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"Soybean breeding program in Indonesia has been actively involved in improving the genetic yield potential to meet the needs of farmers in different parts of the country. The study aimed to determine the presence of soybean production mega-environments and to evaluate the yield performance and stability of 12 soybean genotypes. Soybean yield performances were evaluated in eight production centers in Indonesia during 2013 growing season. The experiment in each location was arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Parameters observed included grain yield and yield components. The yield data were analyzed using GGE biplot and the yield components data were analyzed using analysis of variance. The results showed that the yield performances of soybean genotypes were highly influenced by genotype-environment interaction (GEI) effects. The yield components were significantly affected by GEI except per plant branch number. The partitioning of the G + GE sum of squares showed that PC1 and PC2 were significant components which accounted for 57.41% and 18.55% of G + GE sum of squares, respectively. Based on the GGE visual assessment, agro-ecology for soybean production in Indonesia was divided into at least three mega-environments. Genotypes 8 and 2 were the best yielding genotypes in the most discriminating environment, but adapted to specific environment, thus highly recommended for that specific location. Genotypes 9 and 10 were stable and had relatively high yield performances across environments. Those genotypes would be recommended to be proposed as new soybean varieties."

"[ABSTRAKKacang kedelai merupakan komoditas pangan yang utama di Indonesiasetelah padi dan jagung. Tren penurunan produksi kedelai dari tahun 1997-2006merupakan persoalan sekaligus ancaman terhadap ketahanan pangan nasional.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sebaran spasial lahan pertanian tanamankedelai di Kabupaten Grobogan, karakteristik wilayah lahan pertanian tanamankedelai, serta pola hubungan spasial antara lahan pertanian tanaman kedelai dankarakteristik wilayahnya. Analisis pola persebaran spasial dilakukan denganmenggunakan metode Rerata Tetangga Terdekat atau ANN (Average NearestNeighboard) dan pembuatan model spasial menggunakan metode AnalisisPemetaan Komposit (Composite Mapping Analysis/CMA). Dalam penelitian iniditunjukkan pola persebaran spasial lahan pertanian tanaman kedelai diKabupaten Grobogan yang cenderung mengelompok (clustered). Pola tersebutdipengaruhi oleh faktor penggunaan lahan, iklim, topografi, geologi,geomorfologi, jenis tanah, dan jarak (dari pusat kota, permukiman, dan jalan). DiKabupaten Grobogan, sebaran spasial lahan tanaman kedelai hanya dijumpai padalahan pertanian ?kelas dua?, yaitu sawah tadah hujan dan tegalan serta hanyadibudidayakan sekali dalam setahun, yaitu selama musim hujan. Persebaran lahanpertanian tanaman kedelai berada pada karakteristik wilayah yang kurangmendukung bagi pertumbuhannya secara optimal.

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ABSTRACTSoybeans are the main food commodities in Indonesia after rice and maize.The downward trend of the 1997-2006 soybean production is an issue as well as athreat to national food security. This study aims to determine the spatialdistribution of soybean farms in Grobogan, regional characteristics soybean cropfarms, as well as the pattern of spatial relationship between soybean crop farmsand characteristics of territory. Analysis of the spatial distribution patterns werecalculated using ANN (Average Nearest Neighboard) and spatial modeling usingComposite Mapping Analysis. In the present study demonstrated the spatialdistribution patterns of soybean crop farms in Grobogan which tend to clustered.The pattern is influenced by land use, climate, topography, geology,geomorphology, soil type, and distances (from the center of town, settlements,and roads). In Grobogan, the spatial distribution of soybean crops on agriculturalland is found only "second class", ie rainfed and upland and cultivated only once ayear, that is during the rainy season. Distribution of soybean crop farms located inareas unfavorable characteristics for optimal growth., Soybeans are the main food commodities in Indonesia after rice and maize.The downward trend of the 1997-2006 soybean production is an issue as well as athreat to national food security. This study aims to determine the spatialdistribution of soybean farms in Grobogan, regional characteristics soybean cropfarms, as well as the pattern of spatial relationship between soybean crop farmsand characteristics of territory. Analysis of the spatial distribution patterns werecalculated using ANN (Average Nearest Neighboard) and spatial modeling usingComposite Mapping Analysis. In the present study demonstrated the spatialdistribution patterns of soybean crop farms in Grobogan which tend to clustered.The pattern is influenced by land use, climate, topography, geology,geomorphology, soil type, and distances (from the center of town, settlements,and roads). In Grobogan, the spatial distribution of soybean crops on agriculturalland is found only "second class", ie rainfed and upland and cultivated only once ayear, that is during the rainy season. Distribution of soybean crop farms located inareas unfavorable characteristics for optimal growth.]"

"Pseudomonad producing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase (E.C.4.99.4) has been known to promote plant growth by lowering ethylene biosynthesis in higher plants which can be induced by indole-3-ecetic acid (IAA) production...."

"Fortifikasi makanan pokok dengan zat besi adalah strategi yang layak saat ini untuk meningkatkan asupan mineral zat besi. Dalam penelitian ini, kedelai dalam olahan tahu, tempe, dan susu diuji untuk kesesuaian sebagai media fortifikasi dengan zat besi. Ferrous fumarate dan ferrous bisglycinate ditambahkan pada beberapa variasi penambahan dan diuji bioavailabilitasnya secara in vitro pencernaan. In vitro pencernaan pada pangan berbasis kedelai menggunakan enzim pepsin dan campuran enzim pancreatin beserta extract bile. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa bioavailabilitas zat besi yang difortifikasi pada pangan berbasis kedelai dapat terserap baik pada tahu dengan nilai efektivitas 94,86% untuk ferrous fumarate dan 77,14% untuk ferrous bisglycinate.

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Fortification of staple foods with iron is a viable strategy at this time to increase the intake of iron minerals. In this study, processed soy in tofu, tempeh, and milk were tested for suitability as a medium for fortification with iron. Ferrous fumarate and ferrous bisglycinate added on some additional variations and tested its bioavailability in vitro digestion. In vitro digestion in soybean-based food using the pepsin enzyme and pancreatin enzyme mix along with extract bile. The results of this study indicate that the bioavailability of iron in fortified soy-based food can be absorbed well in tofu with the effective value for ferrous fumarate 94.86% and 77.14% for ferrous bisglycinate."

"Kacang kedelai merupakan sumber isoflavon terbanyak dan salah satu produk olahannya ialah susu kacang kedelai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek pemberian susu kacang kedelai terhadap kadar glukosa darah mencit putih jantan galur ddY yang dibebani glukosa. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 25 ekor mencit putih jantan galur ddY yang terbagi dalam 5 kelompok, yaitu kontrol normal (CMC 0,5% 0,5 ml/20 g BB), kontrol pembanding (Metformin HCl 13 mg/20 g BB), dan 3 variasi dosis uji (0,325 g kedelai/20 g BB; 0,65 g kedelai/20 g BB; 1,3 g kedelai/20 g BB) yang diberikan dalam bentuk susu kacang kedelai. Mencit terlebih dahulu diukur kadar glukosa darah puasa, kemudian diberikan larutan uji. Tiga puluh menit setelah perlakuan, kadar glukosa darah diukur kembali, kemudian diberikan glukosa 2 g/kg BB per oral. Pengukuran kadar glukosa darah dilakukan pada menit ke-30, 60, 90, 120 setelah pembebanan glukosa. Kadar glukosa darah diukur dengan menggunakan glukometer ACCU-CHEK® Active. Pemberian susu kacang kedelai dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah mencit putih jantan galur ddY yang dibebani glukosa pada semua dosis (0,325; 0,65; 1,3 g kacang kedelai/20 g BB mencit), namun penurunan kadar glukosa darah yang terbaik terlihat pada dosis 1 (0,325 g kacang kedelai/20 g BB mencit).

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Soybean is most abundant source of isoflavones and one of soy products is soybean milk. This study was made to investigate the effect of soybean milk administration towards blood glucose level in glucose loaded male ddY mice. A completely randomized design was conducted using 25 male ddY mice that were divided into 5 groups; normal control (CMC 0,5% 0,5 ml/20 g b.w.), drug control (Metformin HCl 13 mg/20 g b.w.), and 3 different treatment doses (0,325 g soybean/20 g b.w.; 0,65 g soybean/20 g b.w.; 1,3 g soybean/20 g b.w.) which were given in soybean milk. Fasting blood glucose was measured and mice were treated based on their groups. Thirty minutes after treatment, blood glucose level was measured again and then mice were loaded glucose 2 g/kg b.w. orally. Blood glucose level was measured at 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes postload glucose. Blood glucose level was measured by using ACCU-CHEK® Active meter. Administration of soybean milk lowered blood glucose level in glucose loaded male ddY mice treated with 0,325; 0,65; 1,3 g soybean/20 g b.w., but treatment with 0,325 g soybean/20 g b.w. showed the best reduction of blood glucose level."

"Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektifitas fortifikan zat besi dengan mengunakan variasi fortifikan FeSO4.7H2O campuran FeSO4 .7H2O + Na2H2EDTA .2H2O dan NaFeEDTA serta ketersediaan zat besi dalam sistim tubuh manusia dengan mengunakan metoda in vitro untuk mendapatkan fortifikan ideal pada sampel berbasis kedelai seperti pada susu kedelai cair dan tempe. Fortifikasi disini dipengaruhi oleh keberadaan fitat sebagai inhibitor besi yang terdapat pada kedelai. Kandungan fitat ditentukan metoda Davies dan Reid dengan mengunakan spetrofotometer UV-Vis dengan memakai larutan standar NaFitat 0,2 mM dan Ketersediaan secara in vitro dengan mengunakan metoda Svanberg. Kandungan fitat didapat pada susu kedelai cair 48,5 mg/100 mL dan tempe 188,4 mg/10 g. Molar rasio pada susu kedelai cair 9,22 dan tempe 2,34. Fortifikasi ideal dalam 10 g tempe adalah rentangan 70-150 mg untuk FeSO4.7H2O, 65 ? 125 mg untuk FeSO4.7H2O + Na2H2EDTA .2H2O dan 25-45 mg untuk NaFeEDTA. Fortifikasi ideal dalam 100 mL susu cair kedelai adalah rentangan 225-450 mg untuk FeSO4.7H2O, 175-350 mg untuk FeSO4.7H2O + Na2H2EDTA .2H2O dan 130-320 mg untuk NaFeEDTA.

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The main goal of this research to know the efectiveness of fortification using variety of fortifican such FeSO4.7H2O mixture FeSO47H2O + Na2H2EDTA 2H2O and NaFeEDTA also availability of iron compound in body system by using in vitro methode to get ideal fortification in soy bean based sample such soymilk and tempe.This fortification influence by phytate as iron inhibitor in soybean. Phytate content was determined by Davie and Ray methode using spectrophotometer Uv- Vis, standar curve was measure using the Naphytate standar solution (0,2 mM) and availability in vitro using Svanberg methode. The phytate content in soymilk 48,5 mg/100 ml and tempe 188,4 mg/10 g of sampel. Phytate/iron molar ratio in soymilk 9,22 and tempe 2,34. The ideal fortification in 10 g tempe was range 70-150 mg for FeSO47H2O, 65 ? 125 mg for FeSO47H2O + Na2H2EDTA 2H2O and 25-45 mg for NaFeEDTA. The Ideal fortification in 100 mL soy milk was range 225-450 mg for FeSO47H2O, 175-350 mg for FeSO47H2O + Na2H2EDTA 2H2O and 130-320 mg for NaFeEDTA."

"Anemia akibat kekurangan zat besi merupakan masalah global yang perlu penanganan serius karena dampaknya yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan. Defisisensi zat besi dapat disebabkan oleh kurangnya asupan zat besi pada makanan yang dikonsumsi, serta daya serap zat besi yang rendah. Telah diketahui bahwa, peptida yang diperoleh dari hidrolisat protein dapat berperan sebagai pengkhelat besi. Peptida dapat meningkatkan kelarutan dan bioavailabilitas zat besi. Peptida dari hidrolisat protein memiliki efek membantu penyerapan zat besi melalui kemampuannya dalam mengkelat zat besi. BPPT atau Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi telah mengembangkan hidrolisat protein kedelai yang diperoleh secara hidrolisis termal dan enzimatis, dan telah diuji dapat meningkatkan penyerapan zat besi secara in vivo dan juga melalui uji efikasi pada remaja putri. Namun, untuk itu perlu diketahui peptida apa yang berperan dalam aktivitas penyerapan zat besi tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan karakterisasi dan identifikasi peptida dari hidrolisat protein kedelai yang berperan dalam meningkatkan penyerapan zat besi. Penelitian ini melakukan 2 tahap pemisahan, yaitu menggunakan membran ultrafiltasi Molecular Weight Cut Off 10 kD dan kromatografi kolom filtrasi gel menggunakan kolom superdex 30 untuk mengetahui peptida pada fraksi mana yang aktif berperan dalam pengikatan zat besi. Selanjutnya, untuk mengetahui karakter dari peptida yang berperan sebagai promotor penyerapan zat besi, maka dari setiap tahap pemisahan dilakukan analisis bobot molekul protein dengan SDS-PAGE dan analisis komposisi asam amino menggunakan HPLC. Sedangkan identifikasi peptida pengikat zat besi menggunakan LCMS/MS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peptida dari hidrolisat protein kedelai yang berperan sebagai promotor (membantu) pengikatan zat besi memiliki karakter bobot molekul sekitar 10 kDa, dengan komposisi asam amino terbesar adalah arginin, asam aspartat dan asam glutamat. Hasil analisis LCMS/MS terdeteksi 15 sekuen peptida yang berasal dari 4 protein yang terdapat pada kedelai. Dua diantaranya berasal dari protein kedelai yang belum terkarakterisasi, dan dua lainnya adalah protein kedelai yang sudah terkarakterisasi, yaitu berasal dari protein lipoxygenase dan β-konglisinin subunit β.

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Anemia due to iron deficiency is a global problem that needs serious treatment because its effects are harmful to health. Iron deficiency can be caused by a lack of iron intake in food consumed, and a low absorption of iron. It is well known that, peptides obtained from protein hydrolysates can be known as iron chelating. Peptides can increase iron solubility, bioavailability, absorption and stability. Peptides from protein hydrolysates have the effect of helping to absorb iron through its ability to chelate iron. BPPT (Agency of Assessment and Application of Technology) has developed soybean protein hydrolysates obtained by thermal and enzymatic hydrolysis, and has been tested to increase iron absorption in vivo and also through clinical trials. For this reason, it is necessary to know what peptides play a role in the absorption of iron. The purpose of this study is to characterize and identify peptides from soybean protein hydrolyzates which play a role in increasing iron absorption. This study conducted two stages of separation, using a 10 kD Molecular Weight Cut Off ultrafiltration membrane and gel column filtration chromatography using a superdex 30 column to determine which peptides in which fraction were actively involved in iron binding. Furthermore, to determine the character of the peptide which acts as an iron absorption promoter, then from each phase of separation an analysis of molecular weight of protein with SDS-PAGE is carried out and analysis of amino acid composition using HPLC. Whereas identification of iron binding peptides using LCMS/MS. The results showed that the peptide of soybean protein hydrolyzate which acts as promoter (helps) iron binding has a molecular weight of about 10 kDa, with the largest amino acid composition being arginine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid. LCMS/MS analysis detected 15 sequences of peptides from 4 proteins in soybeans. Two of them come from soybean protein that has not been characterized, and the other two are soybean proteins that have been characterized, which are derived from the lipoxygenase protein and the β-conglisinin β subunit."

"ABSTRACTFermentasi susu kedelai dengan L.bulgarious dapat menurunkan kandungan asam fitat sampai 37%. Asam fitat dapat menghambat absorpsi Ca dengan membentuk Ca-fitat, suatu senyawa. yang tidak larut.Pada penelitian pengaruh fermentasi susu kedelai pada absorpsi Ca ini, digunakan 31 tikus putih strain LMR, jantan berumur 2 bulan. Tikus-tikus ini dibagi kedalam dua kelompok, 10 tikus untuk kelompok pembandingan (kontrol) dan 21 tikus untuk kelompok percobaan. DIet makanan tikus adalah diet D-1 (standar dietyang diperkaya Ca), diet D-2 (diet D-1 + susu kedele) dan diet D-3 (diet D-1 + fermentasi susu kedele). Perlakuan pada kelompok kontrol diberikan diet D-1 selama 6 minggu sedangkag kelompok percobaan secara berturut-turut diberikan diet D-1 (2 minggu), diet D-2 (2 minggu) dan diet D-3 (2 minggu). Absorpsi Ca pada tikus ditentukan dengan mengukur konsentrasi Ca dalam fesesnya. Pada hari ke 10, 24 dan 38 feses tikus diambil untuk dianalisis.Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa absorpsi Ca nada tikus meningkat bila diet yang mengandung susu kedelai diganti dengan diet yang mengandung fermentasi susu kedelai."

"Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan sintesis Oleozon berbasis minyak kedelai dengan ozonasi semi-kontinu selama 36-72 jam dalam reaktor semi-batch berbahan stainless steel (SS-304). Ozonasi dilakukan pada temperatur rendah 15-19 oC menggunakan ozonator rancangan sendiri dalam tiga variasi tekanan yaitu tekanan rendah, tekanan atmosferik, dan kondisi bertekanan. Oleozon ini dianggap mampu memiliki efikasi sebagai bahan disinfektan untuk bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Proses ozonasi bertujuan untuk menyerang ikatan rangkap C=C sehingga menghasilkan ozonida Criegee yang bertindak sebagai disinfektan. Kualitas Oleozon berbasis minyak kedelai ini ditentukan dengan sejumlah analisis seperti uji bilangan asam, uji bilangan peroksida, uji bilangan iod, uji viskositas minyak, pengukuran pH minyak, dan uji FT-IR. Kondisi ozonasi terbaik yaitu pada kondisi bertekanan (1,1-1,2 bar) menghasilkan peningkatan bilangan asam sebesar 588%, bilangan peroksida sebesar 14,98 meq/kg minyak, penurunan bilangan iod hingga 11%, penurunan pH dari 6 mencapai 1, dan peningkatan viskositas sebesar 70%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada kondisi ini, minyak kedelai terozonasi memiliki efek antiseptik terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus.

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In this study, synthesis oleozon was made from soybean oil based with semicontinue ozonation for 36-72 hours in semi-batch reactor made of stainless steel material (SS-304). Ozonation was carried out at low temperatures 15-19 oC using self-designated ozonator in three variations of pressure such as low pressure, atmospheric pressure, and high pressure. Oleozon has been considered to have efficacy as disinfectant for Staphylococcus aureus. Ozonation process aims to attack the C=C double bond to poduce Criegee ozonide which acts as disinfectant.

Oleozon quality was determined by numbers of analysis such as acid number, peroxide value, iodine number, viscoscity value, pH measurements, and FT-IR. The best ozonation condition is in pressure condition (1,1-1,2 bar) resulted in an increase of 588% acid value, peroxide value about 14,98 meq/kg oil, a decrease in iodine number up to 11%, decrease in pH of 6 to 1, and an increase in viscosity about 70%. The result showed that under these conditions, ozonized soybean oil has an antiseptic effect against Staphylococcus aureus."