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"Terrorism has long been a major shaping force in the world. However, the meanings of terrorism, as a word and as a set of actions, are intensely contested. This volume explores how literature has dealt with terrorism from the Renaissance to today, inviting the reader to make connections between older instances of terrorism and contemporary ones, and to see how the various literary treatments of terrorism draw on each other. The essays demonstrate that the debates around terrorism only give the fictive imagination more room, and that fiction has a great deal to offer in terms of both understanding terrorism and our responses to it. Written by historians and literary critics, the essays provide essential knowledge to understand terrorism in its full complexity. As befitting a global problem, this book brings together a truly international group of scholars, with representatives from America, Scotland, Canada, New Zealand, Italy, Israel, and other countries."

"Terrorism, Crime, and Public Policy describes the problem of terrorism; compares it to other forms of aggression, particularly crime and war; and discusses policy options for dealing with the terrorism. It focuses on the causes of terrorism with the aim of understanding its roots and providing insights toward policies that will serve to prevent it. The book serves as a single-source reference on terrorism and as a platform for more in-depth study, with a set of discussion questions at the end of each chapter. Individual chapters focus on the nature of terrorism, theories of aggression and terrorism, the history of terrorism, the role of religion, non-religious extremism and terrorism, the role of technology, terrorism throughout the modern world, responses to terrorism, fear of terrorism, short-term approaches and long-term strategies for preventing terrorism, balancing security and rights to liberty and privacy, and pathways to a safer and saner 21st century."

"Maritime Piracy has been a serious threat to the international community especially in the SoutheastAsia region. This threat has caused tremendous implications towards the world economy, environment,political stability of the nations involved because 45% of the shipping company passes through theSoutheast Asia. The worrying fact is that these attacks were committed by terrorists as well as traditionalmaritime pirates. This paper examines on the implications of maritime crime in Malaysia and discusseswhether the definition of piracy under the International Law could be applied to these attacks. Thispaper concludes that cooperation between the region’s states and the enhancement of a good securitysystem of one state are needed to combat maritime violence. Thus it is imperative that the internationallaw need to be changed in order to enhance the meaning of piracy and also to include sea terrorism"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mengkaji permasalahan yang ada terhadap penanggulangan terorisme, termasuk bagi TNI dengan Satuan Penanggulangan Teror dalam keterlibatannya menanggulangi terorisme. Selain itu juga mengkaji dan menganalisis dampak yang timbul dari berlarut-larutnya penanggulangan terorisme saat ini serta untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis peran efektif dari TNI dalam mendeteksi, menangkal, mencegah dan menindak terorisme tersebut.Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif yang menghasilkan data deskriptif mengenai masalah terorisme apa adanya, atau sesuai kenyataan di lapangan melalui sumber data dari informan atau nara sumber, perpustakaan maupun melalui arsip. Untuk mengumpulkan data digunakan teknik pengamatan partisipatif terhadap obyek penelitian, teknik wawancara terhadap informan sebagai nara sumber yang terkait langsung atau tidak langung dengan aksi terorisme yang terjadi dan berlarut-larut di Indonesia. Juga menggunakan teknik dokumentasi dengan mengadakan penelusuran data yang sifatnya data sekunder.Temuan yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini yaitu : Pertama, Terdapat permasalahan dalam penanggulangan terorisme saat ini, baik dari aspek perundang - undangan sebagai payung hukum, aspek kelembagaan yang menangani dan aspek kekuatan dan kemampuan instrumen yang menanggulangi terorisme. Kedua, TNI dalam menanggulangi terorisme mengambil peran efektif sebagai alat negara di bidang Pertahanan Negara, yang dilakukan berdasarkan kebijakan dan keputusan politik negara sesuai tugas pokoknya melaksanakan Operasi Militer Perang dan Operasi Militer selain perang maupun sesuai fungsinya untuk menangkal, menindak setiap ancaman yang timbul memulihkan keadaan akibat kekacauan keamanan. Ketiga, Upaya TNI dalam menanggulangi terorisme dilakukan melalui Operasi Militer Selain Perang (OMSP), dengan tahapan Operasi Pencegahan, Operasi Penindakan dan Operasi Pemulihan Keamanan. Keempat, Kontribusi TNI dengan Satuan Penanggulangan Teror TNI (Sat - 81 1 Guitar, Denjaka, Denbravo) terhadap Ketahanan Nasional terlihat dari beberapa penugasan yang dilaksanakan sebagai pengabdiannya terhadap bangsa dan negara sejak kelahirannya sampai sekarang.Hasil penelitian ini diharapkaii dapat bermanfaat sebagai pedoman maupun sebagai bahan masukan, khususnya dalam pengambilan kebijakan tentang peran TNI dengan Satuan Penanggulangan Teror TNI dalam menanggulangi terorisme dan kajian stratejik lebih lanjut terhadap Ketahanan Nasional.

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This research is designed to know and to study the existing problem of terrorism dealing, including for TNI with Terror Dealing Unit in his arrangement to deal with terrorism. Beside that, it also study and to analyze effective role of TNI in detecting, preventing, and suppressing given terrorism.

Research method used is qualitative method result in descriptive data on terrorism issue what it was, or pursuant to reality in the field through data source from informant, library and file. To collect data, it is used participative observation source directly or indirectly related to terrorism action occurred in Indonesia. it also used documentation technique by holding data finding which secondary data in nature.

The finding obtained in this research namely: First, there is a problem in terrorism dealing now, regulation aspect as law umbrella, institution aspect dealing with and power aspect and instrument capability dealing with terrorism. Second, TNI in dealing with terrorism take effective role as a tool of state in State Defense field, done on the basis of the State policy and political decision pursuant to his main task conducting non war Military Operation and pursuant to his function to prevent every threat arose from and to restore the situation resulted from security unrest. Third, TNI effort in dealing with terrorism is done through non Military Operation (OMSF), with the phases as follow: Preventing Operation, Suppressing Operation and Security Restore Operation. Fourth, TNI contribution with TNI Terror Dealing Unit (Sat-811Gultor, Denjaka, Denbravo) over National Defense, is seen from various assignment done as his service to nation and state since his birth until now.

The research result is expected may be useful as guidance and as input, particularly in policy making on TNI role with TNI Terror Dealing Unit in dealing with terrorism and further strategic study on National Resilience."

"The present study set out from the condition that Indonesia has many counter-terror units each of which executes order from different institutions. Therefore, there are many questions about effectiveness and efficiency of the current counter terrorism management system. In the operational level, it creates some problems on response, and also problem on ruling, preventing, and problem on policy coordination.In terms of research methodology, the present study is planned to pattern the case-study research strategy and collects data from interview, observation, and document searching. On the other hand, research is conducted in three stages: planning, actuating, and reporting.Using modeling approach, the present study analyzes current Indonesian Counter-Terrorism System whether it uses convergence and divergence approach in order to improve counter-terror system in Indonesia. Convergence approach consists of clustering model and integration model. Meanwhile divergence approach consists of coordination model and networking model.The organizational structure of counter-terror system, which is formed pooled interdependence model. is marked by internal dynamics which, among others, are reflected both in fractionalization and disappointed expectations and which manifest themselves in differences of the traditional war /whims as well as differences of perception and evaluation among military leadership. This present study proposes alternative by using Convergence Model in the organizational structure of Counter-Terror Management System. Building preventive culture is also recommended."

"Ada banyak jenis badan intelijen di Indonesia yang mempunyai tujuan utama untuk mencegah negara dari berbagai ancarnan yang dapat mernbahayakan negara dan bangsa. Mereka hares menyelidiki fenomena ancaman sebelum ancaman tersebut mengancam keamanan nasional. Badan-badan intelijen tersebut adalah Badan Intelijen Negara (BIN), Badan Intelijen Strategis TNI (BATS), Badan Intelijen Kepolisian (BIK), Badan Intelijen Imigrasi (BIM1), Badan intelijen Bea Cukai (BIBC), dan Badan Intelijen Kejaksaan Agung (BIKA). Masing-masing badan intelijen tersebut hams melakukan tugas untuk menjaga keamanan nasional dari berbagai ancaman sesuai dengan fungsinya. Di antara badan-badan intelijen ini, BIN merupakan koordinator bagi semua badan intelijen di Indonesia. Akan tetapi, aktifitas mereka tidak dapat dilaksanakan sebagaimana mestinya. Hal ini disebabkan tidak adanya peraturan yang mengatur kewenangan mereka untuk menyelidiki suatu kasus, khususnya orang yang menjadi saksi.Di satu pihak, badan-badan intelijen tersebut tidak dapat menyelidiki fenomena dari orang yang dituduh sebagai penjahat Dalam melaksanakan penyelidikan, badan-badan tersebut perlu menahan orang tersebut yang dalam hal itu bertentangan dengan hak asasi manusia. Sementara penahanan yang dilakukan oleh badan-badan intelijen sangat berbeda dengan kewenangan untuk menahan yang dilakukan oleh polisi. Badan-badan intelijen tersebut perlu menahan seseorang untuk menyelidiki sejauh mans orang tersebut mempunyai hubungan dengan organisasi terorisme. Hal ini berarti bahwa badan-badan intelijen tersebut mencoba untuk menganalisis bahwa orang tersebut mempunyai jaringan komunikasi dengan anggotaangotanya di organisasi terorisme dalarn usaha mencegah orang tersebut dekat dengan jaringan mereka dan menyusun aktifitas teror. Sementara, polisi menahan orang untuk menyelidiki apakan orang tersebut bersalah dan rnengirinmya ke penjara.Di pihak lain, aktifitas organisasi terorisme terlalu samar karena mereka mempunyai jaringan maya bahwa mereka dapat menyusun setiap ak-tifitasnya secara online. Karena terorisme terrnasuk dalarn kejahatan non-tradisional, adalah sukar untuk mengenaii aktifitas mereka tanpa ada penyelidikan yang teliti. Akan tetapi, penyelidikan yang dibuat oleh Badanbadan Intelijen cenderung dituduh melanggar hak asasi manusia, seperti penahanan, memaksa orang untuk mengaku, mengancam, dan lain-lain upaya untuk mengumpulkan inforrnasi keberadaan organisasi mereka.Temuan dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peraturan yang menjadi dasar dari aktifitas Badan Intelijen tersebut diperlukan. Selain itu, perlu untuk memperbaiki semua struktur badan intelijen yang kini ada Selama ini, snaktur badan intelijen cenderung menunjukkan kewenangan mereka sendiri. Contoh, Badan Intelijen Kepolisian dan Badan Intelijen Stratejik TNT. Struktur ideal hams tidak berfokus pada sektor yang khusus tetapi harus mencakup seluruh sektor. Lebih lanjut, struktur tersebut harus menunjukkan kewenangan tertinggi dan aktifitas intelijen untuk mengawasi tiap-tiap aktifitas dari semua aktifitas intelijen. Struktur ini harus ada dalam peraturan yang akan dibuat. Di masa mendatang, peraturan ini dapat menjadi perlindungan yuridis untuk aktifitas badan-badan intelijen di Indonesia dalam usaha pemberantasan kejahatan terorisme.

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Many kind of intelligent agencies in Indonesia have main goal in prevent state from many kind of threats which can endanger the state and the nations. They should investigate phenomena of threats before it become threats for national safely. The agencies are Badan Intelijen Negara (BIN, State Intelligent Agency), Badan Intelijen Strategis TNT (BALS, Strategic Intelligent Agency Indonesian Armed Forces), Badan Intelijen Kepolisian (BIK, Police Intelligent Agency), Badan Intelijen Irnigrasi (BIMI, Immigration Intelligent Agency), Badan Intelijen Bea Cukai (BIBC, Custom Intelligent Agency), and Badan Intelijen Kejaksaan Agung (BIKA, Supreme Persecutory Intelligent Agency), Each agency should do the task to maintain national safety from many kind of threats according to their functions. Among these agencies, BIN is a coordinator for all intelligent agencies in Indonesia However, their activity could not be accomplished as it should. It is because there is no regulation to manage their authority to investigate the case, especially person who become witness.

In one hand, the agencies could not investigate the phenomena from person who have been alleged a criminal. In doing investigation, the agencies need to arrest those person and it against the human right, of course_ Actually, arresting which done by the intelligent agencies is quite different to arrest done by the police. The agencies need to arrest person to investigate that how far this person has relations to the terrorism organization. It means that the agencies try to analysis that the person has network to communicate to their members in terrorism organization in order to prevent the person close to their network and arrange the activity of terror. Meanwhile, the police arrest person to investigate whether this person is guilty and put them into detention.

On the other hand, the activity of terrorism organization is too vague because they have a virtual network that they can arrange every single activity by online. As terrorism is included in non-traditional crime, it is difficult to identify their activity without any precise investigation. However, the investigation which is made by the Intelligent Agencies tend to be alleged against human rights, such as arresting, pushing someone to confess, threatening, and so on in order to gather information of their existence. There are no regulation for the Intelligent Agencies to develop their authority for gathering information. They need regulation which can give them authority to do what they need to do.

The finding of the observation show that the regulation which become based of the activity of the Intelligent Agencies is needed. Besides that, it is needed to be fix all the structures of the Intelligent Agencies which now available. For long time, the structures of the Intelligent Agencies tended to show their own authority. For example, Police Intelligent Agency and Strategic Intelligent Agency of Indonesian Armed Forces. The ideal structures should be no to focus on specific sector but should cover all sector. Furthermore, the structures should show the highest authority of intelligent activity to control each activity from all the intelligent activity. This structure should be in the regulation that will be made. In the future, this regulation can be a legal protection for the activity of the intelligent agency in Indonesia in order to war against terrorism."