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"If you're one of the millions of American women suffering from PMS, irregular periods, difficulty getting pregnant, low sex drive, postpartum depression, menopausal symptoms, or many other hormonal problems, what you may not realize is that thyroid disease could be the culprit. The Thyroid Hormone Breakthrough is a holistic guide to identifying and overcoming the connection between hormonal problems and the thyroid, which goes undiagnosed in more than 30 million women in the U.S. alone. It will help you identify and diagnose thyroid problems and offer strategies to cope with the effects that thyroid conditions can have on everything from puberty to menopause, including ways to avoid the pitfalls of decreased sex drive.With information on diet and exercise, conventional and alternative therapies, and lifestyle changes that will benefit overall health, plus a risk and symptom checklist and a detailed resource section, The Thyroid Hormone Breakthrough is the most comprehensive thyroid hormone book on the market."

"If you're one of the millions of American women suffering from PMS, irregular periods, difficulty getting pregnant, low sex drive, postpartum depression, menopausal symptoms, or many other hormonal problems, what you may not realize is that thyroid disease could be the culprit. The Thyroid Hormone Breakthrough is a holistic guide to identifying and overcoming the connection between hormonal problems and the thyroid, which goes undiagnosed in more than 30 million women in the U.S. alone. It will help you identify and diagnose thyroid problems and offer strategies to cope with the effects that thyroid conditions can have on everything from puberty to menopause, including ways to avoid the pitfalls of decreased sex drive.With information on diet and exercise, conventional and alternative therapies, and lifestyle changes that will benefit overall health, plus a risk and symptom checklist and a detailed resource section, The Thyroid Hormone Breakthrough is the most comprehensive thyroid hormone book on the market."

"ABSTRAKPemeriksaan thyroid-stimulating hormon TSH) merupakan salah satu pemeriksaan utama dalam mendiagnosis kelainan pada kelenjar tiroid. World Health Organization (WHO) merekomendasikan pemeriksaan kadar TSH menggunakan bahan serum. Penggunaan plasma dapat membantu pencapaian turn around time (TAT) laboratorium namun perbedaan hasil pengukuran antara serum dan plasma belum diketahui. Pada penelitian dibandingkan hasil pengukuran kadar TSH menggunakan tabung penampung serum dengan clot activator tanpa gel pemisah (Tabung I), tabung penampung plasma dengan antikoagulan heparin tanpa gel pemisah (Tabung II), dan tabung penampung plasma dengan antikoagulan heparin dan gel pemisah (Tabung III). Selain itu juga dilihat gambaran kadar TSH berdasarkan jenis kelamin, usia, dan kadar glukosa darah sewaktu. Desain penelitian adalah potong lintang dengan menggunakan 89 subjek penelitian yang dipilih secara censecutive sampling. Didapatkan median kadar TSH pada tabung I, II, dan III secara berturut-turut sebesar 1,380 (0,032-7,420) µIU/mL, 1,380 (0,030-7,480) µIU/mL, dan 1,360 (0,030-7,460) µIU/mL. Tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna kadar TSH ketiga tabung secara statistik. Median selisih kadar TSH antara tabung II dan III dengan tabung I secara proporsional didapatkan sebesar -0,9% (-7,2 - 2,2)% dan -1,7% (-8,0 - 1,6)%. Penyimpangan kadar TSH tabung II dan III yang didapatkan telah sesuai dengan nilai ketidaktepatan yang dapat diterima menurut Ricos. Didapatkan gambaran median kadar TSH pada kelompok laki-laki dan perempuan secara berturut-turut sebesar 1,500 (0,032-4,250) µIU/mL dan 1,345 (0,058-7,420) µIU/mL. Median kadar TSH pada kelompok usia 31-40 tahun dan >61 tahun secara berturut-turut sebesar 1,190 (0,609-3,240) µIU/mL dan 1,730 (0,088-5,760) µIU/mL. Pada kelompok glukosa darah sewaktu <200 mg/dL didapatkan nilai median glukosa darah sewaktu pada kelompok kadar TSH di atas nilai rujukan, dalam rentang nilai rujukan dan dibawah nilai rujukan secara berturut-turut sebesar 175 (151-199) mg/dL, 89 (60-190) mg/dL, dan 107 (73-117) mg/dL. Dari hasil yang diperoleh dapat disimpulkan bahwa spesimen dari ketiga tabung penampung dapat digunakan untuk pemeriksaan kadar TSH tanpa memberikan perbedaan hasil yang bermakna baik secara statistik maupun secara klinis. Gambaran kadar TSH yang didapatkan menunjukkan nilai median kadar TSH lebih tinggi pada laki-laki dibandingkan perempuan, terdapat pola peningkatan kadar TSH pada kelompok usia yang lebih tua, dan nilai median glukosa lebih tinggi pada kelompok kadar TSH di atas rentang nilai rujukan.

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ABSTRACTThyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is one of the important laboratory parameters in diagnosing the thyroid gland abnormalities. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends using serum samples to measure TSH levels. The use of plasma samples can help to improve laboratory turn around time (TAT) but the difference of measurements results between serum and plasma samples is unknown. The aims of this atudy were to compare TSH levels using serum tubes with clot activator (Tube I), plasma tubes with heparin anticoagulants (Tube II), and plasma tubes with heparin anticoagulant and gel separator (Tube III), and to show an overview of TSH levels according to gender, age, and random blood glucose levels. A cross sectional study was conducted using 89 blood samples from subjects that were selected by consecutive sampling. The median TSH levels in tubes I, II, and III were 1.380 (0.032-7.420) µIU/mL, 1.380 (0.030-7.480) µIU/mL, and 1.360 (0.030-7.460) µIU/mL respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in TSH levels of the three tubes. The median TSH levels differences of tubes II and III compared to tube I were -0.9% (-7.2 - 2.2) and -1.7% (-8.0 - 1.6) respectively. Biases of the measurement results obtained were in accordance with the spesicified desirable bias according to Ricos. The median TSH levels of the male and female groups was 1.500 (0.032-4.250) µIU/mL and 1.345 (0.058-7.420) µIU/mL respectively. Median TSH levels of 31-40 years old age group and >61 years old age group were 1.190 (0.609-3.240) µIU/mL and 1.730 (0.088-5.760) µIU/mL respectively. In the group of blood glucose level <200 mg/dL, the median of blood glucose level according to above, within, and below reference range of TSH were 175 (151-199) mg/dL, 89 (60-190) mg/dL, and 107 (73-117) mg/dL. In conclusion, specimens from the three tubes could be used to examine TSH levels without giving neither statistically nor clinically significant difference. The measurement of TSH levels obtained in the study showed a higher median TSH levelin the male group compared to the female group, higher TSH levels in the older age group, and a higher median glucose level in the TSH group above the reference range of TSH.

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"O'Neill offers men a breakthrough plan to boost energy, fight disease, improve mood, and increase sexual vitality to reclaim their manhood, youth and vitality."

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Latar Belakang: Melasma merupakan bercak hiperpigmentasi yang sebagian besar terdapat pada wajah. Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa kadar hormon tiroid secara bermakna lebih tinggi pada pasien melasma. Akan tetapi, belum terdapat penelitian yang menjelaskan perbedaan kadar hormon tiroid pada gradasi derajat keparahan melasma.

Tujuan: Mengetahui perbandingan kadar hormone tiroid pada derajat melasma yang berbeda yaitu pada melasma ringan atau sedang-berat yang dinilai dengan mMASI dan Janus II facial analysis system.

Metode: Empat puluh delapan perempuan disertakan sebagai subjek penelitian potong lintang ini. Sampel dipilih menggunakan metode consecutive sampling. Subjek dinilai derajat keparahan melasma secara subjektif menggunakan skor mMASI di Poliklinik Kulit dan Kelamin RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo setelah diagnosis ditegakkan. Pemeriksaan dikonfirmasi menggunakan alat Janus II facial analysis system di RSPAD Gatot Subroto. Subjek penelitian kemudian diperiksa hormon tiroid FT4 dan TSH.

Hasil: Berdasarkan skor mMASI, 24 pasien (50%) didiagnosis sebagai melasma derajat ringan dan 24 pasien (50%) didiagnosis sebagai melasma derajat sedang. Sebanyak 2 pasien (4%) juga didiagnosis dengan hipertiroid subklinis dan 1 pasien (2%) didiagnosis dengan hipotiroid subklinis. Tidak ditemukan hubungan yang bermakna antara derajat melasma berdasarkan mMASI dengan kadar TSH dan FT4 serum. Pemeriksaan Janus menggunakan modalitas cahaya polarisasi memiliki korelasi positif dengan kadar FT4 serum (r = 0,3, p = 0,039) dan skor mMASI (r = 0,314, p = 0,03).

Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan kadar TSH serum antar berbagai derajat melasma berdasarkan penilaian mMASI dan Janus II facial analysis system. Kadar FT4 serum memiliki korelasi positif dengan hasil penilaian Janus II facial analysis system menggunakan modalitas cahaya polarisasi.

 

 

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Background:

Melasma is characterized by hypermelanosis manifested mostly on facial area. Previous studies have shown that thyroid hormone level was significantly higher in melasma patient. However, no studies has defined comparison of thyroid hormone level on varying severity of melasma yet.

Aim

To study comparison of thyroid hormone level across varying severity of melasma, between mild and moderate-severe melasma, evaluated using mMASI and Janus II facial analysis system.

Metode:

Forty eight women included in this cross-sectional study. Samples were included using consecutive sampling method. The severity of melasma was measured subjectively using mMASI score in Dermatology and Venereology Outpatient Clinic of Cipto Mangunkusumo General National Hospital after the diagnosis of melasma has been made. The measurement was confirmed using Janus II facial analysis system in Gatot Subroto General Army Hospital. Lastly, we measured the level of FT4 and TSH of each patients.

Results:

Based on mMASI score, 24 patients (50%) were diagnosed as mild melasma and 24 patients (50%) were diagnosed as moderate-severe melasma. As many as two patients (4%) were also diagnosed with subclinical hyperthyroidism and one patient (2%) with subclinical hypothyroidism. There is no assosciation between severity of melasma and level of TSH and FT4. Janus examination using polarisasi light modalities has weak positive correlation with level of FT4 (r = 0,3, p – 0,039) and darkness score of mMASI (r = 0,3, p = 0,03).

Conclusion:

There is no association between TSH and varying severity of melasma. Using mMASI and Janus. FT4 level has weak positive correlation with Janus facial analysis system examiniton results on polarisasi light modalities.

 

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"The recent findings on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) have left millions of women feeling angry, worried, and full of questions. For decades, doctors have recommended HRT to relieve the symptoms of menopause and ward off potential health risks. But do the risks outweigh the benefits?The Hormone Decision cuts through the confusion to give you the true facts about what HRT can and can't do for you, what the true risks are, and the vital, reliable information you need to make the best, most informed choice for your needs and lifestyle.Inside, you'll find the seven most critical questions--and, more important, their answers--you need to ask yourself and your doctor"