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"Royal jelly, propolis and pollen are popular health supplements being rich in essential nutrients to boost the immune system. This book is a compact and useful guidePropolis: has been found to contain resins, balsams, beeswax, essential oils and pollen. The most active part of the resins are bioflavonoids, which are able to control micro-organisms and help to stimulate the immune system. This supplement is enormously popular and the book describes its benefits and the studies which prove its efficacy, helping to kill bacteria and fungal infections.Royal jelly: has always been a popular food supplement. It contains all components of bee pollen (below) and benefits the body in times of stress and is effective in helping treatment of arteriosclerosis.Bee pollen: has been found to contain all the nutrients known to man and is a balanced source of all the amino acids necessary for active life. It is nature’s most complete food."

"Peningkatan penggunaan Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) dari tahun ke tahun menyebabkan permintaan melebihi supply. Hal ini menyebabkan peningkatan harga FBS. Penelitian ini dimulai dengan membuat sediaan serbuk royal jelly dan propolis menggunakan metode freeze drying. Serbuk royal jelly dan ekstrak propolis kemudian akan ditambahkan pada media kultur kemudian dihitung proliferasi dan viabilitas sel fibroblas dengan menggunakan Trypan blue assay. Penambahan variasi propolis, royal jelly, dan FBS akan dilakukan dalam 7 variasi konsentrasi. Hasil proliferasi sel fibroblas media variasi 1 pada hari ketujuh memberikan hasil terbaik dari antara media variasi lain dengan rata-rata 24.780,7±401,98 sel/cm2. Namun hasil tersebut masih belum melebihi proliferasi pada media kontrol. Hasil pengujian viabilitas media variasi 1 hingga media variasi 4 pada hari ketujuh memberikan hasil viabilitas > 95%. Berdasarkan pada hasil PDL, viabilitas, dan morfologi sel fibroblast, maka media variasi terbaik merupakan media variasi 3 dengan waktu inkubasi 3 hari yang mencapai nilai level pembelahan sebanyak 3,3 level. Untuk waktu inkubasi 7 hari, media 1 merupakan yang terbaik diantara media variasi dengan nilai level pembelahan sebanyak 3,4level.

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The increasing use of Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) over the years has led to a demand exceeding the supply. This has resulted in an increase in the price of FBS. This research begins by preparing powdered formulations of royal jelly and propolis using the freeze-drying method. The powdered royal jelly and powder propolis sulawesi extracts will then be added to the culture media, and the proliferation, viability, and population doubling level (PDL) of sel fibroblas cells will be assessed using the Trypan blue assay. Seven serum concentration variations (combination of royal jelly, propolis, and FBS) will be added on multi well culture plate 12 wells microplate sterile. The results of sel fibroblas cell proliferation in 1st media variation on the seventh day showed the best outcome among the other variations, with an average of 24,780.7±401.98 cells/cm2. The viability testing results of 1st to 4th variation media on the seventh day showed viability rates of >95%. Based on the results of PDL, viability, and fibroblast cell morphology, the best variation medium is variation medium 3 with an incubation time of 3 days, reaching a cell division level of 3.3. For an incubation time of 7 days, variation medium 1 is the best among the 1st variation with seven day incubation, at the average level of 3.38 PDs."

"Penyembuhan luka merupakan sesuatu yang kompleks dan melibatkan banyak hal termasuk homeostasis, peradangan, migrasi, proliferasi, dan maturasi. Namun, kerusakan pada jaringan kulit karena luka parah dapat menyebabkan regenerasi yang kurang cukup dan memerlukan intervensi klinis. Walaupun adanya perawatan klinis, jaringan bekas luka tetap menjadi penghalang untuk pemulihan penuh secara estetik dan fungsional dari jaringan kulit di area luka. Alginat merupakan salah satu biomaterial yang digunakan untuk membuat scaffold untuk jaringan kulit. Royal jelly memiliki kemampuan untuk meningkatkan regenerasi sel serta memiliki sifat-sifat antioksidan, antibakteri, dan anti-peradangan. Hal ini membuat kedua bahan tersebut menjadi cocok untuk dijadikan bahan utama scaffold jaringan kulit. Pada penelitian ini, akan dilakukan perakitan dan karakterisasi pada 3D printer Anet A8 menjadi bioprinter. Perakitan dimulai dari pembuatan microextruder printhead, modifikasi panel kontrol, dan modifikasi firmware serta pembuatan sprayer. Bioink yang terbuat dari sodium alginat 5% (w/v) dan royal jelly 10% (w/v) akan digunakan untuk membuat scaffold menggunakan metode 3D bioprinting dengan scaffold yang dirancang menggunakan perangkat lunak SolidWorks dan Ultimaker Cura. Tiga jenis model scaffold dibuat dengan bentuk persegi berjaring yang memiliki pola yang berbeda. Scaffold dicetak menggunakan bioprinter yang telah dimodifikasi dan dipadatkan menggunakan CaCl2. Scaffold berhasil dibentuk dengan menggunakan model persegi berjaring dengan pola zig-zag.

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Wound healing is a complex process involving various factors such as homeostasis, inflammation, migration, proliferation, and maturation. However, severe skin tissue damage due to wounds can result in insufficient regeneration and may require clinical intervention. Despite clinical treatments, scar tissue remains a barrier to full aesthetic and functional recovery of skin tissue at the wound site. Alginate is one of the biomaterials used to create scaffolds for skin tissue. Royal jelly has the ability to enhance cell regeneration and possesses antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. These qualities make both materials suitable as primary components for skin tissue scaffolds. In this study, assembly and characterization will be conducted on a 3D printer Anet A8 transformed into a bioprinter. Assembly will begin with the creation of a microextruder printhead, modification of the control panel and firmware, and the creation of a sprayer. A bioink made of 5% (w/v) sodium alginate and 10% (w/v) royal jelly will be used to create scaffolds using 3D bioprinting, with scaffold designs created using SolidWorks and Ultimaker Cura software. Three types of scaffold models will be produced in the form of square mesh with different patterns. Scaffolds will be printed using the modified bioprinter and solidified using CaCl2. The scaffolds were successfully formed using the square mesh model with a zig-zag pattern."

"Joseon kings amde many visits to the tombs of their precedi kings as a means of expressing their filial piety and demontrating their legitomacy as sovereign,and King Jeongjo was no exception..... "

"Scott Cunningham shows the effects that essential oils and extracts have on our inner selves. The current knowledge of the physiological and psychological effects of natural fragrances are combined with the ancient art of magical perfumery. Learn how to use these tools to enhance psychic perception, help finances, attract love, and more."

"Scott Cunningham shows the effects that essential oils and extracts have on our inner selves. The current knowledge of the physiological and psychological effects of natural fragrances are combined with the ancient art of magical perfumery. Learn how to use these tools to enhance psychic perception, help finances, attract love, and more."

"ABSTRAKBerbagai penyakit gigi mempunyai korelasi positif dengan bakteri dalam mulut.Sehingga beberapa bakteri gigi telah menjadi target utama untuk pencegahanpenyakit gigi. Penyakit gigi yang disebabkan oleh bakteri diantaranya adalahkaries gigi, peradangan gusi, ulceration oral, dan lain-lain. Oleh sebab itu,perawatan gigi dengan yang dapat membunuh bakteri-bakteri gigi sangatdiperlukan. Propolis mengandung senyawa-senyawa polifenol dan flavonoid yangmempunyai fungsi sebagai anti bakteri, beberapa penelitian telah menunjukkanbahwa propolis dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri-bakteri yang tumbuh digigi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji potensi propolis sebagai bahantambahan dalam permen. Permen yang akan digunakan berbentuk hard candyyang mempunyai tekstur keras dan berkilau. Pembuatan permen propolisdilakukan dengan cara mempergunakan propolis sebagai zat tambahan dalampermen. Uji aktivitas antibakteri propolis terhadap bakteri adalah metode difusiagar. Berdasarkan penelitian didapat permen yang dihasilkan mempunyai kadarair (0.15 - 0.25 %) dan kadar abu (0.02- 0.1%) hal ini memenuhi persyaratan SNI3547.1 : 2008 dan secara difusi kertas cakram aktivitas antibakteri propolis dalampermen dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri sebesar 5 mm (propolis 5%brazil + 3% madu) dan 3 mm (propolis 5% lokal + 3% madu). Hasil ini sesuaidengan harapan kami bahwa permen yang mengandung propolis yang ditelitimempunyai potensi sebagai produk pangan pencegah penyakit gigi.

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ABSTRACTVariety of dental diseases have a positive correlation with the bacteria in the

mouth. So some dental bacteria have become a prime target for the prevention of

dental disease. Dental disease caused by bacteria include dental caries, gum

inflammation, oral ulceration, and others. Therefore, dental care with which can

kill the tooth?s bacteria is needed. Propolis contains polyphenolic compounds and

flavonoids that have a function as an anti-bacterial, several studies have shown

that propolis may inhibit the growth of bacteria that grow on teeth. This study

aims to test the potential of propolis as an additional ingredient in candy. Candy

that will be used that have shaped hard candy hard and shiny texture. Propolis

candy-making is done by use of propolis as a food additive in candy. Test the

antibacterial activity of propolis against bacteria is agar diffusion method. Based

on the research that produced candy has obtained water content (0.15 - 0.25%)

and ash content (0.02-0.1%) it is compliant with SNI 3547.1: 2008 and the paper

disc diffusion antibacterial activity of propolis in the candy can inhibit bacterial

growth rate of 5 mm (brazil propolis 5% + 3% honey) and 3 mm (propolis 5% +

3% local honey). These results are consistent with our expectation that candies

containing propolis are researched have potential as a food product preventing

dental disease."

"ABSTRAKSaat ini, ada banyak produk scrub yang menggunakan mikroplastik sebagai bahan pengikis atau abrasif yang digunakan dalam kosmetik scrub. Setelah pengunaan bahan ini, ia akan masuk ke lingkungan, terutama ke ekosistem laut. Mikroplastik ini akan bercampur dengan plankton dan sedimen, menyebabkan organisme laut menelan partikel tersebut secara tidak sengaja. Hal ini dikarenakan ukuranya yang hamper sama sehingga organisme tersebut tidak dapat membedakan antara mikroplastik tersebut dari makanannya. Permasalahan ini akan semakin berbahaya jika organisme kecil ini dimakan oleh mamalia laut, kura-kura, ikan, burung dan lain-lain yang menyebabkan partikel ini berada di sepanjang rantai makanan, hingga mencapai manusia. Bahan alternatif untuk mikroplastik bisa diambil dari bahan biopolimer. Salah satu bahan alternatif yang bisa digunakan adalah lumpur propolis kering. Setelah memanen sarang lebah, lumpur propolis kering dapat diekstraksi dengan ekstrak etanol dari sarang lebah. Dari hasil penelitian, produk ini memiliki karakteristik fisika dan kimia yang sesuai dengan standar pembuatan scrub. Dari ukuran partikel bahwa lumpur propolis kering memiliki ukuran direntang 138-491 μm serta untuk bentuk partikel terlihat memiliki bentuk yang sama dengan sampel scrub yang bentuknya tidak beraturan. Serta dari karakteristik kimia didapatkan spektrum referensi infrared yang sama dengan senyawa organik dan memiliki gugus fungsi fenolik juga mengandung beberapa elemen kimia Magnesium, Aluminium dan Silikon yang biasa dipakai dan ditambahkan dalam kosmetik. Diharapkan ini akan membantu petani lebah propolis untuk mengatasi masalah mereka yaitu produk lumpur propolis kering yang belum tau penggunaanya dan bisa mengatasi permasalahan mikroplastik yang merusak ekosistem laut.

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ABSTRACTAt present, there are many scrub products that use microplastic as abrasive or abrasives used in cosmetic scrubs. After the use of this material, it will enter the environment, especially into the marine ecosystem. This microplastic will mix with plankton and sediment, causing marine organisms to swallow these particles accidentally. This is because the size is almost the same so that the organism cannot distinguish between the microplastic from the food. This problem will be increasingly dangerous if these small organisms are eaten by marine mammals, turtles, fish, birds and others that cause these particles to be along the food chain, reaching humans. Alternative materials for microplastic can be taken from biopolymers. One alternative ingredient that can be used is dry mud propolis. After harvesting the honeycomb, dry mud propolis can be extracted with ethanol extract from the honeycomb. From the results of the study, this product has physical and chemical characteristics that are in accordance with the standards of making scrubs. From the particle size that dry propolis sludge has a range of 138-491 μm and for the shape of the particle it appears to have the same shape with an irregularly shaped scrub sample. As well as from the chemical characteristics found the infrared reference spectrum that is the same as organic compounds and has a phenolic functional group also contains several chemical elements Magnesium, Aluminum and Silicon which are commonly used and added in cosmetics. It is hoped that this will help bee propolis farmers to overcome their problems, namely dry mud propolis products that do not yet know their use and can overcome microplastic problems that damage marine ecosystems."

"Latar belakang: Streptococcus sobrinus merupakan salah satu bakteri penyebab karies. Propolis dilaporkan memiliki efek dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri kariogenik.Tujuan: Menganalisis efek ekstrak propolis dan permen mengandung propolis terhadap pertumbuhan Streptococcus sobrinus.Metode: Streptococcus sobrinus dipaparkan terhadap ekstrak propolis dan permen dengan kandungan propolis. Kadar Hambat Minimum (KHM) dan Kadar Bunuh Minimum (KBM) ekstrak propolis diuji dengan metode spektrofotometrik serta koloni Streptococcus sobrinus dihitung dengan metode Standard Plate CountedHasil: nilai KHM ekstrak propolis adalah 5% dan nilai KBM adalah 10%. Jumlah koloni bakteri Streptococcus sobrinus berkurang setelah pemaparan ekstrak propolis dan permen propolis.Kesimpulan: Ekstrak propolis dan permen dengan kandungan propolis dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus sobrinus.

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Background: Streptococcus sobrinus is one of the etiologic agents of dental caries. Propolis has been reported to have an antibacterial activity against cariogenic bacteria.Objective: To analyze the effect of propolis extract and propolis candies to Streptococcus sobrinus growth.Methods: Streptococcus sobrinus were exposed to extract propolis and propolis candies. Minimim Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were determined with spectrofotometric analysis and the Streptococcus sobrinus colonies were counted with Standard Plate Counted method.Result: MIC was determined at 5% and the MBC at 10%. Streptococcus sobrinus colonies were decreased after exposed to propolis extract and propolis candies.Conclusion: Propolis extract and propolis candies could inhibit the growth of Streptococcus sobrinus."