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"This research attempts to introduce a new perspective on the complex relationships in South Korea's patriarchal society that produces "victims of victims". The patriarchal culture in South Korea stems from Confucian values that have demeaned women by branding them immoral (hwanyang-nyeon/화냥년). In modern times, these Confucian values perpetuate misogyny and create a second-class identity for women in South Korean society. Thus, the feminism movement was born as a form of emancipation to fight the enduring injustice against women in South Korea. By using Jürgen Habermas' perspective on moral discourse and Spinner-Halev’s perspective on enduring injustice, this study aims to examine the formation of a victim mentality in South Korean women and its relationship with the label of 'patriarchy' pinned on Islam, which then contributes to intensified Islamophobia in South Korea. The construction of Islam as patriarchal and degrading to women is often expressed alongside acts of racism and xenophobia. This phenomenon constitutes a vicious cycle. Deep-seated trauma and hatred due to mistreatment and othering experiences over time has caused women in South Korea to internalize a victim identity. Ironically, this creates new victims through anti-Islamic campaigns in the feminist movement. By conducting a literature review, this research seeks to analyze the relationship between enduring injustice due to patriarchal culture, mental formation of victims and Islamophobia in the South Korean feminist movement."

"Penyebaran budaya K-pop melalui idol group semakin sukses di berbagai belahan dunia. Penyebaran konten K-pop tidak lepas dari pemanfaatan media sosial seperti Instagram, Facebook, Twitter dan Youtube. Industri hiburan Korea Selatan membuat inovasi baru dengan menciptakan beberapa aplikasi media sosial. Inovasi yang dilakukan industri hiburan Korea Selatan adalah penggemar dapat mengunggah pesan untuk idola, lalu idola akan memilih beberapa unggahan penggemar untuk diberikan komentar atau cheer. Aplikasi yang memiliki fungsi tersebut bernama Weverse. Weverse mengumumkan bahwa TREASURE menjadi artis pertama naungan YG Entertainment yang bergabung. Melalui aplikasi ini, diharapkan penggemar di seluruh dunia dapat berkomunikasi dengan TREASURE. Intensitas komunikasi yang tinggi antara idola dan penggemar dapat memunculkan hubungan parasosial. Perasaan penggemar seperti mengenal idola secara personal ketika melakukan komunikasi melalui media sosial termasuk dalam kriteria hubungan parasosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan hubungan parasosial yang terlihat dari ragam honorifik mitra tutur ketika TREASURE berinteraksi dengan penggemar. Penulis menggunakan metode analisis kualitatif terhadap data yang diperoleh dari hasil dokumentasi percakapan yang bersumber pada aplikasi Weverse. Temuan dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa anggota TREASURE memperlakukan penggemar sebagai teman dekat dan akrab karena lebih sering memakai ragam honorifik mitra tutur informal.

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The spread of K-pop culture through idol groups is increasingly successful in various parts of the world. The spread of K-pop content cannot be separated from the use of social media such as Instagram, Facebook, Twitter and Youtube. The South Korean entertainment industry is making new innovations by creating several social media applications. An innovation made by the South Korean entertainment industry is that fans can upload messages for idols, then idols will select several uploaded fans to give comments or cheers. The application that has this function is called Weverse. Weverse announced that TREASURE will be the first artist under YG Entertainment to join. Through this application, it is hoped that fans around the world can communicate with TREASURE. The high intensity of communication between idols and fans can give rise to parasocial relationships. The feeling of fans like knowing idols personally when communicating through social media is included in the criteria for parasocial relationships. This study aims to explain the parasocial relationship that can be seen from the honorific variety of speech partners when TREASURE interacts with fans. The author uses a qualitative analysis method on the data obtained from the documentation of conversations originating from the Weverse application. The findings from this study indicate that TREASURE members treat fans as close and intimate friends because they more often use honorifics in informal speech partners."

"Saat ini, semakin banyak perusahaan yang menggunakan selebritas asal Korea Selatan untuk mempromosikan produknya. Hal ini dilakukan karena selebritas asal Korea Selatan dianggap dapat menciptakan kesan kedekatan personal dengan para penggemar mereka, atau yang secara ilmiah disebut sebagai hubungan parasosial. Penelitian terdahulu telah menemukan bahwa hubungan parasosial berhubungan dengan perilaku konsumen, seperti intensi pembelian dan pembelian impulsif. Pembelian impulsif juga ditemukan berhubungan dengan materialisme seseorang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara hubungan parasosial dan pembelian impulsif pada penggemar selebritas asal Korea Selatan dan apakah materialisme berperan sebagai moderator pada hubungan tersebut. Sebanyak 359 penggemar selebritas asal Korea Selatan yang berusia 20 – 25 tahun mengikuti penelitian ini. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menyebarkan kuesioner secara daring. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hubungan parasosial memprediksi pembelian impulsif pada penggemar selebritas asal Korea Selatan (B= 0.33, SE= 0.04, p<0.01), akan tetapi materialisme ditemukan tidak memoderasi hubungan tersebut. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi bahan pertimbangan perusahaan dalam merancang strategi pemasaran produk untuk meningkatkan penjualan dan di sisi lain meningkatkan literasi konsumen, termasuk penggemar selebritas asal Korea Selatan, untuk lebih sadar dan berhati-hati ketika membeli produk yang dipromosikan oleh idolanya.

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Currently, an increasing number of companies are using South Korean celebrities to promote their products. This is done because South Korean celebrities are believed to create a sense of personal closeness with their fans, known scientifically as parasocial relationships. Previous studies have found that parasocial relationships are related to consumer behavior, such as purchase intention and impulsive buying. Impulsive buying has also been found to be related to an individual's materialism. This study aims to investigate the relationship between parasocial relationships and impulsive buying among fans of South Korean celebrities, and whether materialism plays a moderating role in this relationship. A total of 359 fans of South Korean celebrities, aged 20-25, participated in this study. The research was conducted by distributing an online questionnaire. The results of the study indicate that parasocial relationships predict impulsive buying among fans of South Korean celebrities (B= 0.33, SE= 0.04, p<0.01). However, materialism was found to not moderate this relationship. The findings of this study are expected to provide insights for companies in designing marketing strategies to increase sales, while also enhancing consumer literacy, including among fans of South Korean celebrities, to be more aware and cautious when purchasing products promoted by their idols."

"ABSTRAKSistem patriarki di Korea Selatan masih melekat hingga abad ke-21 dan hal tersebut merupakan penyebab dari munculnya kasus diskriminasi terhadap perempuan dalam kehidupan keluarga, khususnya antara hubungan suami dan istri. Diskriminasi tersebut dapat dicontohkan dengan adanya sikap ketidakpedulian atas peran istri dan kekerasan seksual dalam rumah tangga. Perempuan yang dipaksa untuk bungkam akhirnya melakukan perlawanan terhadap sistem patriarki yang diwakili oleh organisasi perempuan dan juga pemerintah. Kejadian tersebut tergambar melalui cerita pendek Domabaem karya Kim Young Ha yang dipublikasikan pada tahun 1997. Melalui pendekatan sosiologi sastra dan metode penelitian kepustakaan, penelitian ini membahas mengenai pemikiran perempuan Korea Selatan terhadap hubungan keluarga khususnya pada perilaku suami terhadap istri dalam cerita pendek Domabaem. Adapun tujuan penulisan jurnal ini adalah untuk membahas pemikiran perempuan terhadap keluarga terkait dengan hubungan suami dan istri.

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ABSTRACTThe patriarchal system in South Korea manages to adhere tightly to the society until the 21st Century. It is caused by the gender discrimination toward women in families, particularly between husband and wife. The issue of gender discrimination usually revolves around ignorant behavior and domestic violence. Women who were forced to be passive have finally started to stand up against the patriarchal system through organizations and the government. This phenomenon was depicted through Domabaem, a South Korean literature written by Kim Young Ha, which was published in 1997. With the sociology of literature approach and literary survey method, the writer would like to do a research regarding South Korean women rsquo s thoughts in familial relationship, specifically the relationship between husband and wife through the South Korean literature, Domabaem. As for the purpose of this writing is to examine women rsquo s thoughts concerning families with regard to the husband wife relationship."

"Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi bentuk interaksi parasosial yang terjadi pada penggemar musik K-Pop yang berusia dewasa muda (26 – 39 tahun). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, strategi fenomenologi, serta wawancara mendalam terhadap 4 perempuan dewasa muda untuk pengambilan data. Data dianalisis melalui coding dan ditulis dengan teknik analisis naratif. Pada penelitian ini, interaksi parasosial dilihat dari aktivitas penggemar yang dilakukan dan memasukkan perspektif usia dewasa muda, sehingga dapat terlihat bagaimana interaksi parasosial berperan dalam kehidupan penggemar. Karakteristik individu dewasa muda turut melatarbelakangi bentuk interaksi parasosial yang dialami penggemar. Hasil analisis menemukan adanya keterbatasan sebagai individu dewasa muda yang berpotensi menghentikan interaksi parasosial pada diri penggemar. Namun, keterbatasan tersebut diatasi dengan penggunaan media digital dan fandom. Penelitian ini menemukan interaksi parasosial pada penggemar dewasa muda digunakan sebagai sarana media enjoyment.

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This research explores forms of parasocial interactions that occur in K-Pop music fans who are young adults (26-39 years). This study uses a qualitative approach, phenomenological strategy, and in-depth interviews with 4 young adult women. The data were analyzed through coding process and written with narrative analysis techniques. Parasocial interaction in this study are seen from the fan activity and include the age perspective as young adults (life course perspectives), so the study can see how parasocial interactions have a role in the fans’ life. Characteristics of young adult individuals also contribute to the form of parasocial interactions experienced by the fans. The results of this research found that young adult fans have limitations that potentially stop parasocial interactions in fans. However, these limitations are overcome by the use of digital media and fandom. This study found interactions in young adult fans are used as media enjoyment."

"Metode dan analisis penelitian; Penelitian lapangan; Penelitian sosial"

"ABSTRAKKetika memasuki masa dewasa muda, manusia ada pada tahap intimacy dan memulai untuk membangun suatu hubungan romantis. Salah satu upaya untuk mempertahankan hubungan romantis tersebut bisa dengan melakukan pengorbanan. Pengorbanan yang dilakukan seseorang dilandasi dengan dua motif, motif approach dan motif avoidance. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat hubungan antara komitmen dan motif berkorban dan juga melihat peran extraversion sebagai moderator. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 985 dewasa muda yang sedang menjalin hubungan berpacaran. Partisipan diminta mengisi kuesioner yang terdiri dari alat ukur komitmen, motif berkorban dan extraversion. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, ditemukan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara komitmen dan motif berkorban baik motif approach (p>0.000), maupun motif avoidance (p>0.001). Hasil lainnya juga ditemukan bahwa extraversion tidak berperan sebagai moderator pada hubungan komitmen dan motif berkorban. Dengan demikian, hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa individu yang memiliki tingkat komitmen yang tinggi akan lebih cenderung untuk melakukan pengorbanan baik dilandasi dengan motif approach maupun motif avoidance tidak bergantung dari tingkat extraversion.

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ABSTRACTIn young adulthood, individuals are at the intimacy stage and begin to build a romantic relationship. To maintain a romantic relationship, it can be by making sacrifices. Individual sacrifices are based on two motives, approach motives and avoidance motives. This research was conducted to see the relationship between commitment and motives of sacrifice and also see the role of extraversion as a moderator. The participants in this study amounted to 985 young adults who were dating. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire consisting of commitment, motives of sacrifice and extraversion measures. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that there was a relationship between commitment and motives of sacrifice in both approach motives (p> 0.000), and avoidance motives (p> 0.001). Other findings also show that extraversion does not act as a moderator in the relationship of commitment and motives of sacrifice. Thus, the results of this study indicate that individuals who have a high level of commitment will be more likely to make sacrifices based on either the approach motives or avoidance motives and not dependent on individuals extraversion level."

"This book is about protein structural bioinformatics and how it can help understand and predict protein function. It covers structure-based methods that can assign and explain protein function based on overall folds, characteristics of protein surfaces, occurrence of small 3D motifs, protein-protein interactions and on dynamic properties. Such methods help extract maximum value from new experimental structures, but can often be applied to protein models. The book also, therefore, provides comprehensive coverage of methods for predicting or inferring protein structure, covering all structural classes from globular proteins and their membrane-resident counterparts to amyloid structures and intrinsically disordered proteins. The book is split into two broad sections, the first covering methods to generate or infer protein structure, the second dealing with structure-based function annotation. Each chapter is written by world experts in the field. The first section covers methods ranging from traditional homology modelling and fold recognition to fragment-based ab initio methods, and includes a chapter, new for the second edition, on structure prediction using evolutionary covariance. Membrane proteins and intrinsically disordered proteins are each assigned chapters, while two new chapters deal with amyloid structures and means to predict modes of protein-protein interaction. The second section includes chapters covering functional diversity within protein folds and means to assign function based on surface properties and recurring motifs. Further chapters cover the key roles of protein dynamics in protein function and use of automated servers for function inference. The book concludes with two chapters covering case studies of structure prediction, based respectively on crystal structures and protein models, providing numerous examples of real-world usage of the methods mentioned previously. This book is targeted at postgraduate students and academic researchers. It is most obviously of interest to protein bioinformaticians and structural biologists, but should also serve as a guide to biologists more broadly by highlighting the insights that structural bioinformatics can provide into proteins of their interest."