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"Hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium yang cepat dan akurat sangat penting untuk pengarnbilan keputusan bagi dokter. Kesalahan hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium akan berdampak pada kesalahan dokter dalam mendiagnosis suatu penyakit serta penatalaksanaan pasien (pemantauan jalannya penyaldt dan evaluasi efektivitas pengobatan). Untuk itu upaya mencegah atau meminimalisasi faktor-faktor penyebab kesalahan analisis, harus dilkukan dengan kegiatan pengendalian mutu balk internal maupun eksternaI (uji profisiensi). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor dominan pada kinerja laboratorium klinik di Provinsi Jawa Barat yang berperan dalam penyimpangan hasil pemeriksaan melalui uji profiiensi. Desain penelitian adalah cross sectional dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Responden adalah petugas laboratorium klinik peserta uji profisiensi. Sampel penelitian berupa total populasi sebanyak 77 laboratorium. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan kuesioner dari melihat hasil evaluasi kegiatan pengendalian mutu eksternal laboratorium kesehatan provinsi Jawa Barat tahun 2007. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa faktor manusia, alat, lingkungan, dan sistem memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan kinerja laboratorium. Hasil analisa multivariat menunjukan bahwa faktor manusia raerupakan faktor dominan penyebab kesalahan analisis di laboratorium klinik. Studi ini menyarankan agar pimpinan laboratorium dan dinas kesehatan provinsi Jawa Barat lebih meningkatkan kualitas tenaga laboratoriuna dengan mengikutsertakan path program pendidikan berkelanjutan sesuai keahlian dan spesifikasi pekerjaannya.

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A quick and precise clinical laboratory examination result was very important for a physician in making medical decision. Any inaccuracies of laboratory results could affect the medical decision suggested by the physician and as well as for the effectiveness of patient treatment.There were some efforts proposed to minimize laboratory examination inaccuracy, i.e., internal quality control and external quality control, called as proficiency test.

The research objectives were to determine any factors which are involved in making of any inaccuracy in some clinical laboratories in West Java Province, using proficiency test. The research was designed as a quantitative approach of cross-sectional method. Respondents who involved in the research were laboratory technicians (called health analyst) taken from seventy-seven (77) clinical laboratories located around West Java Province. Data collecting were conducted using interviewing and questionnaires check-list, and also secondary data collecting from West Java Health Laboratory External Quality Control Program conducted in year 2007.

The results have been concluded that individual skills (human factor), laboratory equipments, job environments and laboratory management system show a significant correlation with the laboratory performance. Statistical multivariate analysis has determined that individual skill (human factors) was as dominant factor in making inaccuracy of laboratory examination result. Based of the conclusion and discussion, the research recommended that West Java Health Agency and related stakeholders could make some efforts in improvement of laboratory's individual quality which is can be realized with academic upgrading based on their specific jobs. "

"ABSTRAKMalaria merupakan penyakit yang ditularkan melalui vektor perantara yang berarti penyakit ini menyebar dengan membutuhkan vektor dalam kasus ini, nyamuk Anopheles betina . Pada penulisan skripsi ini, pendekatan model matematika digunakan untuk memahami penyebaran penyakit malaria. Intervensi pengobatan medis dan penggunaan penolak nyamuk termasuk dalam model untuk melihat bagaimana kedua intervensi tersebut dapat dianggap sebagai cara alternatif untuk mengendalikan penyebaran malaria. Model yang dibangun merupakan sistem persamaan diferensial tidak linier 7 dimensi. Analisis untuk model ini dibuat titik keseimbangan beserta kriteria kestabilan lokalnya, konstruksi Next Generation Matrix yang disertakan dengan analisis sensitivitas basic reproduction number. Basic reproduction number R0 sebagai indikator endemik model dengan nilai R0 1, dan R0=1 yang berarti secara berturut-turut penyakit akan menghilang, penyakit akan menyebar dan penyakit tidak menyebar namun tetap ada pada populasi. Dari analisis model pada skripsi ini diperoleh bahwa baik dari intervensi pengobatan medis maupun penggunaan penolak nyamuk berhasil mengurangi nilai basic reproduction number. Beberapa simulasi numerik juga diberikan untuk memberikan interpretasi hasil analisis yang lebih baik.

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ABSTRACTMalaria is a kind of a vector borne disease. That means this disease needs a vector in this case, the female Anopheles mosquito. Here in this thesis, a mathematical model approach will be used to understand the spread of malaria. The interventions of treatment for infected humans and use of repellent are included in the model to see how these interventions could be considered as the alternative a seven dimensional of a non linear ordinary differential equation. The analysis will be made of the equilibrium point along with its local stability criteria, construction of the next generation matrix which followed with the sensitivity analysis of basic reproduction number. Basic reproduction number as the endemic indicator of the model with R0 1, and R0 1 means that the disease will disappear, the disease will spread, and the disease does not spread but still remains in population, respectively. From the analysis of this model, we find that both medical treatment and repellent intervention succeeded in reducing the basic reproduction number. Finally, some numerical simulations are given to give a better interpretation of the analytical result."

"Pelaporan kegiatan pengadaan dan penyaluran obat dilaksanakan setiap 3 (tiga) bulan sekali melalui sistem e-Report, sedangkan pelaporan obat mengandung NPP dan OOT dilaksanakan setiap bulan melalui sistem e-Napza. Pelaporan ini dilakukan sebagai bukti pelaksanaan kegiatan yang menyediakan seluruh informasi terkait mutasi obat, sehingga memudahkan proses pengaturan dan pengendalian jika diperlukan. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah agar mampu memahami dan melaksanakan proses pelaporan obat melalui sistem e-Report dan obat mengandung NPP dan OOT melalui sistem e-Napza. Pelaporan obat menggunakan sistem e- Report dilakukan melalui web http://pbf.binfar.kemkes.go.id dengan mengisiformat template excel yang tersedia dalam web, lalu melakukan upload pelaporan. Jika terdapat data pelaporan yang ditolak, harus diperbaiki sesuai keterangan alasan penolakan laporan, lalu melakukan upload pelaporan kembali. Jika semua datasudah diterima, maka dapat melakukan pengiriman laporan. Pelaporan obat mengandung NPP dan OOT menggunakan sistem e-Napza melalui web http://enapza. pom.go.id dilakukan setiap bulan sebelum tanggal 10. Saat akan melakukan pelaporan, harus memilih nama obat yang akan dilaporkan, dan mengisi data sesuai format template CSV yang tersedia pada web, jika format sudah sesuai maka dapat melakukan pengiriman laporan.

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Reporting on medicine procurement and distribution activities is carried out

every 3 (three) months through e-Report system, while reporting of medicine containing NPP and OOT is carried out every month through the e-Napza system. This reporting is carried out as evidence of the activities implementation that provide all information related to medicine mutations, thereby facilitating the

process of regulating and controlling if necessary. The purpose of this paper is to

be able to understand and implement the medicine reporting process through the e- Report system and medicine containing NPP and OOT through the e-Napza system. Medicine reporting using the e-Report system is carried out via the web http://pbf.binfar.kemkes.go.id by filling in an excel template format available on the web, then uploading the report. If there is reporting data has been rejected, it must be corrected according to the explanation of the reasons for rejection of the report, then upload the report again. If all data has been received, then a report can be sent. Reporting of drugs containing NPP and OOT uses the e-Napza system via the web http://e-napza.pom.go.id conducted every month before the 10th. When reporting, you must choose the name of the drug to be reported, and fill in the data accordingly. CSV template format available on the web, if the format is appropriate, you can send reports."

"Recognized as the definitive reference in laboratory medicine since 1908, Henry's clinical diagnosis continues to offer state-of-the-art guidance on the scientific foundation and clinical application of today's complete range of laboratory tests. Employing a multidisciplinary approach, it presents the newest information available in the field, including new developments in technologies and the automation platforms on which measurements are performed. Provides guidance on error detection , correction, and prevention, as well as cost-effective test selection. Features a full-color layout , illustrations and visual aids , and an organization based on organ system."

"Laboratory Medicine is an essential text for medical students and residents studying clinical pathology, medical technology students, and for practitioners working in a clinical setting. By selecting the appropriate tests and interpreting the results correctly, physicians using this book should be able to optimize patient outcomes and reduce the cost of achieving a diagnosis.This full-color guide features an easy-to-follow, consistent presentation for each disease discussed. Chapters begin with a brief description of the disorder followed by a discussion that includes tables detailing the laboratory evaluation of specific disorders, and coverage of diagnosis, baseline tests to exclude diagnostic possibilities, and clinical indications thatwarrant further screening and special testing."