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"Introduction of new technologies and their applications to neuroblastoma diagnosis, treatment, and therapy assessment are explained. Role of molecular ghenetics in diagnosis and therapy for neuroblastoma patients is detailed. Molecular detection of minimal residual neuroblastoma is described. Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy are detailed for diagnosing this solid, extracranial cancer. Targets for therapeutic intervention in neuroblastoma are identified, including targeting multidrug resistance in this cancer. Ornithine decarboxylase and polyamines are novel targets for therapeutic intervention. The effectiveness of chemotherapy with oral irinotecan and temozolomide is explained. The role of transcription factors (GATA) in neuroblastoma pregression is also included."

"A general introduction to the principles of diagnosis and treatment of children with brain tumors is presented. Molecular characterization of solid tumors is also presented. Molecular pathways provide putative targets for new therapies. High resolution magic spinning NMR spectroscopy is explained, which is used to determine metabolic profiles for small pieces of intact tissue and whole cells in culture. The differences between adult and pediatric brain tumors are outlined. Various neuroradiological imaging modalities in children with leukemia are detailed. Also are detailed results of clinical trials in pediatric brain tumors, such as medulloblastoma, ependymoma, craniopharyngioma, low-grade glioma, high-grade glioma, brainstem glioma, and germ cell tumors, using radiotherapy. Considering the clinical importance of epilepsy in the primary brain tumors in children, its symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments (surgery and antiepileptic drugs) are discussed."

"The risk of cancer increases with age, and the number of older adults seeking treatment is increasing dramatically in line with the aging population. The care of older patients differs from that of younger adults because of differences in the biology of the tumor, age-related differences in host physiology, comorbidity burden and psychosocial issues, which might impact the efficacy and side effects of cancer therapy. Practical Geriatric Oncology is a comprehensive, evidence-based text that synthesizes the growing literature in this field and provides practical guidelines to the care of older adults with cancer. Coverage includes patient assessment, management of solid tumors and hematologic malignancies, the impact of age on the pharmacology of cancer therapy, surgical oncology and radiation oncology in the older adult, symptom management and supportive care. In addition to serving as core reading for oncologists and hematologists, the book will also be a useful work for other healthcare professionals who provide oncology care, including surgeons, radiation oncologists, palliative care doctors, primary care providers, geriatricians and nurses."

"Karsinoma Kolorektal (KKR) merupakan keganasan keempat terbanyak dan penyebab kematian ketiga di dunia. Gejala awal KKR yang tidak jelas mengakibatkan sebagian besar pasien datang dalam stadium lanjut. Kolonoskopi sebagai standar diagnostik bersifat invasif, mahal, membutuhkan banyak persiapan, dan tidak dimiliki oleh semua rumah sakit di Indonesia. Pemeriksaan CEA serum saat ini hanya digunakan untuk menilai prognosis. Pemeriksaan CEA feses memberikan harapan dalam deteksi KKR dan terdapat peningkatan sensitivitas dan spesifisitas apabila dikombinasikan dengan parameter lain. Sistem skoring Asia Pacific Colorectal Cancer Screening (APCS) berdasarkan data umur, jenis kelamin, riwayat keluarga menderita KKR dan riwayat merokok dapat meningkatkan efisiensi penapisan pasien KKR. Penelitian ini menganalisis kombinasi pemeriksaan CEA feses dan serum serta skor APCS dibandingkan dengan histopatologi sebagai baku emas. Desain penelitian potong lintang terhadap 60 pasien terduga KKR yang diperiksa CEA feses dan serum, dihitung skor APCS dan dilakukan biopsi kolonoskopi. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan perbedaan bermakna kadar CEA feses, CEA serum dan skor APCS pada kelompok KKR dan non-KKR. Median kadar CEA feses kelompok KKR dan non-KKR adalah 10726 ng/mL (32,9 – 30000 ng/mL) dan 3671,8 ng/mL (35,9 – 29454,8 ng/mL), median kadar CEA serum kelompok KKR dan non-KKR adalah 8,95 ng/mL (0,5 – 7757,9 ng/mL) dan 1,75 ng/mL (0,5 – 5,8 ng/mL), dan skor APCS kelompok KKR dan non-KKR adalah 3 dan 2. Berdasarkan hasil analisis multivariat variabel yang memiliki kemaknaan secara statistik dalam probabilitas terjadinya KKR adalah CEA feses dan CEA serum dengan rumus y = 1/ (1 + Exp (0,93 –1,56*CEA feses – 1,87*CEA serum)).

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Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common malignancy and third most deadly cancer in the world. The early nonspecific symptoms of CRC resulting most patients come in an advanced stage. Colonoscopy as a diagnostic standard is invasive, expensive, requires some preparation, and not available in all hospitals in Indonesia. Serum CEA is currently used only for prognostic purposes. Fecal CEA has advantage in detection of CRC and sensitivity and specificity increased as combined with the other parameters. The Asia Pacific Colorectal Cancer Screening (APCS) scoring system based on data of age, sex, family history of CRC and smoking history improve screening efficiency of CRC patients. This study analyzed combination of fecal and serum CEA, and APCS scores with histopathology as the gold standard. This is a cross sectional study in 60 suspected CRC who were examined for fecal and serum CEA, calculated APCS scores and performed colonoscopic biopsies. In this study, there were significant differences of fecal CEA, serum CEA and APCS scores in CRC and non-CRC groups. The median fecal CEA levels in CRC and non-CRC groups were 10726 ng/mL (32.9 – 30000 ng/mL) and 3671.8 ng/mL (35.9 – 29454.8 ng/mL), the median serum CEA levels in CRC and non-CRC groups were 8.95 ng/mL (0.5 – 7757.9 ng/mL) and 1.75 ng/mL (0.5 – 5.8 ng/mL), and APCS scores of CRC and non-CRC groups were 3 and 2. Based on the multivariate analysis, fecal and serum CEA were variables statistically significance in probability of CRC with formula y = 1/ (1 + Exp (0.93 – 1.56*fecal CEA – 1.87*serum CEA))."