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"Tesis ini dilatarbelakangi dengan diterapkannya persetujuan kemitraan ekonomi Serta penurunan tarif bea masuk antara Indonesia dan Jepang (IJEPA). Permasalahan yang diangkat dalam Tesis ini adalah akan dilihat sejauh mana pengaruh penerapan IJEPA tersebut terhadap nilai perdagangan antara Indonesia dengan Jepang. Tesis ini merupakan analisis ekspor impor Indonesia - Jepang dalam rangka liberalisasi perdagangan Indonesia - Jepang (HEPA) dengan menggunakan pendekatan model persamaan regresi untuk melihat hubungan antara ekspor dan impor (sebagai variable dependent) dengan GDP Indonesia dan Jepang, nilai tukar JPY terhadap Rupiah, dan pemberlakuan IJEPA (sebagai variable variable independent) dan berasal dari pengumpulan data kuantitatif sekunder. Studi ini membahas faktor-faktor yang terkait dengan nilai ekspor Indonesia ke Jepang dan nilai impor Indonesia dari Jepang. Faktor-faktor yang dilibatkan dalam rnembahas persamaan ekspor Indonesia ke Jepang adalah : GDP Jepang (JPY), GDP Indonesia (Rp), nilai ekspor (USD), Real Exchange Rate Jepang (JPY/Rp), Tarif BM Jepang (%) tahun 2005 - 2009 dan pemberlakuan IIEPA. Sementara faktor-faktor yang dilibatkan dalam membahas persamaan impor Indonesia dari Jepang adalah GDP Jepang (JPY), GDP Indonesia (Rp), nilai impor (USD), Real Exchange Rate Jepang (JPY/Rp), Tarif BM Indonesia (%) tahun 2005 - 2009 dan pemberlakuan IJEPA. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa secara keseluruhan peluang ekspor Indonesia ke Jepang sangat tergantung pada pola perdagangan Indonesia dan Jepang. Di pasar negara ini, produk Indonesia hams bersaing dengan produk negara-negara lain. Untuk itu agar nilai ekspor Indonesia ke Jepang dapat semakin meningkat, diperlukan upaya pemeriniah Untuk torus meningkatkan kerjasama perdagangan dengan Jepang, salah satu diantaranya dengan memanfaatkan kesepakatan IIEPA, Sementara dengan semakin meningkatnya GDP Indonesia serta ditunjang pula oleh adanya kesepakatan IJEPA, akan meningkatkan nilai impor dari Indonesia ke Jepang.

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This thesis is backdropped by the application of economic partnership as well as decreased rate tariff between Indonesia and Japan (IJEPA). The issue being discussed in this Thesis is to consider how far the effect of that IJEPA application to the trade value between Indonesia and Japan.

This thesis is indonesia - Japan export import analysis in the framework of Indonesia - Japan ireetrade (IJEPA) using regression equation model approach in order to consider the relation between export and import (as dependent variable) and GDP of Indonesia and Japan, exchange rate of JPY to Rupiah, and the application of IJEPA (as independent variable) with the source from secondary quantitavie data collection.

This study discusses the factors related to Indonesian export value to Japan and Indonesian import value from Japan. The factors involved in discussing Indonesian export equation to Japan are Japan GDP (JPY), Indonesian GDP (Rp), export value (USD), Japan Real Exchange Rate (JPY/Rp), Japan Tariff Rate (%) in 2005 - 2009 and the application of IJEPA. As for the factors involved in discussing Indonesian import equation from Japan are Japan GDP (JPY), Indonesian GDP (Rp), import value (USD), Japan Real Exchange Rate (JPY/RP), Indonesian Tariff Rate (%) in 2005 - 2009 and application of HEPA.

The results of analysis show that as a whole the export opportunity of Indonesia to Japan depends on Indonesian - Japan trade pattern. In the market this country has Indonesian products must be competitive with the products nom other countries. For that reason, in order for Indonesian export value to Japan may increase, it takes the government efforts in continuously improving its trade cooperation with Japan, one of IJEPA agreement. Meanwhile, the increasing increase of Indonesian GDP and also supported by the existence of IJEPA, they will improve the import value from Indonesia to Japan."

"Pengelolaan modal kerja berkaitan langsung dengan kegiatan operasional perusahaan untuk memproduksi barang. Untuk dapat mengelola modal kerjanya dengan baik, perusahaan harus mengetahui faktor apa saja yang dapat mempengaruhi modal kerja. Dalam penelitian ini, beberapa faktor yang ingin dilihat pengaruhnya terhadap pengelolaan modal kerja adalah ukuran perusahaan, leverage, pertumbuhan perusahaan, cash flow, profitabilitas, capital expenditure, dan GDP. Sedangkan pengelolaan modal kerja dicerminkan dengan cash conversion cycle. Dengan mengambil sampel pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2010 ? 2014, ditemukan adanya pengaruh yang signifikan dari ukuran perusahaan, pertumbuhan perusahaan, cash flow, profitabilitas, dan GDP. Sementara untuk leverage dan capital expenditure tidak ditemukan adanya pengaruh yang signifikan.

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Working capital management is directly related to the operations activity of the company to produce goods. To be able to properly manage its working capital, the company must determine what factors that can affect working capital. In this study, there are several factors that used to see whether it affects working capital management or not, such as firm size, leverage, firm growth, cash flow, profitability, capital expenditure, and GDP. Meanwhile, working capital management is reflected by the cash conversion cycle. By taking samples at manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2010 - 2014, found a significant effect of firm size, firm growth, cash flow, profitability, and GDP. As for leverage and capital expenditure did not reveal any significant effect.

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"[ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji pengaruh variabel CAR, NPFN, ROE,NOM, QR, GWM dan kondisi makroekonomi dalam membedakan danmemprediksi probabilitas kinerja relatif baik bank berdasarkan kelompok sekawandan tanpa kelompok sekawan. Bank syariah yang menjadi sampel penelitian adalahBank Umum Syariah dengan periode penelitian 2005 triwulan 4 sampai dengan2011 Triwulan 3.Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi panel logit dengan modelrandom effect. Variabel terikat dalam penelitin ini merupakan data biner 1 (kinerjarelatif baik bank) dan 0 untuk (kinerja relatif kurang baik bank). Pendefinisian suatuobservasi memiliki kinerja relatif “baik” dan kinerja relatif “kurang baik” dilakukandengan cara memperingkat masing-masing rasio dari 15 rasio keuangan yangdipublikasikan pada laporan keuangan triwulan berdasarkan Surat Edaran BankIndonesia No 7/56/DBPS 2005. Jika suatu observasi memperoleh jumlah hasilpredikat kinerja “relatif baik” berada pada range 1/3 tertinggi, maka hasil akhir yangdiperoleh suatu observasi adalah 1 (relatif baik), selainnya 0 (relatif kurang baik).Hasil temuan menunjukkan bahwa pada analisis panel logit dengan kelompoksekawan, berdasarkan hasil estimasi variabel-variabel yang signifikan untukmembedakan dan memprediksi kinerja realatif bank adalah CAR, ROE dan GWMdengan arah hubungan yang positif, NPFN dengan arah hubungan yang negatif.Sementara variabel QR, Inflasi dan pertumbuhan PDB tidak signifikan dalammembedakan dan memprediksi kinerja relatif suatu bank. Pada analisis tanpakelompok sekawan, variabel yang negatif signifikan adalah NPFN, sementara ROEdan QR signifikan dengan arah hubungan yang positif membedakan danmemprediksi dan kinerja relatif suatu bank.Namun demikian, penelitian ini hanya terbatas dengan jumlah sampel 11Bank Umum Syariah dan periode pengamatan yang pendek secara kwartalan.Untuk penelitian selanjutnya disarankan agar menambah jumlah sampel dan rasiorasiokeuangan lainnya untuk mengetahui variabel-variabel yang dapatmembedakan dan memprediksi kinerja relatif suatu bank.

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ABSTRACTThe study was conducted to examine the effect of variable CAR, NPFN,ROE, NOM, QR, GWM and macroeconomic conditions to distinguish and predictthe probability of the good relative performance of the Bank based on Peer Groupanalysis and without Peer Group Analysis. Sharia banks which became a sampleresearch are The Commercial Syariah Bank’s with time period 2005 Quarter 4th to2011 Quarter 3rd .The analysis technique used is logit panel random effect model. DependentVariable in this study is binary data 1 (good relative performance bank) and 0 for(less performance of bank). Defining an observation which has a good relativeperformance and the relative less performance by ranking each ratio of 15 financialratios which published quarterly financial report was based on Bank of IndonesiaAnnouncement Letter No. 7/56/DBPS 2005. If the observation which was obtainedthe sum of good relative performance is on the range of 1/3 the highest, the finalresult of the observation is 1 (relatively good), other is 0 (less performance).The findings result that the logit panel analysis with Peer Group, based onresult significantly variables to distinguish and predict the relatif performance ofthe Bank is CAR, ROE and GWM, with positively direction. NPFN by negativedirection of relation. QR, inflation and GDP growth does not significantlydifferentiate and predict the relative performance of the banks. In analysis withoutPeer Group Analysis, the significant variable is NPFN, meanwhile ROE and QRare significant by positive relation so those variables able to distinguish and predictrelative performance of bankHowever, the study was limited only with total 11 Sharia Banks and the shortperiod of observation which was quarterly. For further research, it is suggested thatresearchers increase the sample amount and other financial ratios to determinevariables to be able to distinguish and predict the relative performance of a bank., The study was conducted to examine the effect of variable CAR, NPFN,ROE, NOM, QR, GWM and macroeconomic conditions to distinguish and predictthe probability of the good relative performance of the Bank based on Peer Groupanalysis and without Peer Group Analysis. Sharia banks which became a sampleresearch are The Commercial Syariah Bank’s with time period 2005 Quarter 4th to2011 Quarter 3rd .The analysis technique used is logit panel random effect model. DependentVariable in this study is binary data 1 (good relative performance bank) and 0 for(less performance of bank). Defining an observation which has a good relativeperformance and the relative less performance by ranking each ratio of 15 financialratios which published quarterly financial report was based on Bank of IndonesiaAnnouncement Letter No. 7/56/DBPS 2005. If the observation which was obtainedthe sum of good relative performance is on the range of 1/3 the highest, the finalresult of the observation is 1 (relatively good), other is 0 (less performance).The findings result that the logit panel analysis with Peer Group, based onresult significantly variables to distinguish and predict the relatif performance ofthe Bank is CAR, ROE and GWM, with positively direction. NPFN by negativedirection of relation. QR, inflation and GDP growth does not significantlydifferentiate and predict the relative performance of the banks. In analysis withoutPeer Group Analysis, the significant variable is NPFN, meanwhile ROE and QRare significant by positive relation so those variables able to distinguish and predictrelative performance of bankHowever, the study was limited only with total 11 Sharia Banks and the shortperiod of observation which was quarterly. For further research, it is suggested thatresearchers increase the sample amount and other financial ratios to determinevariables to be able to distinguish and predict the relative performance of a bank.]"

"The economic growth of the country is inseparable from the development of its financial sector. Therefore, this research attempted to prove the existence of causality between financial sector and economic growth in Indonesia using data between Q1 of 1996 to Q4 of 2006. The variables used as proxy for financial sector are monetization, private credit, total deposits, stock market capitalism, and stock market value traded?while the real GDP is used as a proxy for economic growth. This research aims to determine which variable is the most dominant influence in the shock given in causality result.This research methodology used Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) and Granger causality. VECM is used to find out the dominant variable that gave shock, while Granger causality is used to detect the causality between variables. Granger causality test shows the existence of one way causality between real GDP and private credit, total deposit, and stock market value traded. These causalities come from three sources. First, from real GDP to private credit; second, from real GDP to stock market value traded; and the last, from total deposit to real GDP. Meanwhile, VECM test shows the result that the economic growth can be a boosting factor for Indonesian financial sector growth. Moreover, the dominant variable in creating shock on economic growth is stock market value traded.The Granger causality estimation shows that there are one-way causalities between real GDP and private credit, total deposit, and stock market value traded."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak asimetris perubahan harga minyak terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi dan inflasi di Indonesia dengan menggunakan model vector autoregression VAR dalam periode dari tahun 1990 kuartal I sampai dengan tahun 2016 kuartal IV. Hasil penelitian menunujukkan bahwa pengaruh perubahan harga minyak terhadap produk domestik bruto PDB adalah asimetris, yaitu penurunan harga minyak secara signifikan menurunkan PDB, sedangkan kenaikan harga minyak tidak secara signifikan mempengaruhi PDB. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa PDB Indonesia lebih sensitif terhadap penurunan harga minyak dibandingkan dengan kenaikan harga minyak. Oleh karena itu, upaya untuk menurunkan ketergantungan terhadap minyak dibutuhkan oleh Indonesia, khususnya penurunan kontribusi minyak sebagai sumber pendapatan negara dan sebagai sumber energi, dengan meningkatkan penggunaan energi terbarukan. Sementara itu, perubahan harga minyak, baik penurunan maupun kenaikan harga minyak, tidak mempengaruhi inflasi secara signifikan. Tidak terdapatnya pengaruh perubahan harga minyak terhadap inflasi adalah disebabkan oleh adanya penerapan kebijakan subsidi bahan bakar minyak di Indonesia.

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ABSTRACTThis paper analyzes the asymmetric impact of oil price changes on the economic growth of and inflation in Indonesia by using the vector autoregression VAR model for the period from 1990Q1 to 2016Q4. The results show that the impact of oil price changes on the gross domestic product GDP is asymmetric, as a drop in oil prices decreases the GDP, whereas an increase in oil prices does not significantly affect GDP. This suggests that Indonesia rsquo s GDP is more vulnerable to the downward changes in oil prices than upward changes. It is important for Indonesia to reduce its dependency on oil, particularly as its major source of revenue, and also consider utilizing more sources of renewable energy. At the same time, the effects of both the positive and negative changes in oil prices are found to be not statistically significant to inflation. The lack of impact of oil price changes on inflation can be explained by the implementation of the fuel price subsidy in Indonesia."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini membahas dampak volatilitas makroekonomi terhadap alokasi kredit bank. Kami berpendapat bahwa volatilitas makroekonmi akan membuat manajer bank bersikap lebih konservatif dalam menerbitkan kredit baru. Sebaliknya, ketika volatilitas makroekonomi rendah, manajer bank akan memiliki keleluasaan untuk meminjamkan kredit lebih banyak. Penelitian ini menggunakan data panel dengan sampel 10 bank umum di Indonesia dengan menggunakan model Baum dalam mengukur pengaruh volatilitas makroekonomi terhadap alokasi kredit bank. Penelitian ini menggunakan volatilitas dari inflasi, pertumbuhan GDP (gross domestic product) dan depresiasi nilai tukar sebagai variabel independen. Penelitian ini menggunakan uji regresi GMM (Generalized method of moment) untuk meneliti hubungan antara variabel dependen dan independen. Kami memberikan dukungan untuk hipotesis kami dengan menunjukkan adanya hubungan negatif yang kuat antara volatilitas inflasi dan volatilitas pertumbuhan GDP dengan rasio kredit terhadap total aset lancar. Sedangkan untuk volatilitas depresiasi nilai tukar tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap penyaluran kredit.

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ABSTRACTThis study discusses the impact of macroeconomic volatility on allocation of bank loans. We argue that macroeconomic volatility will make bank managers more conservative in issuing new credits. Conversely, when macroeconomic volatility is low, bank managers will have more flexibility to lend more credits. This study uses panel data with sample of 10 commercial banks in Indonesia by using Baum model in measuring the effect of macroeconomic volatility on bank credit allocation. This study uses the volatility of inflation, GDP growth (gross domestic product) and exchange rate depreciation as an independent variable. This research uses regression test of GMM (Generalized method of moment) to examine the relationship between dependent and independent variable. We provide support for our hypothesis by showing a strong negative relationship between inflation volatility and the volatility of GDP growth with the ratio of credits to total current assets. As for exchange rate depreciation volatility does not have a significant effect on lending."

"Islam sebagai pedoman hidup manusia dunia dan akhirat secara fitrah memberikan kebahagiaan dunia dan akhirat (falah). Tetapi dari sisi ekonomi, negara muslim cenderung memiliki PDB perkapita yang rendah serta kemiskinan yang cukup tinggi. Hal ini tentunya menjadi pertanyaan apakah Islam mampu mendorong atau justru menghambat perekonomian sebuah negara. Di sisi lain, beberapa studi menyatakan bahwa Islam memiliki hubungan negatif dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Tetapi, proksi Islam dari penelitian tersebut menggunakan proporsi negara muslim yang hanya menggambarkan apa yang dilakukan oleh umat muslim, bukan apa yang diajarkan oleh Islam. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini mencoba melihat hubungan nilai-nilai Islam universal terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi dengan menggunakan Islamicity Index sebagai proksi dari nilai nilai Islam. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa nilai-nilai Islam universal memiliki hubungan positif signifikan dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi secara umum dan di negara muslim, namun tidak signifikan di negara non muslim.

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Islam as a guideline for the life of the world and the hereafter in nature gives prosperous to the world and the hereafter (falah). But from an economic practice, Muslim countries tend to have low GDP per capita and high poverty. Some might question of whether Islam is able to encourage or even hinder the economy of a country. On the other hand, several studies state that Islam has a negative relationship with economic growth. However, the Islamic proksi of the study uses the proportion of Muslim countries which only describe the behaviour of Muslims, but it is not the value of Islam itself. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find the relationship of Islamic teachings to economic growth by using Islamicity Index as a proxy for Islamic value. This study found that the universal Islamic value has a significant positive relationship with economic growth in general and in Muslim countries, but not significant in non-Muslim countries."

"Bonus demografi dapat memberikan keuntungan atau kerugian bagi suatu negara. Di satu sisi, bonus demografi dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Di sisi lain bonus demografi dapat menimbulkan mengancam pertumbuhan ekonomi negara. Salah satu risiko terbesar di negara dengan jumlah penduduk yang tinggi seperti Indonesia adalah pengangguran. Lulusan perguruan tinggi diharapkan menjadi agen perubahan bagi Indonesia. Namun, penyerapan lulusan perguruan tinggi ke dalam dunia kerja masih belum maksimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui determinan pengangguran lulusan perguruan tinggi di Indonesia dengan menggunakan faktor ekonomi makro seperti inflasi, keterbukaan perdagangan, PDB per kapita, dan investasi asing. Penelitian ini menggunakan data panel dari 33 provinsi di Indonesia antara tahun 2010 hingga 2020. Model fixed-effect digunakan untuk mengestimasi pengaruh variabel independen terhadap pengangguran lulusan perguruan tinggi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pengangguran lulusan perguruan tinggi dengan keterbukaan perdagangan, PDB per kapita, dan investasi asing langsung.

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The demographic bonus could be a benefit or drawback for every country that experiences this situation. It would probably boost economic growth, but also, there is a risk of burdening the country for growth. One of the biggest risks in a country with a high population, like Indonesia, is unemployment. Higher education graduates should be the leading agents of change in Indonesia. However, the absorption of these higher education graduates into labor does not maximize. This study aims to capture the determinants of graduate unemployment in Indonesia by including macroeconomic factors such as inflation, trade openness, GDP per capita, and foreign direct investment. We utilize panel data used from 33 provinces in Indonesia between 2010 to 2020. The fixed effect model is employed to estimate the effect of these independent variables on graduate unemployment. The result shows a significant relationship between graduate unemployment and trade openness, GDP per capita, and foreign direct investment."

"Secara teoritis, carbon pricing – yang umumnya terdiri dari pajak karbon dan sistem perdagangan emisi – adalah kebijakan yang efektif dalam mengurangi emisi. Akan tetapi, terdapat isu apakah carbon pricing  berhasil menurunkan emisi dalam prakteknya. Isu lainnya adalah carbon pricing menyebabkan penurunan pada Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) dan memperburuk ketimpangan pendapatan. Menggunakan regresi data panel fixed effect dan menjadikan negara G20 sebagai studi kasus, studi ini menunjukkan bahwa pengimplementasian pajak karbon dan sistem perdagangan emisi secara bersamaan mengakibatkan penurunan emisi, tetapi disaat yang bersamaan menyebabkan penurunan PDB dan memperburuk distribusi pendapatan. Membedakan dan membandingkan dampak pajak karbon dan sistem perdagangan emisi secara terpisah, studi ini menemukan bahwa tidak pajak karbon maupun sistem perdagangan emisi memberikan dampak yang menguntungkan pada emisi, PDB, dan ketimpangan pendapatan secara bersamaan. Meskipun penurunan emisi dari pajak karbon lebih rendah daripada sistem perdagangan emisi dan telah terbukti bahwa pajak karbon menyebabkan penurunan PDB, akan tetapi pengimplementasian pajak karbon menurunkan ketimpangan pendapatan. Sebaliknya, sistem perdagangan emisi yang penurunan emisinya lebih besar dibandingkan dengan pajak karbon justru malah meningkatkan ketimpangan pendapatan. Dengan demikian, pengimplementasian carbon pricing memberikan tantangan bagi pengambil kebijakan untuk bagaimana dampak negatif dari pengimplementasian carbon pricing dapat diminimalisir.

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Theoretically, carbon pricing – which in general consists of carbon tax and Emissions Trading System (ETS) – is an effective policy in reducing emissions. However, there is an issue whether in practice carbon pricing has been successful in reducing emissions. Another issue is carbon pricing would induce a decrease in GDP and worsen income inequality. Using fixed effect panel data regression and utilized G20 countries as the case study, this study revealed that the implementation of carbon tax and ETS simultaneously has been effective in reducing emissions, while at the same time induced decrease in GDP and worsening income inequality. Differentiating and comparing the impact of carbon tax and ETS separately, this study found neither carbon tax nor ETS provide favorable outcomes on emissions, GDP, and income inequality simultaneously. Although the emissions reduction from carbon tax is lower than the ETS and it is proven that carbon tax implementation reduces GDP, but the implementation decreases income inequality. In contrast, ETS which provide larger emissions reduction compared to the carbon tax result in higher income inequality. Thus, the carbon pricing implementation leaves policymakers the challenges on how to reduce the adverse impact due to the implementation."

"Dalam rangka kemudahan berusaha dan percepatan proses perizinan, pemerintah telah melakukan simplifikasi regulasi terkait perizinan berusaha termasuk dalam bidang distribusi obat dengan menerbitkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 5 Tahun 2021 dan Peraturan Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Nomor 10 Tahun 2021. Berdasarkan regulasi tersebut, terdapat perubahan persyaratan dalam proses sertifikasi CDOB diantaranya pemangkasan timeline proses sertifikasi CDOB baik dari pihak BPOM maupun dari pihak pelaku usaha, serta simplifikasi jenis sertifikat CDOB. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui implementasi kebijakan sertifikasi CDOB sebagai standar perizinan berusaha di Indonesia. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam dan data sekunder diperoleh melalui telaah dokumen. Penelitian menggunakan teori analisis kebijakan Van Meter dan Van Horn dengan variabel ukuran dan tujuan kebijakan, sumber daya, karakteristik badan pelaksana, komunikasi antar organisasi, disposisi pelaksana, serta lingkungan ekonomi, sosial dan politik yang mempengaruhi implementasi kebijakan. Hasil penelitian adalah bahwa ukuran dan tujuan kebijakan serta disposisi pelaksana telah jelas dan dipahami namun masih terkendala pada aspek sumber daya (anggaran), komunikasi, dan karakteristik badan pelaksana dalam hal keterbatasan SDM dan fasilitas khususnya di instansi pemerintah, serta lingkungan ekonomi, sosial dan politik turut berpengaruh pada implementasi kebijakan sertifikasi CDOB sebagai standar perizinan berusaha. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah implementasi kebijakan sertifikasi CDOB sebagai standar perizinan berusaha belum berjalan secara optimal karena masih terdapat perubahan kebijakan yang belum diimplementasikan yaitu terkait simplifikasi jenis sertifikast CDOB. Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini adalah pengawalan terhadap revisi Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 32 Tahun 2017 tentang PNBP di BPOM, memperluas sosialisasi kebijakan sertifikasi CDOB agar lebih merata, melakukan monitoring dan evaluasi proses integrasi yang telah berjalan, serta meningkatkan koordinasi lintas sektor agar proses implementasi kebijakan sertifikasi CDOB sebagai standar perizinan berusaha dapat berjalan secara optimal.

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In the context of facilitating doing business and accelerating the licensing process, the government has simplified regulations related to business licensing, including in the field of drug distribution by issuing Government Regulation Number 5 of 2021 and BPOM Number 10 of 2021. Based on these regulations, there are changes to the requirements in the GDP certification process included trimming the timeline for the GDP certification process both from the BPOM and from the business actors, as well as simplification of the types of GDP certificates. This research is to find out the implementation of the GDP certification policy as a business licensing standard in Indonesia. The research was conducted using a qualitative approach with primary data obtained through in-depth interviews and secondary data obtained through document review. This study uses the theory of policy analysis by Van Meter and Van Horn with the variables of policy size and objectives, resources, characteristics of implementing agencies, inter-organizational communication, executor dispositions, as well as the economic, social and political environment that influences policy implementation. The results of the study are that the size and objectives of the policy as well as the disposition of the executors are clear and understood but are still constrained in the aspects of resources (budget), communication, and the characteristics of implementing agencies in terms of limited human resources and facilities, especially in government agencies, as well as the economic, social and political environment also influences the implementation of the GDP certification policy as a business licensing standard. The conclusion of this study is that the implementation of the GDP certification policy as a business licensing standard has not run optimally because there are still policy changes that have not been implemented, namely related to simplification of the types of GDP certificates. The recommendations from this study are escorting the revision of Government Regulation Number 32 of 2017 concerning PNBP at BPOM, expanding the dissemination of GDP certification policies to make it more equitable, monitoring and evaluating the ongoing integration process, and increasing coordination across sectors so that the process of implementing GDP certification policies as a business licensing standard can run optimally."