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"The main purpose of this book is to increase the awareness of interested laymen of the considerable potential for reducing cancer mortality by relatively simple measures. There are three principal points: avoiding risk factors; making use of early diagnostic methods; and management of established cancers. This book is an attempt to remove some of the doubts most of us have about this taboo subject."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakangKematian akibat kanker serviks masih tinggi karena sekitar 90% terdiagnosis pada stadium lanjut. Kanker serviks merupakan penyakit yang dapat dicegah. Rumah sakit memiliki peran penting dalam pencegahan kanker serviks, baik dalam pencegahan primer (vaksinasi HPV) maupun pencegahan sekunder (skrining kanker serviks dan tatalaksana kasus dengan hasil skrining yang positif).TujuanMengetahui peran rumah sakit di DKI Jakarta dalam pencegahan primer dan sekunder kanker serviks.MetodePenelitian ini adalah survey yang dilakukan pada 25 rumah sakit yang dipilih secara simple random sampling dari 109 rumah sakit yang ada di DKI Jakarta. Dilakukan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner yang berisi pertanyaan mengenai aspek pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku terhadap 117 tenaga kesehatan serta identifikasi kesiapan fasilitas terkait pencegahan kanker serviks pada 25 rumah sakit tersebut.HasilDari aspek pengetahuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa semua tenaga kesehatan (100%) mengetahui bahwa vaksinasi HPV dilakukan sebagai pencegahan primer kanker serviks, 98,3% mengetahui bahwa vaksin HPV disuntikkan intra muskular, 91,5% mengetahui bahwa vaksinasi HPV diberikan 3x yaitu pada bulan ke 0, 1, 6 atau 0, 2, 6, dan 71,8% mengetahui bahwa vaksin HPV disuntikkan pada deltoid. Sebagian besar tenaga kesehatan (99,1%) mengetahui bahwa tes IVA (Inspeksi Visual dengan Aplikasi Asam Asetat) dapat digunakan untuk deteksi dini kanker serviks, 76,9% mengetahui cara menginterpretasi hasil tes IVA yang positif, dan 60,7% tahu bagaimana cara melakukan tes IVA. Sebanyak 93,2% tenaga kesehatan mengetahui tujuan tes pap dan 82,1% mengetahui bagaimana cara melakukan tes pap. Dari aspek sikap, sebagian besar tenaga kesehatan (96,6%) setuju untuk memberikan vaksinasi HPV, 94% setuju untuk melakukan tes IVA dan 98,3% setuju untuk melakukan tes pap. Dari aspek perilaku, sebagian besar tenaga kesehatan (76,9%) menawarkan pada klien/pasiennya vaksinasi HPV dan 62,4% pernah melakukan vaksinasi HPV, 52,1% menawarkan dan 30,8% pernah melakukan pemeriksaan IVA serta 86,3% menawarkan dan 71,8% melakukan tes pap. Sebagian besar tenaga kesehatan perempuan yang sesuai dengan persyaratan (75%) sudah melakukan tes pap bagi dirinya sendiri, tetapi hanya 32,5% yang sudah mendapatkan vaksinasi HPV.Dari segi fasilitas, 20 rumah sakit (80%) di DKI Jakarta menyediakan vaksinasi HPV, dan semua (100%) rumah sakit menyediakan tes pap. Hanya 11 rumah sakit (44%) yang menyediakan tes IVA dan 10 rumah sakit (40%) yang menyediakan kolposkopi.KesimpulanSebagian besar rumah sakit di DKI Jakarta sudah mempunyai tenaga kesehatan dengan pengetahuan dan sikap yang baik dalam pencegahan kanker serviks, namun dari aspek perilaku sebagian besar belum menunjukkan perilaku yang baik dalam pencegahan primer kanker serviks. Sebagian besar rumah sakit di DKI Jakarta sudah menyediakan fasilitas pelayanan vaksinasi HPV dan tes pap, namun sebagian besar belum menyediakan fasilitas IVA dan kolposkopi.

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ABSTRACTIntroductionMortality caused by cervical cancer remains high because 90% of cases are diagnosed at advanced stage. Cervical cancer is a preventable disease. Hospitals have an important role in cervical cancer prevention, including primary prevention (HPV vaccination) and secondary prevention (cervical cancer screening and treatment of positive screening results).ObjectiveTo evaluate the role of hospitals in DKI Jakarta on primary and secondary cervical cancer preventionMethodThis was a survey conducted to 25 hospitals, chosen with simple random sampling from 109 hospitals in DKI Jakarta. Questionnaire used for interview contained statements regarding knowledge, attitude and behavior of 117 health care professionals along with identification of facility preparedness for cervical cancer prevention within those 25 hospitals.ResultThe assessment of knowledge shows that all health care professionals (100%) knew that HPV vaccination is used as a primary prevention for cervical cancer. About 98.3% responden knew HPV vaccine injected intramuscularly. As much as 91.5% of the responden knew HPV vaccine is given three times either at month 0,1, 6 or at month 0,2,6. About 71.8% responden knew deltoid as site for vaccine injection.Most of health care professionals (99.1%) knew VIA (visual inspection with acetic acid) can be used for early detection of cervical cancer. About 76.9% responden knew how to intepret positive VIA results and 60.7% responden knew how to do VIA test. As much as 93.2% health care professional knew the purpose of Pap test and about 82.1% knew how to do it. From attitude aspect, most of health care professionals (96.6%) agreed in giving HPV vaccination. About 94% of them agreed to do VIA test and about 98.3% agreed in conducting Pap test. From behavioral aspect, most of the responden (76.9%) offered HPV vaccination to their clients/patients and 62.4% responden did HPV vaccination. VIA test was offered and conducted by 52.1% and 30.8% of them, respectively. About 86.3% responden offered Pap test and 71.8% did the Pap test. As many as 75% of female health care professionals who meet the qualification already had a Pap test for themselves, but only 32.5% ever been vaccinated for HPV. From facility aspect, twenty hospitals (80%) in DKI Jakarta offered HPV vaccination with Pap test can be done in all of them. VIA test and colposcopy were only available in eleven (44%) and ten (40%) hospitals respectively.ConclusionMost hospitals in DKI Jakarta have health care professionals with good knowledge and attitude in cervical cancer prevention. However, not many have shown expected behavior in the primary prevention. Most hospitals in DKI Jakarta provide facilities for HPV vaccination and Pap test, but only few have VIA facilities and colposcopy."

"Penelitian deskriptif korelatif ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan tingkat pengetahuan remaja puteri tentang kanker payudara dengan persepsi tentang cara pencegahannya di SMA 30 Jakarta dengan pendekatan potong lintang. Penelitian ini melibatkan 178 siswi kelas X dan XI SMA 30 Jakarta Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah stratified random sampling. Analisa yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisa chi square dengan alpha 0,05. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan antara kedua variabel tersebut dengan nilai p 0,148. Oleh karena itu perlu diupayakan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor determinan terhadap pengetahuan dan persepsi ini dengan mencoba mengeksplorasi pengaruh faktor lainnya dan menguji instrumennya sampai valid.

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The goal of this descriptive correlative was investigated the eject of knowledge girls adolescence about breast cancer with perception about the prevention of breast cancer at SMA 30 Jakarta. The study examined students from X-XI grade in SMA 30 Jakarta. Sampling methode of this study was using stratified random sampling technique. This research used the chi square analysis with aloha 0.05. The result suggest that no correlation between those two variables, with p value 0, 148. Therefore it needs to be carried out further research in order to know determinant factors towards knowledge and perception by trying to explore other factor and testing the instruments until valid."

"This book is meant to provide a complete overview of the research of HPV and its connection to cervical cancer."

"Prevention is recognized as a cornerstone of international environmental law, but this principle remains abstract and elusive in terms of exactly what is required of states to prevent environmental harm. In this illuminating work, Leslie-Anne Duvic-Paoli addresses this issue by offering a systematic, comprehensive assessment in which she clarifies the rationale, content, and scope of the prevention principle while also placing it in a wider legal context. The book offers a detailed analysis of treaty law, custom codification works, and case law before culminating in a conceptualization of prevention based on three definitional traits: 1. Its anticipatory rationale; 2. Its due diligence content; and 3. Its wide spatial scope to protect the environment as a whole. This book should be read by anyone seeking to understand the evolving principle of prevention in international environmental law, and how it increasingly shares common ground with reparation in the arena of compliance control."

"Cancer can affect people of all ages, and approximately one in three people are estimated to be diagnosed with cancer during their lifetime. Extensive research is being undertaken by many different institutions to explore potential new therapeutics, and biomaterials technology is now being developed to target, treat and prevent cancer. This unique book discusses the role and potential of biomaterials in treating this prevalent disease.The first part of the book discusses the fundamentals of biomaterials for cancer therapeutics. Chapters in part two discuss synthetic vaccines, proteins and polymers for cancer therapeutics. Part three focusses on theranosis and drug delivery systems, whilst the final set of chapters look at biomaterial therapies and cancer cell interaction.This extensive book provides a complete overview of the latest research into the potential of biomaterials for the diagnosis, therapy and prevention of cancer. Biomaterials for cancer therapeutics is an essential text for academics, scientists and researchers within the biomedical industry, and will also be of interest to clinicians with a research interest in cancer therapies and biomaterials."

"ABSTRAKTujuan: Menilai masa pemulihan disfungsi saluran kemih setelah histerektomi radikal pada pasien kanker serviks di RSUPN Ciptomangunkusumo. Metode: Studi survei dilakukan di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo dari September 2016 hingga Mei 2017. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari pasien kanker serviks stadium IA2 hingga IIA2 yang menjalani histerektomi radikal. Kateter suprapubik SPC digunakan sebagai alat untuk memantau produksi urin pasca operasi. Pasien diinstruksikan untuk mengikuti protokol bladder training yaitu melalui prosedur menutup dan membuka kateter. Rasa sensasi ingin berkemih dan berkemih spontan. Pengukuran residu volume urin pasca berkemih dibawah 100mL dianggap merupakan indikator pemulihan disfungsi saluran kemih. Rata-rata hari dari setiap fase kemudian dihitung. Hasil: Dua puluh sembilan subjek didapatkan selama penelitian. Namun, hanya 21 subjek yang dapat mengikuti protocol bladder traning dan dicatat perkembangan pemulihannya. Rata-rata hari yang diperlukan untuk merasakan sensasi berkemih dan berkemih spontan adalah 7,57 4.78 hari median 5 hari, minimum 3 hari, dan maksimum 22 hari dan 8 5.21 hari. median 6 hari, minimum 3 hari dan maksimum 23 hari Rata-rata hari untuk mencapai residu urin di bawah 100 mL adalah 21.42 18 median 18 hari, minimum 7 hari, dan maksimum 74 hari . Kesimpulan: Setelah prosedur histerektomi radikal, pencatatan masa pemulihan penting untuk dipantau untuk memastikan pemulihan lengkap. Rata-rata hari yang diperlukan untuk pemulihan adalah 21.42 18 hari median 18 hari, minimum 7 hari, dan maksimum 74 hari .

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ABSTRACTObjectives To assess the length of recovery phase in urinary tract dysfunction following radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer patients in Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital. Methods This survey study was conducted in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from September 2016 to May 2017. Subjects were cervical cancer patients from stage IA2 to IIA2 underwent radical hysterectomy. Suprapubic catheter SPC was inserted to observe the urine production after procedure. Patients were then directed for bladder training protocol involving clamping and opening SPC. Sensation of bladder fullness followed by spontaneous micturition were recorded. Measurement of post voiding residual PVR urine volume after spontaneous micturition until less than 100 mL was considered as resolution of urinary tract dysfunction. The average days of every achieved phase were then calculated. Results Twenty nine subjects underwent radical hysterectomy during observation period. But only 21 subjects continued the bladder training protocol and recorded for the recovery phases. The average time needed to obtain sensation of bladder fullness and spontaneous micturition were 7.57 4.78 days median 5 days, minimum 3 days, maximum 22 days and 8 5.21 days median 6 days, minimum 3 days, maximum 23 days . The objective PVR urine became less than 100mL was obtained after 21.42 18 days median 18 days, minimum 7 days, maximum 74 days . Conslusion Following radical hysterectomy, recording the recovery phase of urinary tract dysfuction is essential to ensure complete resolution. Complete resolution of the urinary dysfunction is achieved after 21.4218 days in average median 18 days, minimum 7 days, maximum 74 days ."