly distributed. The numerous and complex issues which climate change involves underline the need for a normative framework that allows us both to assess the dangers that we face and to create a just distribution of the costs of action. This collection of original essays by leading scholars sheds new light on the key problems of climate justice, offering innovative treatments of a range of issues including international environmental institutions, geoengineering, carbon budgets, and the impact on future generations. It will be a valuable resource for researchers and upper-level students of ethics, environmental studies, and political philosophy."

"Sebagian studi komunikasi perubahan iklim berfokus kepada pembingkaian isu yang dilakukan oleh media arus utama. Penelitian kali ini mencoba berkontribusi dalam studi sejenis dengan melakukan komparasi pembingkaian antara media arus utama dan media niche dalam konteks negara berkembang. Studi diarahkan kepada perbandingan kedalaman, pembingkaian dan penggunaan sumber informasi, dengan metode analisis isi kuantitatif, antara Kompas.com, sebagai media arus utama, dan Mongabay.co.id, sebagai media niche di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan kedalaman dan keragaman perspektif peliputan dari media niche. Secara keseluruhan, bingkai dampak dan atribusi pertanggungjawaban, dan sumber informasi yang berasal dari pemerintah Indonesia, cenderung digunakan oleh kedua kanal berita. Perbedaan terlihat dari Mongabay.co.id yang mengikutsertakan suara masyarakat lokal, dan lebih berfokus pada peliputan isu advokasi terkait perubahan iklim. Sedangkan Kompas.com mencoba menyeimbangkan sumber informasi dan cenderung tidak mengambil posisi secara eksplisit.

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Some studies on climate change communication focus on issue framing conducted by mainstream media. This research aims to contribute to a similar study by comparing the framing between mainstream and niche media in the context of developing countries. The study focuses on the depth, framing, and use of information sources, using quantitative content analysis methods, between Kompas.com as mainstream media and Mongabay.co.id as niche media in Indonesia. The results show the depth and diversity of coverage perspectives from niche media. Overall, impact framing, accountability attribution, and information sources from the Indonesian government still tend to be used by both news channels. Differences are observed in Mongabay.co.id, which includes the voices of local communities and focuses more on advocacy  coverage related to climate change. In contrast, Kompas.com attempts to balance information sources and tends not to take explicit positions."

"Perkara litigasi perubahan iklim kini semakin berkembang dan dapat diidentifikasidalam berbagai yurisdiksi, termasuk Indonesia. Namun, karakteristik khusus dariisu perubahan iklim yang berbeda dengan permasalahan lingkungan hidupkonvensional telah membawa berbagai isu hukum dalam litigasi perubahan iklim.Salah satu isu yang muncul dalam litigasi perubahan iklim yang ditemukan adalahkedudukan hukum sebagai hambatan prosedural. Dalam perkara Izin LingkunganPLTU Celukan Bawang yang merupakan perkara litigasi perubahan iklim terkaitAmdal pertama di Indonesia, gugatan Penggugat ditolak oleh PTUN Denpasarkarena dinilai tidak memiliki kedudukan hukum. Penelitian ini akan melihatbagaimana kedudukan hukum dalam perkara litigasi perubahan iklim di Indonesiamuncul sebagai hambatan dengan membandingkan dengan Perkara Earthlife v.MoE dan Border Power Plant v. DoE dan BLM . Lebih jauh lagi, Penelitian iniakan melihat bagaimana PTUN Denpasar mempertimbangkan isu emisi GasRumah Kaca sebagai elemen penting dalam litigasi perubahan iklim. Penelitianini berkesimpulan bahwa kedudukan hukum dapat menjadi hambatan bagi litigasiperubahan iklim apabila terdapat inkonsistensi interpretasi terkait kedudukanhukum di Pengadilan. Selain itu, PTUN Denpasar belum dapat melihatkekhususan dari emisi gas rumah kaca yang merupakan karakteristik isuperubahan iklim. Padahal, dengan kerangka hukum yang ada di Indonesia, perkaraini memiliki potensi besar untuk mendorong pembaruan hukum.

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Climate change litigation cases have been growing in numbers and identified in

various jurisdictions, including Indonesia. However, the characteristic on climate

change issues that differ from conventional environmental problems lead to

several legal issues arise in climate change litigation. One of them is legal

standing as the procedural barrier on climate change litigation. On Indonesia’s

first EIA related climate change litigation case, Celukan Bawang Coal-Fired

Power Plant, PTUN Denpasar rejected the plantiff’s claim as they failed to fullfill

the legal standing criteria. This study will examine how is standing provision in

Indonesia arises as a procedural barrier by comparing the case with two other

cases in two different jurisdictions,such as Earthlife v. MoE and Border Power

Plant v. DoE and BLM. Furthermore, this study will examine PTUN Denpasar’s

consideration on greenhouse gases emission as one of the core characteristics of

climate change issue. This study concludes that standing provision in Indonesia

may pose a procedural barrier for climate change litigation if interpreted

inconsistently by the court. In addition, PTUN Denpasar has failed to show an

adequate understanding on greenhouse gasses as the core of climate change issue.

Reflecting on Indonesia’s current legal framework, this case used to have a huge

potential on promoting legal reform."

"Perubahan iklim saat ini menuntut perilaku konkret yang berdampak positif pada lingkungan, seperti pro-environmental behavior. Kehadiran pro-environmental behavior juga dibutuhkan dalam lingkup organisasi dan pekerja, karena berpengaruh terhadap efektivitas organisasi. Faktor-faktor beragam memengaruhi pro-environmental behavior, termasuk tingkat extraversion seseorang. Kehadiran pro-environmental behavior juga dapat disebabkan oleh eco-anxiety yang dialami seseorang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat peranan eco-anxiety sebagai mediator antara extraversion dengan pro- environmental behavior pada masyarakat Indonesia yang tergolong usia pekerja. Sebanyak 241 warga negara Indonesia yang tergolong usia pekerja, yaitu usia 19–58 tahun, menjadi partisipan dalam penelitian ini. Alat ukur yang digunakan yaitu Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI), Hogg Eco-Anxiety Scale (HEAS-13), dan Pro- Environmental Behavior Scale (PEBS-2013). Data pada penelitian ini dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis mediasi model 4 dari Hayes, dengan menggunakan PROCESS v4.2. Temuan dari penelitian menunjukkan adanya partial mediation, yaitu tingkat extraversion secara langsung dapat memotivasi seseorang untuk memunculkan perilaku yang berdampak positif bagi lingkungan, sebagai pemenuhan norma sosial. Lebih lanjut, eco-anxiety memainkan peran signifikan sebagai mediator dalam hubungan antara extraversion dan pro-environmental behavior. Namun, kehadiran eco-anxiety pada penelitian ini diprediksi menjadi variabel suppressor. Hal ini memberikan implikasi bagi organisasi bahwa eco-anxiety perlu ditanggapi dan difasilitasi secara positif agar dapat menghasilkan dampak yang positif. Penelitian ini memberikan gambaran tentang keterkaitan antara pro-environmental behavior, extraversion, dan eco-anxiety di masyarakat Indonesia usia pekerja yang masih jarang diteliti. Limitasi pada penelitian ini juga dibahas lebih lanjut.

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The current climate change demands concrete behaviors that positively impact the environment, such as pro-environmental behavior. The presence of pro-environmental behavior is also needed in the context of organizations and workers, as it affects organizational effectiveness. Various factors influence pro-environmental behavior, including an individual's level of extraversion. The presence of pro-environmental behavior can also be triggered by a person's eco-anxiety. This study aims to see the role of eco-anxiety as a mediator between extraversion and pro-environmental behavior among Indonesian working-age individuals. A total of 241 Indonesian citizens within the working-age range, from 19 to 58 years old, participated in this research. The measurement tools used were the Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI), Hogg Eco- Anxiety Scale (HEAS-13), and Pro-Environmental Behavior Scale (PEBS-2013). The findings of the study showed partial mediation, which that the level of extraversion can directly motivate someone to exhibit environmentally positive behaviors as a fulfillment of social norms. Furthermore, eco-anxiety plays a significant role as a mediator in the relationship between extraversion and pro-environmental behavior. However, the presence of eco-anxiety in this study was predicted to be a suppressor variable. This has implications for organizations that eco-anxiety needs to be addressed and facilitated in a positive way in order to have a positive impact. This study provides an overview of the relationships between extraversion, pro-environmental behavior, and eco-anxiety in the working-age population in Indonesia, a field that has been relatively underexplored. The limitations of this study are also discussed further."

"Salah satu dampak adanya perubahan iklim adalah penurunan kualitas habitat alami flora dan fauna yang terdapat di Indonesia sehingga memberikan risiko hilangnya sebagian besar biodevirsitas yang ada. Dengan keanekaragaman hayati yang tinggi dan sebagai habitat alami beberapa spesies endemik, Pulau Obi tidak dapat terlepas dari ancaman dampak perubahan iklim. Selain itu, adanya konsesi wilayah tambang dengan luas 38.911,51 ha dapat berdampak secara langsung terhadap potensi habitat satwa endemik yang ada. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan pemodelan potensi habitat satwa endemik Pulau Obi dan mengetahui ancaman akibat perubahan iklim serta adanya konsesi wilayah tambang agar dapat dilakukan upaya preventif untuk menghindari punahnya satwa endemik yang ada. Species Distribution Models (SDM) memainkan peran penting dalam mengukur hubungan antara spesies dengan habitat dan memprediksi distribusi spesies dalam kajian terkait ekologi, konservasi, dan pengelolaan lingkungan. Di antara model distribusi tersebut, MaxEnt digunakan secara luas karena kinerja prediktifnya yang sangat baik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pola distribusi spesies endemik pada kondisi iklim saat ini, mensintesa model dampak perubahan iklim terhadap distribusi potensi habitat spesies endemik dan menganalisis dampak secara langsung dan tidak langsung adanya konsesi wilayah pertambangan terhadap distribusi potensi habitat spesies endemik di Pulau Obi. Hasilnya Dengan memodelkan potensi habitat spesies endemik di Pulau Obi menggunakan metode Maximum Entropy pada kondisi iklim saat ini, diperoleh model potensi habitat untuk 3 spesies dari total 6 spesies. 3 spesies yang tidak dapat dibuat model potensi habitatnya dikarenakan keterbatasan data titik occurrence dimana hanya terdapat satu titik occurrence. Spesies yang dapat dimodelkan potensi habitatnya adalah Eulipoa wallacei, Ptilinopus granulifrons dan Scolopax rochussenii, ketiganya merupakan burung endemik Pulau Obi. Model potensi habitat Eulipoa wallacei dengan AUC= 0,837 memiliki potensi habitat sangat sesuai dengan luas 480,39 km2 atau 19,52%. Model potensi habitat Ptilinopus granulifrons dengan AUC= 0,955 memiliki potensi habitat sangat sesuai dengan luas 66,02 km2 atau 2,68%. Model potensi habitat Scolopax rochussenii dengan AUC= 0,954 memiliki potensi habitat sangat sesuai dengan luas 61,68 km2 atau 2,51%. Adanya perubahan iklim tahun 2041-2060 dengan 4 skenario iklim yang berbeda memberikan dampak pada model potensi habitat spesies endemik Pulau Obi. Pada masing-masing spesies yang dimodelkan dengan 4 skenario iklim tahun 2041-2060, terjadi penurunan luas potensi habitat yang sesuai maupun peningkatan luas potensi habitat yang tidak sesuai. Wilayah Izin Usaha Pertambangan di Pulau Obi yang telah diterbitkan hingga Maret 2022 berjumlah 19 lokasi dengan total luas 373.14 km2 akan memberikan dampak secara langsung maupun tidak langsung terhadap potensi habitat spesies endemik di Pulau Obi. Rata-rata berdasarkan 4 skenario perubahan iklim yang ada 36,78 km2 dari 196,76 km2 potensi habitat yang sangat sesuai untuk Eulipoa wallacei akan terdampak secara langsung dengan adanya area-area pertambangan tersebut. Selain itu, 14,17 km2 dari 66,67 km2 potensi habitat yang sangat sesuai untuk Ptilinopus granulifrons dan 13.05 km2 dari 66.67 km2 potensi habitat yang sangat sesuai untuk Scolopax rochussenii.

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One of the impacts of climate change is the degradation quality of natural habitats of flora and fauna in Indonesia, risking the loss of most of the existing biodiversity. With high biodiversity and as a natural habitat for several endemic species, Obi Island cannot be avoided from the threat of climate change impacts. Besides that, the existence of a mining concession with an area of ​​38,911.51 ha can have a direct impact on the potential habitat of endemic animals. Therefore, it is necessary to model the habitat potential of Obi Island endemic animals and to know the threats due to climate change and the existence of mining concessions so that preventive efforts can be made to avoid the extinction of endemic animals. Species Distribution Models (SDM) play an important role in measuring the relationship between species, habitats and predicting species distribution. Among the distribution models, MaxEnt is widely used because of its excellent predictive performance. The purpose of this study is to analyze the distribution pattern of endemic species under current climatic conditions, synthesize models of the impact of climate change on the potential distribution of endemic species habitats and analyze the direct and indirect impacts of mining concessions on the distribution of potential habitats of endemic species on Obi Island. By modeling the habitat potential of endemic species on Obi Island using the Maximum Entropy method in the current climatic conditions, a model of habitat potential was obtained for 3 species out of a total of 6 species. 3 species whose habitat potential cannot be modeled due to limited data on occurrence points where there is only one point of occurrence. Species that can be modeled for potential habitats are Eulipoa wallacei, Ptilinopus granulifrons and Scolopax rochussenii, all three are endemic birds of Obi Island. The habitat potential model of Eulipoa wallacei with AUC = 0.837 has a very suitable habitat potential with an area of ​​480.39 km2 or 19.52%. The habitat potential model of Ptilinopus granulifrons with AUC = 0.955 has a very suitable habitat potential with an area of ​​66.02 km2 or 2.68%. The habitat potential model of Scolopax rochussenii with AUC = 0.954 has a very suitable habitat potential with an area of ​​61.68 km2 or 2.51%. The existence of climate change in 2041-2060 with 4 different climate scenarios has an impact on the potential habitat model for Obi Island endemic species. In each species modeled with 4 climate scenarios in 2041-2060, there is a decrease in the area of ​​potential suitable habitat and an increase in the area of ​​potential habitat that is not suitable. Mining Business Permit Areas on Obi Island that have been issued until March 2022 total 19 locations with a total area of ​​373.14 km2 which will have a direct or indirect impact on the habitat potential of endemic species on Obi Island. On average, based on the 4 climate change scenarios, 36.78 km2 of 196.76 km2 of potential habitat that is very suitable for Eulipoa wallacei will be directly affected by the presence of these mining areas. In addition, 14.17 km2 of 66.67 km2 of potential habitat that is very suitable for Ptilinopus granulifrons and 13.05 km2 of 66.67 km2 of potential habitat that is very suitable for Scolopax rochussenii"