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"Photoaging merupakan penuaan kulit yang disebabkan oleh radiasi UV. Seiring berkembangnya teknologi kedokteran terdapat penelitian yang membuat dermoscopy photoaging scale (DPAS) sebagai skala pemeriksaan noninvasif untuk mendiagnosis photoaging. Individu yang secara geografis tinggal di daerah yang sering terpajan sinar matahari lebih rentan mengalami photoaging, contohnya daerah pesisir. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penelitian untuk mengetahui profil photoaging dan membuktikan hubungan sun index dengan gambaran photoaging berdasarkan DPAS pada populasi daerah pesisir. Penelitian ini merupakan suatu penelitian observasional dengan desain potong-lintang. Dilakukan anamnesis untuk menilai skor sun index, pemeriksaan fisis, dan pemeriksaan dermoskopi untuk menilai DPAS. Profil photoaging berdasarkan DPAS, usia, jenis kelamin, tipe kulit, dan rokok disajikan sesuai proporsi. Sejumlah 100 individu usia >18 tahun yang tinggal di Kecamatan Cilincing, Jakarta Utara menjadi subjek penelitian. Median skor DPAS adalah 9 (1–21) dan median skor DPAS tertinggi didapatkan pada regio pipi kanan sebesar 3 (0–6) dan kiri, yaitu 3 (0–7). Median skor DPAS pada laki-laki adalah 9, lebih besar dibandingkan pada perempuan, yaitu 8. Terdapat peningkatan rerata DPAS seiring peningkatan usia dan hubungan bermakna skor DPAS dengan usia (p<0,001). Skor DPAS tidak berkorelasi dengan sun index. Kata kunci: dermoscopy photoaging scale, sun index, faktor yang memengaruhi.

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Repeated exposure to ultraviolet light are the most significant factors that contribute to photoaging. Along with the development of medical technology there is research that makes Dermoscopy Photoaging Scale (DPAS) as a noninvasive examination scale to diagnose photoaging. Individuals who geographically live in areas that are often exposed to sunlight are more susceptible to photoaging, for example coastal areas. Therefore, study dermoscopic features of photoaging and to relate these feature with sun index in the coastal population needs to be done. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. History taking was performed to assess sun index score; physical examination and dermoscopy to determine DPAS score. Photoaging profiles in each group namely DPAS, age, gender, skin type, and smoking were reported in proportion. A total number of 100 subjects who lived in Cilincing, North Jakarta included in this study and scored a median DPAS of 9 (1–21). Regarding DPAS of facial anatomic area, the right cheek scored the highest median = 3 (0–6) and the left cheek 3 (0–7). Men have a higher median DPAS score of 9 than women, who have a score of 8. There was a significant difference between DPAS score and age (p<0,001). The average DPAS increased with age, with the 60-year-olds having the greatest average total DPAS score of 16, which is the highest of all age groups. Sun index are not correlated with DPAS score (p=0,957). "

"Latar Belakang: Photoaging ditandai dengan perubahan struktur dan fungsi kulit yang terutama disebabkan oleh pajanan sinar ultraviolet (UV). Individu yang tinggal di daerah yang sering terpajan sinar matahari lebih rentan mengalami photoaging, contohnya daerah pesisir. Hingga saat ini, belum ada baku emas yang ditetapkan untuk mengidentifikasi photoaging. Skala penilaian subjektif yang paling banyak digunakan adalah skala Glogau. Dermoscopy Photoaging Scale (DPAS) adalah skala pemeriksaan objektif dan noninvasif untuk mendiagnosis photoaging. Tujuan: Menganalisis korelasi profil photoaging yang dinilai berdasarkan skala Glogau dan DPAS pada populasi daerah pesisir. Metode: Penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan desain potong lintang ini dilakukan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kecamatan Cilincing, DKI Jakarta pada bulan Oktober 2022. Kriteria inklusi adalah individu yang tinggal di daerah pesisir, berusia ≥ 20 tahun, memiliki kulit tipe Fitzpatrick III – V, memiliki pekerjaan berisiko tinggi photoaging dengan rerata pajanan sinar matahari ≥ 3 jam per hari. Subjek dengan penyakit kulit lain, menggunakan obat yang memengaruhi penuaan kulit dan diskromia dalam 1 bulan terakhir, dan menjalani prosedur estetik medis dalam 6 bulan terakhir dieksklusi. Anamnesis dan pemeriksaan fisis dilakukan untuk menilai profil photoaging berdasarkan skala Glogau. Pemeriksaan dermoskopi dilakukan dengan acuan kriteria DPAS. Uji korelasi Spearman digunakan untuk menilai korelasi antara skala Glogau dan DPAS. Nilai p < 0,05 dianggap signifikan secara statistik. Hasil: Sejumlah 30 individu dengan rerata usia 41,5 ± 11,45 tahun direkrut menjadi subjek penelitian. Median skor Glogau adalah 3 (2 – 4). Rerata DPAS adalah 28,5 ± 5,59. Pada seluruh SP didapatkan tampilan klinis lentigo, hypo-hyperpigmented macule, telangiectasis, deep wrinkles, dan superficial wrinkles. Terdapat korelasi positif sedang bermakna antara skala Glogau dan DPAS (r = 0,536; p = 0,002). Terdapat korelasi positif sedang bermakna antara skala Glogau dan DPAS untuk komponen kerutan (r = 0,512; p = 0,004) dan pigmentasi (r = 0,486; p = 0,007). Kesimpulan: Semakin tinggi skor DPAS, semakin tinggi skala Glogau. Korelasi positif sedang bermakna antara skor Glogau dan DPAS ditemukan baik pada komponen kerutan maupun pigmentasi. DPAS dapat menjadi alat bantu diagnosis yang reliabel, mudah, praktis, dan cepat untuk mengidentifikasi proses photoaging.

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Background: Photoaging is characterized by the changes of structures and functions of the skin, which is predominantly caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Individuals who live in the area with high sun exposure are more susceptible to photoaging, for example those living in coastal area. To date, there has been no gold standard for the identification of photoaging. The most commonly used subjective assessment is Glogau scale. Dermoscopy Photoaging Scale (DPAS) is an objective and non-invasive diagnostic tool for photoaging identification. Objective: To analyze the correlation of photoaging profiles based on Glogau scale and DPAS in a coastal population. Methods: This analytic descriptive study with cross-sectional design was conducted at work area of Cilincing Municipal Health Center, DKI Jakarta in October 2022. The inclusion criteria were individuals living in coastal area, aged ≥ 20 years old, having Fitzpatrick skin type III – V, having an occupation with high risk of photoaging and mean duration of sun exposure of ≥ 3 hours per day. Subjects with other skin disorders, using drugs affecting skin aging and dyschromia in the past one month, and undergoing medical esthetic procedure in the last six months were excluded. History taking and physical examination were performed to assess the photoaging scale based on Glogau scale. Dermoscopic examination was performed according to DPAS criteria. Spearman correlation test was used to assess the correlation between Glogau scale and DPAS with p-value < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 30 individuals with mean age of 41.5 ± 11.45 years old were recruited. Median Glogau scale was 3 (2 – 4). Mean DPAS score was 28.5 ± 5.59. Lentigo, hypo-hyperpigmented macule, telangiectasis, deep wrinkles, and superficial wrinkles were identified in all subjects. There was moderate positive correlation between Glogau scale and DPAS (r = 0.536; p = 0.002). There were moderate positive correlations between Glogau scale and DPAS for wrinkle (r = 0.512; p = 0.004) and pigmentation (r = 0.486; p = 0.007) components. Conclusion: The higher DPAS score, the higher Glogau scale. Moderate positive correlations were significant between Glogau scale and DPAS score for both wrinkle and pigmentation components. DPAS can be a reliable, easy, practical, and fast diagnostic tool for photoaging identification."

"Proses penuaan kulit secara ekstrinsik dipengaruhi oleh radiasi UV, merokok, gizi buruk, polusi udara, dan stres fisik. Dermoscopic photoaging scale (DPAS) adalah metode non-invasif untuk menilai penuaan foto. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi prevalensi penuaan kulit akibat paparan sinar UV pada personel militer pria berusia 30-42 tahun, dengan membandingkan kelompok infanteri dan administrasi yakni kelompok kesehatan militer (CKM) menggunakan DPAS. Selain itu, hubungan antara prevalensi penuaan, konsumsi alkohol, dan kebiasaan merokok akan diteliti. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Kriteria penuaan foto dinilai berdasarkan DPAS. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu sebanyak 40 subjek penelitian, semuanya memiliki skor DPAS total > 1, dengan kriteria yang paling sering ditemukan adalah ephelides/lentigines, yellow papules, dan superficial wrinkles. Tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan secara statistik antara kebiasaan merokok dan skor DPAS di setiap wilayah wajah. Setelah melakukan penelitian, peneliti memiliki kesimpulan bahwa berdasarkan metode DPAS, tidak ada perbedaan prevalensi penuaan foto di kedua kelompok. Namun, skor total DPAS (StDPAS) infanteri lebih tinggi daripada StDPAS kelompok CKM, dengan perbedaan signifikan pada skor DPAS di wilayah pipi kanan dan pipi kiri dibandingkan dengan wilayah wajah lainnya.

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The extrinsic process of skin aging influenced by UV radiation, smoking, poor nutrition, air pollution, and physical stress. Dermoscopic photoaging scale (DPAS) is a non-invasive method to assess photoaging. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of UV-induced skin aging in male military personnel aged 30-42, comparing infantry and administration groups in this research represented by military medical service group using DPAS. Additionally, the relationship between aging prevalence, alcohol consumption, and smoking habits will be examined. This is a descriptive analytic research with cross-sectional design. Photoaging criteria was assessed based on DPAS. The results of this research are a total of 40 research subjects, all had a total DPAS score > 1, with the most frequently found criteria being ephelides/lentigines, yellow papules, and superficial wrinkles. There was no statistically significant association between smoking habits and DPAS scores in each facial region. After doing this research, the writer concludes that based on DPAS method, there is no prevalence difference of photoaging in both groups. But the infantry's DPAS total score (TsDPAS) was greater than military medical service’s TsDPAS, with a significant difference in the DPAS score in the right and left cheek regions compared to other facial regions."

"Latar Belakang: Photoaging dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya penuaan kulit dini, kerutan kasar, hilangnya elastisitas dan kelenturan, tekstur kulit menjadi tidak rata, keratosis, serta perubahan pigmentasi kulit. Individu yang secara geografis tinggal di daerah sering terpajan sinar matahari lebih rentan mengalami photoaging, contohnya di area pesisir. Pengukuran photoaging menggunakan Skala Glogau, sedangkan pengukuran pajanan sinar matahari menggunakan sun index.Tujuan: Menganalisis profil photoaging berdasarkan skala Glogau dan korelasinya dengan riwayat pajanan matahari menggunakan sun index pada masyarakat pesisir.Metode: Merupakan studi deskriptif analitik dengan desain potong-lintang. Populasi target penelitian adalah orang berusia ≥20 tahun dengan kulit tipe Fitzpatrick III, IV, atau V, serta berisiko tinggi photoaging dengan rerata pajanan sinar matahari ≥ 3 jam perhari. Subjek penelitian (SP) diambil dengan metode consecutive sampling berdasarkan kriteria penerimaan dan penolakan. Analisis statistik dilakukan untuk membuktikan hipotesis penelitian. Nilai p<0,05 dianggap signifikan secara statistik. Hasil: Diantara 55 SP, 3 orang termasuk dalam Skala Glogau II, 42 orang dalam Skala Glogau III, dan 10 orang dalam Skala Glogau IV. Mayoritas memiliki kerutan yang tetap ada saat wajah tidak bergerak, paling banyak pada regio dahi 74,5%, nasolabial 70,9%, dan sudut mata 69,1%. Perubahan pigmentasi paling dominan ditemukan adaalah diskromnia (65,5%), serta tidak ditemukan keratosis aktinik pada mayoritas SP (98,2%). Diperoleh nilai median sun index sebesar 10,91, dan median BSA yang terpajan matahari sebesar 20,50%. Rerata total durasi pajanan matahari adalah 53,63 jam/minggu. Didapatkan korelasi lemah namun tidak bermakna secara statistik antara sun index dengan keparahan derajat photoaging berdasarkan Skala Glogau (r = 0,205; p = 0,134). Dari data tambahan didapatkan korelasi positif lemah yang bermakna antara lamanya pajanan matahari per minggu dan keparahan derajat photoaging berdasarkan Skala Glogau (r = 0,281; p = 0,038), serta didapatkan korelasi positif sedang yang bermakna antara usia dan derajat keparahan photoaging berdasarkan Skala Glogau (r = 0,631; p < 0,001). Didapatkan keratosis seboroik pada hampir seluruh SP, terutama pada kelompok Glogau tipe III (77,3%). Lebih banyak ditemukan SP yang tidak merokok pada Glogau II (100%) dan III (57,1%), sedangkan Glogau IV lebih banyak pada pasien merokok (80%). Didapatkan pula Glogau II dan III lebih banyak pada perempuan (100% dan 59,5%), sedangkan Glogau IV lebih banyak pada laki-laki (80%).Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan klasifikasi photoaging menurut Glogau, 3 orang termasuk dalam Skala Glogau II, 42 dalam Skala Glogau III, dan 10 dalam Skala Glogau IV. Tidak terdapat korelasi yang bermakna antara sun index dengan keparahan derajat photoaging berdasarkan Skala Glogau.

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Background: Photoaging can cause premature skin aging, coarse wrinkles, loss of elasticity, uneven skin texture, keratosis, and skin pigmentation changes. Individuals who geographically live in areas frequently exposed to sunlight are more susceptible to photoaging, for example in coastal areas. Photoaging was classified using Glogau scale and sun exposure was measured by sun index.

Aim: To analyze the photoaging profile based on Glogau Scale and its correlation with the history of sun exposure using sun index in coastal population.

Method: This is an analytic descriptive study witha cross-sectional design. The target population for this study were people aged ≥20 years with skin types Fitzpatrick III, IV, or V, and at high risk of photoaging with an average sun exposure of ≥ 3 hours per day. The research subjects were taken by consecutive sampling method based on acceptance and rejection criteria. Appropriate statistical analysis was performed to prove the research hypothesis. P value of <0.05 is considered statistically significant.

Results: Among 55 subjects, 3 people are included in the Glogau II cathegory, 42 people in the Glogau III, and 10 people in the Glogau IV. Majority have wrinkles at rest, the most wrinkles were found in forehead region 74.5%, nasolabial 70.9%, and crow’s feet 69.1%. The most dominant pigmentation changes were dyschromia (65.5%), and no actinic keratosis was found in the majority subjects (98.2%). The median sun index value was 10.91, and the BSA median exposed to the sun was 20.50%. The average total duration of sun exposure was 53.63 hours/week. In additional data, there a was weak correlation but not statically significant between sun index and the severity of photoaging based on the Glogau Scale (r = 0.205; p = 0.134). A significant weak correlation was obtained between sun exposure per week and the severity of photoaging based on the Glogau Scale (r = 0.281; p = 0.038), and a significant moderate correlation was obtained between age and the severity of photoaging based on the Glogau Scale (r = 0.631; p < 0.001). Seborrheic keratosis was found in almost all subjects, especially in the Glogau type III group (77.3%). There were more non-smokers in Glogau type II (100%) and III (57,1%), while type IV was more common in smoking patients (80%). It was also found that type II and III Glogau were more common in women (100% and 59,5%), while type IV Glogau were more common in men (80%).

Conclusion: Based on Glogau photoaging scale, 3 people are included in the Glogau II category, 42 people in the Glogau III, and 10 people in the Glogau IV. There was no significant correlation between sun index and the severity of photoaging based on the Glogau Scale."

"ABSTRAKMagister Kedokteran KerjaJudul : Gangguan Cemas Berdasarkan Hamilton Rating Scale For Anxiety dan Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan pada PolisiLatar Belakang. Gangguan cemas pada polisi dapat menurunkan performa dalam pekerjaan serta menurunkan kepuasan dalam lingkungan kerja sehingga dapat mengakibatkan layanan kepada masyarakat menjadi kurang bagus. Hal ini karena polisi termasuk profesi yang beresiko tinggi dan berpotensi memiliki tingkat stres yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan beban kerja fungsi/satuan kerja dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan terhadap gangguan cemas pada anggota polisi.Metode. Penelitian ini meggunakan desain potong lintang dengan besar sampel 106 orang yang diambil secara kuota sampling. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Januari 2017 dengan 4 kuesioner; Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety HARS , Survei Diagnosis Stres SDS , Self-Reporting Questionnaires 20 SRQ-20 , dan Penapisan Stres Paska Trauma.Hasil. Didapatkan prevalensi gangguan cemas sebesar 61.3 dengan gangguan cemas ringan sebesar 30.7 , gangguan cemas sedang sebesar 13.8 , gangguan cemas berat sebesar 23.1 dan gangguan cemas berat sekali sebesar 32.3 . Dari analisis multivariat didapatkan konflik peran sedang-berat RO 4,815, IK 95 1,926-12,041 , dan stres RO 8,469, IK 95 1,021-70,260 .Kesimpulan dan Saran. Gangguan cemas dapat mempengaruhi performa di dalam pekerjaan, sehingga pelayanan terhadap masyarakat menjadi kurang bagus. Prevalensi gangguan cemas di Polres X tinggi, konflik peran sedang-berat, dan stres memiliki hubungan dengan kejadian gangguan cemas. Karena itu perlu dilakukan intervensi, baik secara administrasi maupun secara medis.Kata kunci: Anggota Polisi; gangguan cemas; konflik peran; stres.

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ABSTRACTAnxiety Disorder Based On The Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety and Associated Factors Amongs Police OfficersBackground. Anxiety disorder on the Police can decrease the work performance and satisfaction in the work environment so that it can affect to the decrease of service quality to the communities. It is because the police profession belongs to one of the high risk and potentially high stress jobs. This research aimed to find out the relation between the workload and factors which are related to the anxiety disorder on the police officers.Method. This research used a cross sectional design with 106 police officer as respondents selected by quota sampling. This research was conducted in January 2017 using 4 questionnaires Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety HARS , Survey of Stress Diagnosis SDS , Self Reporting Questionnaires 20 SRQ 20 , and Post Traumatic Stress Screening.Result. The result showed that the prevalence of anxiety disorders by 61.3 with low anxiety disorder by 30.7 , moderate anxiety disorder by 13.8 , moderate anxiety disorder by 23.1 , and severe anxiety disorder by 32.3 . From the multivariate analysis, it was obtained that the moderate ndash severe role conflict OR 4.815, CI 95 1.926 12.041 , and stress OR 8,469, CI 95 1.021 70.260 .Conclusion. Anxiety disorders can affect someone rsquo s performance in his work so that the service given to the community becomes less good. The prevalence of anxiety disorder in Departmental Police X is high, the moderate ndash severe role conflict and stress have relation with anxiety disorder. The intervention needs to be done, either administratively or medical.Keywords Police officers anxiety disorder role conflict stress"

"Latar Belakang: Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) atau long covid merupakan kondisi dengan gejala jangka panjang yang dialami pasien yang telah pulih pasca infeksi COVID-19 yang bervariasi selama beberapa minggu hingga lebih dari 6 bulan. Kondisi ini dilaporkan terjadi pada 7-91% pasien dengan pasca infeksi akut SARS-CoV-2. Beberapa mekanisme diajukan yang berkontribusi terhadap patogenesis PASC gejala gastrointestinal diajukan di antaranya persistensi virus, disbiosis mikrobial, dan perubahan interaksi neuroimun. Saat ini pandemi COVID-19 sudah dinyatakan sebagai endemi di Indonesia dengan menurunnya jumlah pasien dan pelonggaran protokol kesehatan. Sehingga pada penelitian ini fokus terhadap gejala pasca COVID-19 khususnya gejala gastrointestinal (GI) dengan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya.Background: Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), also known as long COVID, is a condition characterized by long-term symptoms experienced by patients who have recovered from a COVID-19 infection, lasting for several weeks to over 6 months. This condition has been reported to occur in 7-91% of patients following acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Several proposed mechanisms contribute to the pathogenesis of PASC gastrointestinal symptoms, including persistent viral presence, microbial dysbiosis, and altered neuroimmune interactions. Currently, the COVID-19 pandemic is declared as endemic in Indonesia with decreasing numbers of patients. Therefore, this study focuses on post-COVID-19 symptoms, specifically GI symptoms, and the factors influencing them.Objective: To determine the clinical profile of post-COVID-19 gastrointestinal outcomes and the associated factors (age, gender, non-gastrointestinal comorbidities, vaccination status of COVID-19, severity of COVID-19, comorbidities of gastrointestinal diseases, history of COVID-19 complications, nasopharyngeal swab CT-value, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, SGOT, and SGPT).Methods: This prospective cohort study included 134 subjects diagnosed with confirmed COVID-19 based on nasopharyngeal PCR swab, who received outpatient and inpatient care at RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo from October 2022 to March 2023. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, with a significance level of p<0.05.Results: Out of 134 study subjects, subjects experienced PASC gastrointestinal symptoms in the first month, and 70 subjects in the third month. The most common manifestations of PASC gastrointestinal symptoms in the first month were constipation and nausea/vomiting in 21 (15.7%) and 10 (7.5%) subjects, respectively, while nausea/vomiting was the most common symptom in the third month. Bivariate analysis revealed significant associations between non-gastrointestinal comorbidities (p=0.011) and CT-value ≥25 (p=0.028) as risk factors for PASC gastrointestinal symptoms in the first month, as well as comorbidities (p=0.022) in the third month. Multivariate analysis found that non-gastrointestinal comorbidities had the most significant influence on PASC gastrointestinal symptoms in both the first and third months, with a relative risk (RR) of 1.608 times (95% CI 1.140 – 2.260; p=0.007) and 2.089 times (95% CI 1.093 – 3.990; p=0.014), respectively.Conclusion: There is a significant association between non-gastrointestinal comorbidities and the occurrence of PASC gastrointestinal manifestations in the first and third months, as well as a CT-value of COVID-19 >25.0 and the occurrence of PASC gastrointestinal manifestations in the first month.Tujuan: Mengetahui profil luaran klinis gastrointestinal pasca COVID-19 dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi (usia, jenis kelamin, status vaksinasi COVID-19, komorbiditas non-gastrointestinal, derajat COVID-19, komorbiditas penyakit gastrointestinal, riwayat komedikasi COVID-19, CT-value swab nasofaring, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, SGOT, dan SGPT)Metode: Desain penelitian berupa studi kohort prospektif pada 134 subjek yang didiagnosis terkonfirmasi COVID-19 dari swab PCR nasofaring yang di rawat jalan dan rawat inap RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo selama periode Oktober 2022 sampai dengan Maret 2023. Analisis statistik menggunakan SPSS versi 25, nilai p<0.05 menunjukkan kemaknaan secara statistik.Hasil: Sebanyak 134 subjek penelitian, 64 subjek mengalami gejala gastrointestinal PASC pada bulan ke-1 dan 70 subjek pada bulan ke-3. Manifestasi gejala gastrointestinal PASC terbanyak pada bulan ke-1 yaitu konstipasi dan mual-muntah sebanyak 21 (15,7%) subjek dan mual-muntah 10 (7,5%) pada bulan ke-3. Pada analisis bivariat terdapat hubungan yang bermakna pada subjek dengan riwayat komorbitas (p=0,011) dan CT-value ≥25 (p=0,028) sebagai faktor risiko gejala gastrointestinal PASC pada bulan ke-1 serta subjek dengan komorbiditas non-gastrointestinal (p=0,022) pada bulan ke-3. Analisis multivariat menemukan riwayat komorbiditas non-gastrointestinal paling memengaruhi gejala gastrointestinal PASC pada bulan ke-1 dan ke-3 dengan relative risk (RR) 1,608 kali (IK 95% 1,140 – 2,260; p= 0,007) dan 2,089 kali (IK 95% 1,093– 3,990; p = 0,014).Kesimpulan: Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara riwayat komorbiditas non-gastrointestinal terhadap kejadian manifestasi gastrointestinal PASC bulan ke-1 dan ke-3 serta nilai CT-value COVID-19 >25,0 terhadap kejadian manifestasi gastrointestinal PASC pada bulan ke-1.

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Pendahuluan: Tremor merupakan salah satu gangguan gerak yang sering ditemukan dalam praktik sehari-hari dan memiliki potensi dampak tinggi terhadap terjadinya disabilitas. Tremor dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai macam faktor dan salah satunya adalah pajanan uap merkuri. Di Indonesia, terdapat sekitar 150.000 pekerja Pertambangan Emas Skala Kecil (PESK) yang berisiko terpajan merkuri, dan sampai saat ini belum ada penelitian yang secara spesifik menilai prevalensi tremor terkait pajanan merkuri pada pekerja PESK dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan.

Metode: Desain potong lintang digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk mencari hubungan antara usia, kebiasaan merokok, masa kerja sebagai penambang, jenis aktivitas bekerja dalam PESK, kebiasaan menyemprot pestisida dan kadar merkuri urin dengan tremor pada pekerja PESK di provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat dan Banten. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner asesmen kesehatan populasi terpajan merkuri dari WHO UNEP, pemeriksaan fisis finger to nose, dan kadar merkuri urin terkoreksi kreatinin

Hasil: Prevalensi tremor pada pekerja PESK di provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat dan Banten didapatkan sebesar 8,6% dengan faktor yang paling berhubungan adalah usia > 40 tahun (OR = 5,09; 95% CI = 1,05 – 24,48; p = 0,02)

Kesimpulan: Didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara usia > 40 tahun dengan tremor pada pekerja PESK. Tidak didapatkan hubungan yang signifikan antara kebiasaan merokok, masa kerja sebagai penambang, jenis aktivitas bekerja dalam PESK, kebiasaan menyemprot pestisida dan nilai Indeks Pajanan Biologis dengan tremor. Tidak didapatkan hubungan antara pajanan merkuri dengan tremor.

 

Kata kunci: tremor, PESK, merkuri

 

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Introduction: Tremor is a movement disorder that is oftenly found in daily practice and has high potential impact related to disability. Tremor can be caused by various factors and one of them is exposure to mercury vapor. In Indonesia, there are around 150,000 Artisanal Small-scale Gold Mining (ASGM) workers who are at risk of being exposed to mercury, and to date no studies have specifically assessed the prevalence of tremors related to mercury exposure in Artisanal and Small-scale Gold Mining (ASGM) workers and its related factors.

Method: A cross-sectional design study was used to find the relationship of age, smoking habits, working period as a miner, type of work activities in ASGM, history of spraying pesticides and the level of urinary mercury with tremor in ASGM workers in West Nusa Tenggara and Banten province. The instrument used is a health assessment questionnaire of mercury-exposed population established by WHO UNEP, finger to nose physical examination, and creatinine-corrected urinary mercury levels.

Results: The prevalence of tremor in ASGM workers in West Nusa Tenggara and Banten provinces was 8.6% with the most related factor was age > 40 years-old (OR = 5.09, 95% CI = 1.05 - 24.48, p = 0.02)

Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between age > 40 years-old and tremor amongst ASGM workers. No significant relationship was found between smoking habits, working period as a miner, type of work activities in ASGM, history of spraying pesticides and the level of Biological Exposure Index with tremor. There was no relationship between mercury exposure and tremor.

 

Keywords: tremor, ASGM, mercury

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"Pendahuluan: Ataksia merupakan salah satu gangguan koordinasi gerakan otot sadar dan merupakan kelainan fisik namun bukan penyakit, meskipun kasusnya cukup jarang namun memiliki potensi dampak tinggi terhadap terjadinya disabilitas. Ataksia dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai macam faktor dan salah satunya adalah pajanan uap merkuri. Di Indonesia, terdapat sekitar 150.000 pekerja pertambangan emas skala kecil (PESK) yang berisiko terpajan merkuri, dan sampai saat ini belum ada penelitian yang secara spesifik menilai prevalensi ataksia terkait pajanan merkuri pada pekerja PESK dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan.Metode: Desain potong lintang digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk mencari hubungan antara usia, kebiasaan merokok, kebiasaan konsumsi alkohol, konsumsi ikan, masa kerja sebagai penambang, jenis aktivitas bekerja dalam PESK, dan terpajan pestisida. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner asesmen kesehatan populasi terpajan merkuri dari WHO UNEP dan pemeriksaan fisis ataxia of gait (walking).

Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil analisis multivariat, ditemukan bahwa faktor determinan terjadinya gangguan ataksia pada pekerja PESK adalah jenis aktivitas kerja yang bukan peleburan (p=0,018; RO:0,18; IK95%:0,05-0,71) dan terpajan pestisida (p=0,004; RO:8,26; IK95%:1,98-34,55). Faktor lain tidak ditemukan hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik.

Kesimpulan: Didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna pada penelitian ini yaitu jenis aktivitas kerja yang bukan peleburan dan terpajan pestisida

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Introduction: Ataxia is a disorder of coordination of conscious muscle movements and is a physical disorder but not a disease, although it is quite rarely found in everyday practice, but it has a high potential impact due to disability. Ataxia can be caused by various factors and one of them is exposure to mercury vapor. In Indonesia, there are around 150,000 artisanal small-scale gold mining (ASGM) workers at risk of exposure to mercury, and to date no studies have specifically assessed the prevalence of ataxia related to mercury exposure in ASGM workers and related factors.

Method: Cross-sectional design was used in this study to find out the relationship between age, smoking habits, alcohol consumption habits, fish consumption, working period as ASGM workers, type of activity working in ASGM, and exposure to pesticides. The instrument used was a health assessment questionnaire in the population exposed to mercury from WHO UNEP and physical examination of ataxia of gait (walking).

Result: Based on the results of multivariate analysis, there were found that the determinant factors of ataxia disorder in ASGM workers, namely the type of work activities that were not smelting (p = 0.018; RO: 0.18; IK95%: 0.05-0.71) and exposure to pesticides (p = 0.004; RO: 8.26; IK95%: 1.98-34.55). Other factors found no relationship that was statistically significant.

Conclusion: There were found significant relationships in this study, namely the type of work activities that were not smelting and exposed to pesticides."