Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"[ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak perdagangan internasional terhadap kesenjangan gender di sektor manufaktur di Indonesia berdasarkan teori Becker. Menurut teori ini, perdagangan internasional meningkatkan persaingan industri dan pada gilirannya menurunkan diskriminasi gender. Ini merupakan studi tingkat industri yang membandingkan efek dari perdagangan internasional pada kesenjangan upah gender dan lapangan kerja perempuan dalam industri yang kompetitif dan industri terkonsentrasi.Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa perdagangan internasional menurunkan ketidaksetaraan gender dalam industri terkonsentrasi karena menurunkan kesenjangan upah gender dan meningkatkan lapangan kerja perempuan. Sementara itu, ketidaksetaraan gender memburuk dalam industri kompetitif karena perdagangan meningkatkan kesenjangan upah gender dan mengurangi tenaga kerja perempuan.;

---

ABSTRACTThis research aims to analyze the impact of international trade on gender inequality in Indonesian manufacturing sector based on Becker's theory. According to this theory, international trade boosts industry competition and in turn lowers gender discrimination. This is an industry-level study that compares the effects of international trade on gender wage gap and female employment in competitive industries and concentrated industries.The results of the analysis indicate international trade alleviate gender inequality in concentrated industry because it lowers gender wage gap and increases female employment. Meanwhile, gender inequality worsened in competitive industry because trade increase gender wage gap and reduce female employment;This research aims to analyze the impact of international trade on gender inequality in Indonesian manufacturing sector based on Becker's theory. According to this theory, international trade boosts industry competition and in turn lowers gender discrimination. This is an industry-level study that compares the effects of international trade on gender wage gap and female employment in competitive industries and concentrated industries.The results of the analysis indicate international trade alleviate gender inequality in concentrated industry because it lowers gender wage gap and increases female employment. Meanwhile, gender inequality worsened in competitive industry because trade increase gender wage gap and reduce female employment;This research aims to analyze the impact of international trade on gender inequality in Indonesian manufacturing sector based on Becker's theory. According to this theory, international trade boosts industry competition and in turn lowers gender discrimination. This is an industry-level study that compares the effects of international trade on gender wage gap and female employment in competitive industries and concentrated industries.The results of the analysis indicate international trade alleviate gender inequality in concentrated industry because it lowers gender wage gap and increases female employment. Meanwhile, gender inequality worsened in competitive industry because trade increase gender wage gap and reduce female employment;This research aims to analyze the impact of international trade on gender inequality in Indonesian manufacturing sector based on Becker's theory. According to this theory, international trade boosts industry competition and in turn lowers gender discrimination. This is an industry-level study that compares the effects of international trade on gender wage gap and female employment in competitive industries and concentrated industries.The results of the analysis indicate international trade alleviate gender inequality in concentrated industry because it lowers gender wage gap and increases female employment. Meanwhile, gender inequality worsened in competitive industry because trade increase gender wage gap and reduce female employment, This research aims to analyze the impact of international trade on gender inequality in Indonesian manufacturing sector based on Becker's theory. According to this theory, international trade boosts industry competition and in turn lowers gender discrimination. This is an industry-level study that compares the effects of international trade on gender wage gap and female employment in competitive industries and concentrated industries.The results of the analysis indicate international trade alleviate gender inequality in concentrated industry because it lowers gender wage gap and increases female employment. Meanwhile, gender inequality worsened in competitive industry because trade increase gender wage gap and reduce female employment]"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan secara empiris atas suatu teori Pollution Haven Hypothesis (PHH) yang membahas dampak perdagangan internasional terhadap kualitas lingkungan. Pada penelitian ini, digunakan variabel ekspor-impor sebagai pendekatan variabel perdagangan internasional serta tingkat emisi CO2 sebagai pendekatan variabel tingkat kerusakan lingkungan. Penelitian ini menggunakan data panel dengan mengambil sampel negara-negara anggota APEC dengan rentang waktu penelitian pada tahun 1991-2010. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode Fixed Effect, dan menggunakan variabel exspor dan impor dari sektor emisi tinggi sebagai variabel penguji teori PHH. Meskipun berdasarkan hasil regresi, ditemukan bukti yang lemah adanya teori PHH yang berlaku di negara anggota APEC, namun berdasarkan hasil analisa data tidak ditemukan adanya teori PHH, sehingga dapat dikatakan bukti atas teori PHH pada negara-negara anggota APEC masih ambigu. Selain itu, pada penelitian juga dimasukkan faktor sistem politik, tingkat korupsi, dimana berdasarkan hasil regresi, sistem politik dan ketimpangan berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap tingkat emisi CO2, sedangkan untuk tingkat korupsi tidak terbukti berpengaruh terhadap tingkat emisi CO2 di negara anggota APEC.

---

This study aims to demonstrate empirically on a theory of Pollution Haven Hypothesis (PHH), which discusses the impact of international trade on environmental quality. In this study, the export-import variable is used as a variable approach to international trade and the level of CO2 emissions as the variable approaches the level of environmental damage. This study uses panel data by taking a sample of APEC member countries with the study period in 1991-2010. Data were analyzed by using Fixed Effect, and uses a variable export and import of high-emissions sectors as variable theory PHH testers.

Although based on the regression results, found a weak evidence of the existence of PHH prevailing theory in APEC member countries, but based on the results of the data analysis did not reveal any PHH evidence, so it can be said the existence of PHH theory in APEC member countries are still ambiguous. In addition, the study also included the political system factors, the level of corruption, which is based on the results of the regression, the political system and inequality significantly influence the level of CO2 emissions, while the level of corruption has not been proven to affect the level of CO2 emissions in APEC countries."

"Jepang merupakan salah satu mitra dagang utama Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaruh tingkat restriksi ROO terhadap kinerja ekspor dan utilisasi pada skema IJEPA dan AJCEP. Studi ini membangun ROO index sesuai Product Specific Rules (PSR), yang merupakan proxy dari ROO, pada produk HS6 digit dari untuk digunakan sebagai gambaran tingkat restriksi. Penelitian ini membuktikan tingkat restriksi ROO memiliki pengaruh negatif terhadap total ekspor maupun utilisasi skema kedua FTA. Peningkatan tarif yang berlaku juga berdampak menurunkan total ekspor, sedangkan tingkat margin tarif selaras dengan tingkat utilisasi FTA. Pengaturan PSR yang fasilitatif diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kinerja ekspor dan utilisasi skema kerjasama perdagangan internasional.

---

Japan is one of main Indonesia’s trading partners. This research aims to analyse the impact of ROO’s restrictiveness on the Indonesia export performance and the utilisation of preferential schemes for both IJEPA and AJCEP. This study constructs ROO Index based on Product Specific Rules (PSR), as proxy of ROO, at 6-digit HS level to measure the restrictiveness level. This research found that the restrictiveness of ROO has a negative impact on total exports and utilisation for both FTAs. Increasing rate of applied tariff  would reduces the total export, while the rate of margin tariff positifely impacts the utilisation rate. Providing faclitative PSR would likely improve export performance and utilisation of international trade agreements.     "

"Tesis ini berjudul “Peran World Halal Food Council terkait sertifikasi halal di pelbagai negara”. bertujuan untuk menganalisis terjadinya keberagaman Sertifikasi Halal di pelbagai negara serta mengidentifikasi apakah World Halal Food Council dapat melakukan uniformasi atas Sertifikasi Halal Dunia yang berkaitan dengan kerangka hukum WTO.Tesis ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif. Sumber data berupa bahan hukum primer dan sekunder serta tersier. Tekhnik pengumpulan datanya dilakukan melalui penelaahan kepustakaan. Kerangka konsep yang penulis gunakan sebagai hipotesa dalam mengkaji hasil penelitian serta disisipkan juga definisi operasional untuk menyamakan persepsi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa World Halal Food Council (WHFC) merupakan kumpulan dari organisasi sertifikasi halal dunia yang mempunyai tujuan, visi, misi dan komitmen anggota yang sama yakni untuk menjaga implementasi skema Syariah, menjaga organisasi tetap bersatu dan kuat, serta mencapai standar Halal tunggal dan global. Perbedaan standar produk halal masih menjadi persoalan dalam perdagangan internasional, antara lain: Perbedaan standar yang dipakai dan sistem sertifikasi halal. Perbedaan sistem hukum. Perbedaan tanda halal dalam proses perdagangan produk halal, Perbedaan madzhab yang dianut pada tiap negara yang melakukan proses perdagangan. World Halal Food Council hadir dan ikut berpartisipasi dalam menanggulangi atau memberikan berbagai ide untuk meminimalisir permasalahan standarisasi produk makanan halal dunia yang juga perlu sejalan dengan prinsip WTO dalam Article-article-nya;

---

This thesis is entitled "The Role of the World Halal Food Council in relation to halal certification in various countries". aims to analyze the diversity of Halal Certification in various countries and identify whether the World Halal Food Council can uniformize the World Halal Certification related to the WTO legal framework. This thesis uses a qualitative research type with a normative juridical approach. Sources of data in the form of primary and secondary and tertiary legal materials. The data collection technique is done through literature review. The conceptual framework that the author uses as a hypothesis in reviewing the results of the research and also inserts operational definitions to equalize perceptions. The results of this study indicate that the World Halal Food Council (WHFC) is a collection of world halal certification organizations that have the same goals, vision, mission and commitment of members, namely to maintain the implementation of the Sharia scheme, keep the organization united and strong, and achieve a single Halal standard. and globally. Differences in halal product standards are still a problem in international trade, including: Differences in standards used and the halal certification system. Different legal systems. Differences in halal signs in the process of trading halal products, differences in the schools of thought adopted in each country that carries out the trading process. The World Halal Food Council is present and participates in tackling or providing various ideas to minimize the problem of standardization of world halal food products which also needs to be in line with WTO principles in its articles;"

"ABSTRACTA Letter of Credit or called L/C as a banking instrument for making payments is a very well-known practice especially in international trade. The research of this thesis will discuss Law and Regulation concerning international trade using L/C and what legal issues arise related to the use of L/C at PT ANTAM (ANTAM) at Bank Mandiri. This research is library research based on normative juridical method, with data collection method focusing on literature studies and interview interviews. Data analysis conducted is qualitative. The conclusion of this study is first, the laws and regulations related to L/C are UCP 600, ISBP 745, Ministerial Decree of Energy and Mineral Resources of the Republic of Indonesia: 1952 K/84/Mem/2018. In practice the L/C at ANTAM shows that although L/C is considered as one of the safe instruments in international trade there are still problems both minor and major.

---

ABSTRAKLetter of Credit atau disebut L/C sebagai suatu instrumen perbankan untuk melakukan pembayaran merupakan praktek yang sangat dikenal khususnya dalam perdagangan internasional. Penelitian skripsi ini akan membahas tentang Hukum dan Regulasi tentang perdagangan internasional menggunakan L/C dan apa masalah hukum yang timbul terkait penggunaan L/C pada PT ANTAM (ANTAM) di Bank Mandiri. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian berbasis studi kepustakaan (library research) yang bersifat yuridis normatif, dengan metode pengambilan data berfokus pada studi literatur dan wawancara narasumber. Analisa data yang dilakukan bersifat kualitatif. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah pertama, hukum dan regulasi terkait L/C adalah UCP 600, ISBP 745, Ministerial Decree of Energy And Mineral Resources of The Republic of Indonesia: 1952 K/84/Mem/2018. Dalam praktik L/C di ANTAM menunjukkan bahwa walaupun L/C dianggap sebagai salah satu intrumen yang aman dalam perdagangan internasional masih ada permasalahan baik minor maupun major."

"[WTO sebagai organisasi internasional yang bergerak di bidang perdagangan seharusnya menjadi penggerak perdagangan dunia. Dengan ekonomi Tiongkok yang terus bertumbuh terlebih karena menggunakan pendekatan perdagangan internasional seharusnya mendapat keuntungan lebih apabila menjadi anggota WTO. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat dampaknya keanggotaan WTO Tiongkok terhadap perdagangannya dengan ASEAN+6 yang ditinjau melalui pendekatan model gravitasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa keanggotaan WTO bagi Tiongkok meningkatkan jumlah perdagangan Tiongkok ke ASEAN+6 yang secara signifikan dibandingkan saat Tiongkok masih belummenjadi anggota WTO. Sehngga keanggotaan WTO dapat diasumsikan meningkatkan jumlah perdagangan negara anggotanya.

---

WTO as an international organization which is focused on trade should be the main engine in world trade. With China's economy ever growing especially because it uses a foreign trade approach would suggest that WTO

accession would be beneficiary for China. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of China's WTO accession towards its trade with ASEAN + 6 by using a gravity model approach. The results of this study has shown that China's WTO accession has indeed increased the volume of trade between China and ASEAN + 6 by a significant margin compared to China prior WTO membership. Thus meaning that WTO membership is likely to increase a nations trade volume.

, WTO as an international organization which is focused on trade should be

the main engine in world trade. With China’s economy ever growing

especially because it uses a foreign trade approach would suggest that WTO

accession would be beneficiary for China. The purpose of this study is to

analyze the impact of China’s WTO accession towards its trade with ASEAN +

6 by using a gravity model approach. The results of this study has shown that

China’s WTO accession has indeed increased the volume of trade between

China and ASEAN + 6 by a significant margin compared to China prior WTO

membership. Thus meaning that WTO membership is likely to increase a

]"

"[Dampak penurunan tarif impor terhadap kesempatan kerja di negara berkembangmasih banyak diperdebatkan. Menurut teori, efisiensi penggunaan sumber daya dariperdagangan internasional dapat meningkatkan produksi domestik dan permintaantenaga kerja. Namun setidaknya dalam jangka pendek pengangguran dapatmeningkat di sektor yang tidak mampu bersaing. Studi di Indonesia belum banyakmenunjukkan bukti empiris pengaruh penurunan tarif impor terhadap kesempatankerja. Dengan mengadopsi metodologi Hasan, Mitra, Ranjan, & Ahsan (2012) dandata individual dan sektoral dari SAKERNAS 2000-2010, studi ini menunjukanpenurunan tarif impor di Indonesia dapat mengurangi kemungkinan menganggur disektor yang mampu bersaing dan meningkatkan kemungkinan menganggur disektor kurang mampu bersaing., The effect of import tariff reduction on job opportunities in developing countries isstill debateable. The theory suggests that efficiency in utilization of resourcesresulting from international trade can increase domestic production and demand oflabour. However, at least in the short-run, unemployment can increase in lesscompetitive sectors. Empirical studies from Indonesia on this issues are still limited.By adopting the methodology from Hasan, Mitra, Ranjan, & Ahsan (2012) andemploying individual and sectoral data from SAKERNAS 2000-2010, this studyshows that reducing import tariff in Indonesia decreases of probability ofunemployment in competitive sectors but increases it in less competitive sectors.]"

"Donald Trump was elected into US presidential office in November 2016 and his protective approach on international economics blatantly differs with actions taken by politicians before him. Those policies and sentiments are always expressed via his twitter account and received various responses from citizens and governments alike. This research aimed to find out if the US diplomatic hostility towards its partners on social media will have a direct impact on their bilateral trade flows because of diplomatic retaliation. Using monthly import and export data between the US and 10 major trading partners from June 2015 until March 2018, their respective Economic Policy Uncertainty EPU Index, and tweets analysed with VADER sentiment analysis, we estimate an ARDL model of Trump rsquo s twitter sentiments and its effect on trade. We found out that tweets and trade are not causally linked, yet in most cases they are cointegrated in the short and long run. Through ARDL, we can infer that tweets took around 4 months to take effect and they are only significant in several countries.

---

Donald Trump terpilih menjadi Presiden Amerika Serikat di bulan November 2016 dan kebijakannya yang protektif sangat berbeda dengan politisi-politisi sebelumnya. Kebijakan dan opini Trump selalu diutarakan melalui akun Twitternya dan mendapat berbagai tanggapan baik dari masyarakat maupun negara lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari tahu apabila ketegangan diplomatis akibat perilakunya di media social akan memiliki efek langsung pada perdagangan bilateral sebagai konsekuensi dari balasan diplomatic. Dengan menggunakan data bulanan impor dan ekspor antara AS dan 10 partner dagang dari Juni 2015 sampai Maret 2018, data Indeks Ketidakpastian Kebijakan Ekonomi EPU dari negara-negara tersebut dan twitnya yang dianalisa dengan metode analisa sentiment VADER, kami mengestimasi model ARDL untuk nilai sentiment twit Trump dan efeknya pada perdagangan. Melalui ARDL, ditemukan bahwa twit membutuhkan sekitar 4 bulan untuk memengaruhi arus perdagangan dan bahwa twit merupakan variabel yang signifikan hanya untuk beberapa negara tertentu."