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"Summary:Focuses on the fundamental concepts of molecular biology emphasizing experimentation. This title also focuses on the study of genes and their activities at the molecular level."

"This book highlights the latest breakthrough developments in bioinformatics. It presents a series of timely, in-depth reviews, drug clinical trial studies, biodiversity informatics and thematic issues. In addition, it includes insightful reviews on advances in computational molecular/​structural biology, which address areas such as computing in biomedicine and genomics, computational proteomics and systems biology, and metabolic pathway engineering. Innovations in these fields have direct impacts on key issues related to healthcare, medicine, genetic disorders, the development of agricultural products, renewable energy, and environmental protection. Written by respected leaders in the field and covering a wide range of topics involving the integration of biology with computer and information science, the book offers an ideal basis for teaching at the undergraduate and graduate levels. It can also be used for self-instruction by research investigators interested in applying bioinformatics-based analytical methods and information technologists working with academic and industrial laboratories."

"ABSTRAKDNA adalah materi genetik yang unik terhadap satu individu, jika individu tersebut tidak memiliki saudara kembar identik. Oleh karena itu, DNA dapat digunakan untuk identifikasi individu. Ketika identifikasi perlu untuk dilakukan, sering terjadi kasus dimana individu yang akan diidentifikasi sulit dikenali misalnya karena korban dimutilasi atau terjadi bencana alam yang membuat korban bencana menjadi rusak berat. Untuk mengenali sampel biologis yang rusak tersebut perlu dilakukan tes DNA (DNA Profiling). Kadang walaupun dapat dilakukan tes DNA, akan tetapi profil DNA yang didapat sudah terdegradasi, karena sampel rusak atau DNA sudah terkontaminasi sel mikro. Untuk kasus seperti itu, selain diperlukan perbaikan di laboratorium juga diperlukan penghitungan nilai kemiripan DNA antarprofil yang lebih baik, sehingga informasi yang mengandung nilai kemiripan tidak hilang. Inilah ide awal mengapa dilakukan penghitungan kemiripan DNA menggunakan logika fuzzy. Di sisi lain, jika terdapat banyak individu yang akan diidentifikasi maka laboran akan kesulitan mengidentifikasi dengan cepat, maka diperlukan suatu sistem yang dapat menghitung nilai kemiripan dengan otomatis. Pada penelitian ini, Penulis melakukan perbandingan dimana teknik defuzzifikasi dan metode inferensi yang digunakan berbeda, sehingga dapat dibangun sistem fuzzy yang lebih baik daripada yang sudah ada sebelumnya.ABSTRACT

DNA is genetic material which is unique for each individual, except for identical twins. So that, DNA could be a basis for human identification. When identification process is needed, there are cases that the victim is hard to be identified, for example mutilated victims or disaster victims that get heavy body decay. To identify it, we need to do DNA profiling. Even DNA profiling can be done, sometimes DNA profiling has been degraded because of disrepair sample that has been contaminated by micro cell. For this case, DNA needs to be repaired in Laboratory and then do the computation for the similarity value of each DNA profiling, so the similarity information in DNA is not lost. This is the reason why we need to do DNA Profiling using Fuzzy Logic. In the other hand, if there are many individuals that will be identified, it is needed to develop a system that can count the DNA similarity value automatically. On this research, writer is compare between Defuzzification technique and Interference method, so we can build fuzzy system that can show better performance than before."

"Perkembangan teknologi jaringan selular broadband saat ini diiringi oleh pertumbuhan berbagai aplikasi mobile yang berjalan di atas jaringan tersebut. Berbagai aplikasi tersebut membutuhkan sistem keamanan yang sangat handal seperti m-bankinng dan m-commerce. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) diyakini sebagai karakter biometric yang memiliki kemungkinan duplikasi nol (0), sehingga tingkat keunikannya benar-benar terjaga. Dengan demikian penggunaan DNA pada sistem keamanan dapat diandalkan. Guna mempersingkat proses verifikasi data diperkenalkan sistem CODIS 13 (Combined DNA Index System 13) yang dikembangkan FBI. Dengan CODIS 13, data DNA yang diverifikasi cukup dengan 13 bagian dari DNA yang merepresentasikan keunikan untuk setiap DNA. Pada skripsi ini, dibangun sistem aplikasi keamanan berbasis DNA yang diterapkan pada jaringan GPRS dan 3G yang sudah ada saat ini. Piranti lunak dibangun dengan J2ME platform yang melakukan proses digitalisasi data DNA-CODIS 13 pada mobile terminal (handset). Data DNA-CODIS 13 dipaketisasi berformat byte-byte untuk ditransmisikan pada jaringan GPRS dan 3G. Proses pengumpulan database DNACODIS 13 serta verifikasi dilakukan di terminal server. Dengan metode ini, memungkinkan aplikasi piranti lunak yang dibangun untuk diterapkan pada berbagai jenis mobile terminal yang telah mendukung jaringan GPRS dan 3G, tanpa perlu penambahan perangkat keras tambahan. Unjuk kerja aplikasi dianalisis dengan melakukan pengamatan terhadap besar kesalahan perbedaan data yang dikirim dengan data yang terkirim, serta delay waktu transmisi yang dibutuhkan dalam setiap pengiriman paket data. Skripsi ini menghasilkan sebuah aplikasi (software) sistem keamanan berbasis DNA yang berfungsi sebagai mediator antara handset dengan database server yang dapat diinstalasi di handset. Pembangunan server host sebagai database server juga dilakukan guna mendapatkan pengujian yang maksimal. Hasil yang didapat dalam proses registrasi maupun verifikasi data DNA menunjukkan tingkat true positive sebesar 100%. Dengan delay rata-rata untuk jaringan GPRS sebesar 5.0618 detik, sedangkan untuk jaringan 3G sebesar 37.848 detik.

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Nowadays, the development of broadband cellular network technology has been followed by the growth of several mobile applications on the network technology mentioned. Several applications (e.g. mobile-banking, mobile-commerce) need any reliable security system running on them. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) has been ensured as biometric character that has a zero duplication probability. Therefore, the level of uniqueness on DNA can be truly kept. Furthermore, the usage of DNA on security system can be surely trusted and relied. In order to speed up the data verification process, has been recognized CODIS 13(Combined DNA Index System 13) developed by FBI. With CODIS 13, the data of DNA verified is only with 13 parts of DNA representating the uniqueness for each DNA.

In this development research, A security application system based on DNA has been built successfully running on the existing GPRS and 3G network. The software has been built based on J2ME platform processing DNA digitalization on mobile terminal (handset). The data of DNA has been packed and formatted as several bytes to be transmitted on GPRS and 3G network. The collection process of the DNA database has been actualized in server terminal. With these methods, enabling the secure software application built to be actualized on several kind of mobile terminals supporting GPRS and 3G network, without need to add any additional hardware.

The performance of secure application has been analyzed with obtaining toward any error probability of difference between data transmitted in the mobile terminal and data received in the server terminal, as well as delay of transmittal time needed in each of the data package sending. This research has made a based DNA secure application functioning as mediator between mobile terminal and database server (server terminal) that can be installed in the mobile handset. The construction of server host as database server has been also done in order to get a maximal testing.

The results achieved in DNA process of both registration and verification have showed that the level of true positive equals 100%. With the average delay for GPRS network equals 5.0618 seconds, whereas the average delay for 3G network equals 37.848 seconds."

"The present book gives an update of the “world of naked gene vaccines”, namely DNA and RNA vaccines. Its content ranges from general mechanisms, inherent immunostimulatory properties and the vast potential to modulate immune responses, to recent successful clinical studies and approved veterinary gene vaccines. Beyond the state-of-the-art of genetic immunization, the reader will be stimulated with a chapter addressing “burning questions”."

"DNA topoisomerases represent an essential family of DNA processing enzymes and a large number of topoisomerase inhibitors are used clinically for the treatment of various human cancers. Novels drugs are in clinical development both against type I and type II topoisomerases. The book will include basic biochemical and structural reviews for the cancer-relevant topoisomerases. It will describe how topoisomerase dysfunctions can damage the genome and increase the risk of cancers, and the involvement of topoisomerases in programmed cell death. The book will also present the various topoisomerase inhibitors in clinical use and development and their molecular and cellular mechanisms of action."