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"This book provides a relatively whole view of data-driven decision-making methods for energy service innovation and energy system optimization. Through personalized energy services provision and energy efficiency improvement, the book can contribute to the green transformation of energy system and the sustainable development of the society. The book gives a new way to achieve smart energy management, based on various data mining and machine learning methods, including fuzzy clustering, shape-based clustering, ensemble clustering, deep learning, and reinforcement learning. The applications of these data-driven methods in improving energy efficiency and supporting energy service innovation are presented. Moreover, this book also investigates the role of blockchain in supporting peer-to-peer (P2P) electricity trading innovation, thus supporting smart energy management. The general scope of this book mainly includes load clustering, load forecasting, price-based demand response, incentive-based demand response, and energy blockchain-based electricity trading. The intended readership of the book includes researchers and engineers in related areas, graduate and undergraduate students in university, and some other general interested audience. The important features of the book are: (1) it introduces various data-driven methods for achieving different smart energy management tasks; (2) it investigates the role of data-driven methods in supporting various energy service innovation; and (3) it explores energy blockchain in P2P electricity trading, and thus supporting smart energy management."

"Fasad merupakan salah satu elemen penting yang berfungsi untuk mengatur aliran energi pada bangunan. Fasad adaptif diperlukan karena kemampuannya untuk menyediakan fleksibilitas dalam aspek aliran energi dan mampu merespon kondisi eksternal yang dinamis untuk mencapai kenyamanan termal bangunan sehingga mampu mengatur penggunaan energi dalam bangunan. Fasad adaptif dapat dicapai dengan beberapa strategi, salah satunya adalah penggunaan smart material yaitu material yang mampu merespon terhadap perubahan pada medan energi tertentu dengan cara mengubah properti materialnya. Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk melihat potensi smart material pada fasad bangunan dan aplikasinya dalam membentuk fasad adaptif untuk mengidentifikasi dampak pada konsumsi energi, terutama pada aspek space cooling. Untuk mengidentifikasi dampak pada konsumsi energi, simulasi energi dilakukan dengan output nilai Energy Use Intensity (EUI) pada bangunan dengan fasad eksisting dan pengubahan fasad berbahan smart material PV dan PCM. Hasil EUI antar fasad kemudian dibandingkan untuk menilai dampak fasad berbahan smart material pada konsumsi energi. Selain itu nilai EUI yang diperoleh juga dibandingkan dengan standar untuk menilai kategori penggunaan energi yang dapat dicapai oleh bangunan. Dari hasil simulasi diperoleh bahwa tidak terdapat pengurangan konsumsi energi pada pengubahan fasad berbahan smart material apabila dibandingkan dengan penggunaan fasad eksisting. Sebaliknya, beberapa variasi fasad berbahan smart material PV dan PCM menunjukan peningkatan pada solar heat gain dan konsumsi energi bangunan terutama pada aspek space cooling. Meski begitu, bangunan dengan variasi fasad smart material masih dapat dikategorikan sebagai bangunan energi efisien menurut standar penggunaan energi di Indonesia.

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Facade is an important element that regulates the flow of energy in buildings. Adaptive facades are needed for their ability to provide flexibility in terms of energy flow and for their responses to dynamic external conditions thus help achieve thermal comfort in buildings leading to the impact on energy use. Adaptive facades can be achieved with several strategies, one of which is the use of smart materials, namely materials that are able to respond to changes of certain energy fields by changing their properties. This thesis aims to assess the potential of smart materials for building facades and their applications in forming adaptive facades to identify their impact on energy consumption, especially for space cooling. To do so, energy simulations are carried out with the output of Energy Use Intensity (EUI) value on buildings. This simulation is conducted on a chosen building with existing facades and with variations of facades modification using smart materials; PV and PCM. EUI results between facades are then compared to assess the impact of each facades on energy consumption. In addition, the obtained EUI values are also compared with standards to assess the categories of energy use that can be achieved by the building. The simulation results show that there is no reduction in energy consumption in the modification of facades made of smart materials when compared to the use of the existing facade. In contrast, several variations of façades made of PV and PCM smart materials show an increase in indoor solar heat gain and building energy consumption, especially for space cooling purposes. Even so, buildings with smart material facade variations can still be categorized as energy efficient buildings according to energy use standards in Indonesia."

"ABSTRAKPLTS dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai catu daya listrik BTS hijau. EnergiIistrik yang dihasilkan oleh PLTS cenderung tidak kontinyu, berubah-ubah setiapwaktu bergantung pada kondisi cuaca sekitarnya padahal BTS memerlukan sistemcatu daya listrik yang kontinyu dan andal selama 24 jam sehari. Oleh karena itu,perlu dilakukan pembagian kontribusi energi diantara PLTS dan baterai sebagaimedia penyimpan energi untuk memasok kebutuhan energi BTS. Kontribusienergi ini diatur dengan algoritma manajemen energi yang disimulasikanmenggunakan MATLAB/SIMULINK dalam kondisi cuaca cerah dan cuacaberawan/hujan dalam siklus 24 jam.Hasil simulasi dalam kondisi cuaca cerah, diperoleh kontribusi energiPLTS 54,06 kWh atau 49,688% dan kontribusi energi pengosongan baterai 54,74kWh atau 50,30%, dari total kebutuhan energi listrik BTS. Dalam kondisi cuacahujan, diperoleh kontribusi energi PLTS 14,73 kWh atau I3,54% dan kontribusienergi pengosongan baterai 98,645 kWh atau 90,67% dari total kebutuhan energilistrik BTS.Sedangkan nilai SOC baterai tidak pernah turun dibawah 25% dalam duakondisi tersebut, sehingga dapat diprediksikan bahwa ketersediaan energi bateraidapat memenuhi kebutuhan energi BTS selama dua hari berturut-turut (dalamkondisi cuaca hujan) secara mandiri.

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AbstractPhotovoltaic systems can be used as electrical power supply for greenBTS. Electrical energy produced by photovoltaic system has an trend ofdiscontinue, timely variation depends on environment weather conditions, butBTS need a reliably and continuously power supply in 24 hours a day. In suchconditions, needed an energy contribution sharing between photovoltaic systemand battery as an energy storage for supplying of BTS energy demands. Theenergy contributions regulated by an energy management algorithms that aresimulated by MATLAB/SIMULINK in a sunny day dan a cloudy day conditionsat 24 hours cycles.The simulation result in a sunny day condition, showing that an energyphotovoltaic system contribution 54,06 kWh or 49,688% dan a contribution ofdischarging energy battery 54,74 kWh or 50,30% to supply all BTS energydemands. For the simulation results in a cloudy day condition, showing that anenergy photovoltaic system conuibution 14,73 kWh or 13,54% and a contributionof discharging energy battery 98,645 kWh or 90,67% to supply all BTS energydemands.In both simulation conditions, SOC never dropped under 25%, so it can bepredicted that the avalaibility of battery energi can meets all BTS energy demandsfor two consecutive cloudy days in stand-alone state."

"The accurate of thermal gradients in concrete calls for models that characterize the temperature"

"Bandar udara atau yang biasa disebut aerodrome adalah suatu kawasan tertentu di darat atau di air (termasuk bangunan, instalasi, dan peralatan) yang diperuntukkan baik seluruhnya atau sebagian untuk kedatangan, keberangkatan, dan pergerakan pesawat udara. Dalam menjalankan operasinya, sebuah bandar udara membutuhkan konsumsi listrik untuk mengaliri beberapa fasilitas wajib yang menunjang kegiatan penerbangan. Bandara juga merupakan salah satu konsumen energi terbesar. Energi listrik dan panas harian yang dikonsumsi oleh bandara setara dengan kota berpenduduk 100.000 jiwa dan merupakan salah satu pusat konsumsi energi terbesar dalam masyarakat modern. Bandara Internasional Soekarno Hatta sebagai salah satu bandara tersibuk di dunia, khususnya di Asia, mengkonsumsi energi listrik yang cukup besar untuk mendukung kegiatan operasionalnya. Tingginya konsumsi listrik secara langsung berdampak pada meningkatnya biaya langganan listrik. Sehubungan dengan tingginya konsumsi listrik di PT Angkasa Pura II, maka perlu dilakukan pengelolaan energi secara spesifik, khususnya di Gedung Terminal yang merupakan konsumen energi terbesar di Bandara Internasional Soekarno Hatta (74%). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi peralatan di terminal yang mengkonsumsi listrik dalam jumlah besar dan memberikan analisis ekonomi investasi yang dapat dilakukan untuk menghemat energi.

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Airport or commonly known as an aerodrome is a specific area on land or water (including buildings, installations, and equipment) designated either wholly or partly for the arrival, departure, and movement of aircraft. In carrying out its operations, an airport requires electricity consumption to power several mandatory facilities that support aviation activities. Airports are also one of the largest energy consumers. The daily electricity and heat energy consumed by an airport are equivalent to a city with a population of 100,000 and are one of the largest energy consumption centers in modern society. Soekarno Hatta International Airport, as one of the busiest airports in the world, particularly in Asia, consumes a considerable amount of electricity to support its operational activities. The high consumption of electricity directly affects the increased cost of electricity subscriptions. Due to the high consumption of electricity at PT Angkasa Pura II, specific energy management needs to be carried out, particularly at the Terminal Building, as it is the largest energy consumer at Soekarno Hatta International Airport (74%). The purpose of this research is to evaluate the equipment in the terminal that consumes massive amounts of electricity and to provide an economic analysis of investments that can be made to save energy."

"Inefficient energy use in buildings is both increasingly expensive and unsustainable. Indeed, the reduction of the energy consumption of existing buildings is as least as important as the design of new low-energy buildings. Controlling energy use is one thing, but it is important to assess or estimate it, and to understand the range of interventions for reducing its use and the methods for assessing the cost effectiveness of these measures. This comprehensive guide clearly and concisely covers the various issues from a theoretical standpoint and provides practical, worked examples where appropriate, along with examples of how the calculations are carried out. Topics covered include:where and how energy is used in buildings energy audits measuring and monitoring energy use techniques for reducing energy use in buildings legislative issues.It provides a template for instigating the energy management process within an organization, as well as guidance on management issues such as employee motivation, and gives practical details on how to carry it through. This book should appeal to building managers and facilities managers and also to students of energy management modules in FE and HE courses."

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Skripsi ini membahas bentuk diskriminasi yang dilakukan oleh Uni Eropa melalui kebijakan Renewable Energy Directive (RED) terhadap komoditi sawit yang berdampak pada negara produsen sawit diantaranya Indonesia dan Malaysia. Uni Eropa melakukan bentuk diskriminasi melalui skema Indirect Land Use Change (ILUC) dan sertifikasi sebagai syarat diberlakukannya RED. Skema ILUC memberikan hambatan non-tarif dan  hambatan tarif. Komoditi sawit dikategorikan sebagai komoditi High Risk karena memiliki nilai ILUC yang tinggi, hal ini bedampak pada penurunan nilai jual sawit di Uni Eropa. Selain skema ILUC, sertifikasi Certification of Sustainable Palm Oil (CSPO) RED juga memberikan hambatan non-tarif yang membatasi masuknya komoditi sawit ke pasar Uni Eropa, hal ini dikarenakan sertifikasi CSPO-RED bersifat wajib bagi komoditi yang akan masuk kedalam pasar Uni Eropa. Kedua hambatan tersebut merugikan Malaysia dan Indonesia sebagai eksportir terbesar sawit ke Uni Eropa. Indonesia dan Malaysia dirugikan karena terkena dampak tarif biaya dari skema ILUC sehingga menurunkan harga jual minyak sawit, selain itu Malaysia dan Indonesia juga dirugikan dengan tidak diakuinya sertifikasi lokal MSPO dan ISPO yang tidak berbeda jauh dari CSPO-RED. Diskriminasi yang dilakukan oleh RED Uni Eropa dalam skripsi ini penulis jelaskan menggunakan analisis teori proteksionisme oleh Levy dan mengaitkannya langsung dengan prinsip Non-diskriminasi World Trade Organization (WTO). Bentuk proteksionisme RED Uni Eropa dianalisa berdasarkan tingkat transparansinya (Intentional), Incidental, dan Instrumental Protectionism.

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This thesis discusses the forms of discrimination carried out by the European Union through the Renewable Energy Directive (RED) policy on palm oil commodities that have an impact on palm producing countries including Indonesia and Malaysia. The European Union carries out forms of discrimination through the Indirect Land Use Change (ILUC) scheme and certification as a condition for the enactment of RED. The ILUC scheme provides non-tariff barriers and tariff barriers. The palm oil commodity is categorized as a High Risk commodity because it has a high ILUC value, this affects the decline in the value of palm oil sales in the European Union. In addition to the ILUC certification scheme, the Certification of Sustainable Palm Oil (CSPO) RED also provides non-tariff barriers that limit the entry of palm oil commodities into the European Union market, this is because CSPO-RED certification is mandatory for commodities that will enter the EU market. Both of these obstacles harm Malaysia and Indonesia as the largest exporters of palm oil to the European Union. Indonesia and Malaysia were disadvantaged because they were affected by the cost tariffs of the ILUC scheme, thereby reducing the selling price of palm oil, besides that Malaysia and Indonesia were also disadvantaged by the non-recognition of MSPO and ISPO local certification that did not differ greatly from CSPO-RED. Discrimination conducted by RED of the European Union in this thesis the author explains using the analysis of protectionist theory by Levy and relates it directly to the principle of Non-discrimination World Trade Organization (WTO). The forms of protectionism of the EU RED are analyzed based on the level of transparency (Incentional), Incidental, and Instrumental Protectionism.

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Situasi Pandemi Covid-19 yang sudah mulai terkendali membuat banyak perkantoran mulai menerapkan sistem kerja Work From Office (WFO) kembali. Penerapan sistem kerja WFO tentu meningkatkan tingkat konsumsi energi listrik pada wilayah perkantoran. Tingkat konsumsi energi listrik di suatu gedung bergantung pada luas bangunan serta peralatan elektronik yang digunakan di gedung tersebut. Penggunaan energi listrik yang berlebihan mengakibatkan pemborosan energi listrik yang dapat berpotensi terjadinya pembengkakan tagihan listrik sehingga diperlukan metode konservasi energi yang salah satunya dapat dilakukan dengan melakukan analisis audit energi dengan Intensitas Konsumsi Energi (IKE) sebagai parameter untuk menentukan boros atau tidaknya konsumsi energi di sebuah bangunan. Kawasan Perkantoran INDY Bintaro Office Park tergolong gedung yang memiliki tingkat konsumsi energi efisien dilihat dari nilai IKE yang memenuhi standar yang berlaku. Namun, terdeteksi adanya pemborosan penggunaan energi listrik dan distorsi harmonik yang cukup menggangu dalam memenuhi kebutuhan penerangan pada Kawasan Perkantoran INDY Bintaro Office Park sehingga diperlukan upaya penghematan energi. Kawasan Perkantoran INDY Bintaro Office Park telah menerapkan peluang hemat energi dengan pemasangan panel surya untuk membantu memasok kebutuhan energi listrik, pemasangan kapasitor bank untuk memelihara kualitas daya, dan pemasangan sensor gerak yag terintegrasi dengan lampu pada beberapa ruangan.

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The end of the pandemic of Covid-19 is in sight along with most companies in Indonesia started to adjust their work system to be fully WFO (Work From Office) which enables the raising of electricity bills in office area. Electricity consumption in a building depends on its area and various electronic appliance used. Excessive electricity consumption will cause a significant increase in electricity bills. Energy conservation is needed as an act of electricity saving and an energy audit is the first step to start a good energy management. Energy utilization index (EUI) is a parameter that specify whether a building is categorized as efficient or not in consuming the electricity. INDY Bintaro Office Park is categorized as an efficient building with an energy utilization index met the applicable standards. However, excessive electricity consumption and a significant harmonic distortion are detected on lighting substation. INDY Bintaro Office Park already implemented some energy conservation actions such as generating solar cells to fulfill its electricity needs, installing capacitor bank to maintain power quality, and integrating motion sensor on the lamp installed in several rooms.

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