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"Bunga telang (Clitoria ternatea L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman dari genus Clitoria yang mengandung senyawa golongan flavonoid serta memiliki aktivitas antioksidan sehingga berpotensi dalam menghambat enzim elastase. Namun, penelitian tentang kemampuan ekstrak dalam menghambat enzim elastase masih belum tersedia di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis aktivitas antioksidan metode ABTS dan aktivitas penghambatan enzim elastase dalam ekstrak etanol 70% bunga telang. Sebagai langkah awal, dilakukan pengamatan mikroskopis simplisia bunga telang yang menunjukkan adanya beberapa sel atau jaringan di dalamnya, yakni stomata anomositik pada epidermis, pembuluh annular, butiran serbuk sari, kristal kalsium oksalat prismatik, papila, dan trikoma. Ekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 70% menghasilkan rendemen sebesar 45,521% dengan rata-rata kadar air ekstrak sebesar 5,445 ± 0,08%. Penetapan kadar flavonoid total kemudian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kolorimetri AlCl3 menunjukkan hasil sebesar 4,75 ± 0,7 mgEK/g ekstrak. Aktivitas antioksidan melalui pengujian ABTS dalam ekstrak etanol 70% bunga telang dan pembanding asam askorbat memberikan nilai IC50 dengan kategori sangat kuat, masing-masing sebesar 26,40 ± 0,2 dan 3,20 ± 0,07 ppm. Pada pengujian anti-elastase, pembanding epigalokatekin galat (EGCG) mendapatkan nilai IC50 sebesar 39,4 ± 0,07 μg/mL, sedangkan ekstrak memiliki aktivitas penghambatan terhadap enzim elastase yang relatif rendah, yaitu sebesar 10,06 ± 0,2% pada konsentrasi 500 μg/mL dan 19,766 ± 0,4% pada konsentrasi 1000 μg/mL. Dengan demikian, meskipun ekstrak bunga telang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan kuat, kemampuannya dalam menghambat enzim elastase tergolong tidak aktif.

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The butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) is a plant from the genus Clitoria known for its flavonoid content and antioxidant activity, making it potentially capable of inhibiting the enzyme elastase. However, research on its elastase inhibition ability is lacking in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity using the ABTS method and the elastase inhibitory activity in a 70% ethanol extract of butterfly pea flowers. Microscopic observations of the flower revealed several cellular structures, including anomocytic stomata, annular vessels, pollen grains, calcium oxalate crystals, papillae, and trichomes. The extraction process used maceration with 70% ethanol, yielding a rendement of 45.521% and an average moisture content of 5.445 ± 0.08%. The total flavonoid content was determined using the AlCl3 colorimetric method, resulting in 4.75 ± 0.7 mgQE/g extract. The ABTS testing showed very strong antioxidant activity, with IC50 values of 26.40 ± 0.2 ppm for the extract and 3.20 ± 0.07 ppm for ascorbic acid. In the anti-elastase test, the comparator epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) had an IC50 value of 39.4 ± 0.07 μg/mL. However, the extract demonstrated relatively low elastase inhibitory activity, with inhibition rates of 10.06 ± 0.2% at 500 μg/mL and 19.766 ± 0.4% at 1000 μg/mL. Thus, while the butterfly pea flower extract exhibits strong antioxidant potential, its ability to inhibit elastase is less effective compared to EGCG. This suggests that the extract might be more useful for applications focused on antioxidant properties rather than as an elastase inhibitor."

"Determine your own or your client's flower personality. Written by an expert in the field of flower essence healing with over 20 years' experience, this book is the encyclopedia of the art of essences' secret healing power. Charts, illustrations, easy-to-use cross-reference index, in-depth descriptions, and fascinating stories of case histories abound here, plus a fun and revealing section of "famous theme personalities.""

"Determine your own or your client's flower personality. Written by an expert in the field of flower essence healing with over 20 years' experience, this book is the encyclopedia of the art of essences' secret healing power. Charts, illustrations, easy-to-use cross-reference index, in-depth descriptions, and fascinating stories of case histories abound here, plus a fun and revealing section of "famous theme personalities.""

"Buku yang berjudul "The encyclopaedia of flower remedies: the healing power of flower essences from around the world" ini ditulis oleh Clare G. Harvey dan Amanda Cochrane. Buku ini membahas tentang tumbuhan yg berkhasiat untuk menyembuhkan penyakit."

"Latar belakang: Mortalitas yang tinggi pada kanker ovarium utamanya disebabkan oleh progresi, kemoresistensi, dan rekurensinya. Diketahui progresivitas dan kemoresistensi kanker ovarium dipengaruhi oleh aksis endothelin, yang melibatkan endothelin-1 dan reseptor endothelin melalui proses epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), sehingga menargetkan aksis ini merupakan prospek yang menjanjikan dalam pengembangan agen sensitisasi yang efektif. Kurkumin, senyawa herbal yang banyak di Indonesia, berpotensi menjadi agen ko-kemoterapi kanker ovarium, namun mekanismenya masih belum banyak diketahui. Penelitian sebelumnya menemukan bahwa kurkumin mampu menekan jalur endothelin di beberapa galur sel. Tujuan: Penelitian eksperimental dilakukan untuk menganalisis aktivitas kurkumin sebagai agen ko-kemoterapi cisplatin dalam memodulasi aksis endothelin pada sel SKOV3. Metode: Sampel terbagi menjadi tiga kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol (hanya diberikan vehicle), kelompok cisplatin 3,75 μM, serta kelompok kurkumin 5 μM dan cisplatin 3,75 μM. Sel diinkubasi selama 48 jam setelah pemberian perlakuan. Setelah 48 jam, dilakukan pemeriksaan ekspresi mRNA endothelin-1, reseptor endothelin A, dan reseptor endothelin B menggunakan metode qRT-PCR. Hasil: Terdapat penurunan signifikan ekspresi mRNA endothelin-1 pada sel SKOV3 yang diberikan kurkumin bersama cisplatin (0,55±0,32; p=0,005) dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol (3,35±2,80). Tidak ditemukan perbedaan dalam ekspresi mRNA reseptor endothelin A dan B yang signifikan antar kelompok. Kesimpulan: Kurkumin sebagai agen ko-kemoterapi cisplatin mampu memodulasi aksis endothelin melalui penekanan ekspresi mRNA endothelin-1, namun tidak melalui penekanan ekspresi mRNA reseptor endothelin A maupun B.

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Background: The high mortality of ovarian cancer is mainly attributed to its progression, chemoresistance to cisplatin, and recurrence. This progression and chemoresistance is mediated by the endothelin axis, which involves endothelin-1 and endothelin receptors through epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, so targeting this axis is a promising prospect in developing an effective chemosensitizer. According to previous studies, curcumin, a ubiquitous herbal compound in Indonesia, has the potential to be a co-chemotherapeutic agent in ovarian cancer, but its mechanism in cancer progression is still unknown. Previous studies show that curcumin has the ability to modulate endothelin axis in non cancer cells.

Objective: To analyze the activity of curcumin as a co-chemotherapeutic agent with cisplatin in modulating endothelin axis in SKOV3 cells.

Methods: Sample is divided into three groups: control group (only given vehicle), cisplatin 3,75 μM group, and curcumin 5 μM and cisplatin 3,75 μM group. Cells are then incubated for 48 hours. After 48 hours, expression of endothelin-1, endothelin receptor A, and endothelin receptor B mRNAs are measured by qRT-PCR.

Results: There is a significant decrease in endothelin-1 mRNA expression in SKOV3 cells treated with curcumin and cisplatin (0,55±0,32; p=0,005) compared to control group (3,35±2,80). There is no significant difference of endothelin receptor A and B mRNA expression between each group.

Conclusion: Curcumin as a co-chemotherapeutic agent with cisplatin potentially modulates endothelin axis through repression of endothelin-1 mRNA expression, but not endothelin receptor mRNA A or B expression."

"Penelitian mengenai karakterisasi morofologi bunga dan pollinaria 14 spesies Hoya atau bunga lilin telah dilakukan dari Februari--Mei 2015. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan membandingkan 14 spesies Hoya koleksi Kebun Raya Bogor (KRB) berdasarkan morfologi bunga dan pollinaria. Sampel yang digunakan merupakan 14 spesimen awetan basah bunga koleksi KRB. Data yang diambil berupa data kualitatif, kuantitatif, dan visual melalui metode pengamatan langsung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan variasi bentuk dan ukuran bunga serta pollinaria pada 14 spesies Hoya koleksi KRB. Hasil juga menunjukkan adanya karakter pembeda antarspesies yaitu bentuk calyx, keberadaan trikom pada bagian tepi calyx, bentuk corolla, bentuk corona, pelengkap anther, bentuk pollinia, bentuk corpusculum, ada atau tidaknya caudicle, bentuk caudicle, ada atau tidaknya pellucid edge, dan bentuk translator.

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Research on morphological flowers and pollinaria characterization from 14 species Hoya or wax flowers was conducted from Februari--Mei 2015. The aims of this research was to describe and compare 14 species of Hoya collections from Bogor Botanical Garden (BBG) based on flower and pollinaria morphology. The research was carried out using preserved 14 specimen collections from BBG. The qualitative, quantitative, and visual data were collected by direct observation method.

The result showed that the shape and size characters from flowers and pollinaria of 14 Hoya species from BBG were varied. Beside variation of Hoya flowers and pollinaria, there were also some distinguish characters of calyx shape, presence or absence of trichome in calyx, corolla shape, corona shape, anther appendages, pollinia shape, corpusculum shape, presence or absence of caudicle, caudicle shape, presence or absence of pellucid edge , and translator shape."