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"This is a detailed, narrative-based history of Classical Malay Literature. It covers a wide range of Malay texts, including folk literature; the influence of the Indian epics and shadow theatre literature; Panji tales; the transition from Hindu to Muslim literary models; Muslim literature; framed tales; theological literature; historical literature; legal codes; and the dominant forms of poetry, the pantun and syair."

"The misrepresentation of Southeast Asians throughout history was often the results of the White Man’s burden doctrine practiced by Western colonialists, which clouded their perceptions of Southeast Asians, resulting in claims that Southeast Asians were inferior. This Eurocentric idea has distorted the representation of colonized nations in general. However, the worst Eurocentric fallacy is regarding Muslim women in Southeast Asia. They were not only misrepresented but also intimidated by the patriarchal nature of orientalism. Muslim women were, and indeed often still are, viewed as vulnerable victims that need to be saved from their men, making them quarry of double oppression. The most unfortunate part is even many modern white feminists still subscribe to these Eurocentric ideas. Thus, this paper aims to decolonize this narrative by illustrating the history of women’s involvement in politics from the time of the Malay Sultanate until post-World War II Malaya. This research also explores women’s participation in the far-right and far-left political movements in Malaya, with special references to Ibu Zain and Shamsiah Fakeh. We demonstrate the independence of Malayan women and affirm that they were well-presented in Malayan politics over this period of time."

"Dalam makalah ini dibentangkan bagaimana Teori Kenisbian Einstein dijiwai bahasa dan sisitem nilai bangsa Jerman. Demikian juga dg pengkritik awal teori ini, whitehead dan Iqbal yang dijiwai bahasa dan sistem nilai bangsa ibunda mereka masing-masing, Inggeris-Kristian dan Urdu-Islam. Selanjutnya dibuktikan kajian etimologi bahasa Melayu tentang masa sudah boleh digunakan untuk mengkritik eori Kenisbian ini secara membinanya dan sekaligus menunjukkan potensi baru memperbaiki teori Kenisbian Barat ini kepada teori yang lebih akrab dengan jiwa Melayu dan tentunya diharapkan dapat menjadi alternatif kepada Teori Kenisbian yg ada kini itu."