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"Interfaces between dissimilar materials are met everywhere in microelectronics and microsystems. In order to ensure faultless operation of these highly sophisticated structures, it is mandatory to have fundamental understanding of materials and their interactions in the system. In this revised method four fundamental disciplines are combined, (i) thermodynamics of materials, (ii) reaction kinetics, (iii) theory of microstructures, and (iv) stress and strain analysis. The advantages of the method are illustrated in Interfacial Compatibility in Microelectronics which includes, solutions to several common reliability issues in microsystem technology, methods to understand and predict failure mechanisms at interfaces between dissimilar materials, and an approach to DFR based on deep understanding in materials science, rather than on the use of mechanistic tools, such as FMEA."

"Nanotechnology, that which deals with materials and phenomena in nanometer dimensions (a millionth of a millimeter or 10 -9m) , is a highly interdisiplinary field..."

"This book is devoted to a wide range of problems concerning applications of nanomaterials and nanodevices as effective solutions to modern ecological problems. Leading experts in nanoscience and nanotechnology present the key theoretical, experimental and implementation issues related to the creation and utilization of novel nanoscale devices to help ensure ecological security. The authors discuss appropriate nanotechnologies for minimizing various types of risk: to human life, technogenic risk, or indeed terrorist threats. Particular emphasis is placed on defining and studying the required materials properties, and in the field on nanoscale devices for sensors and monitoring."

"Inovasi pengembangan produk baru atau NPD (New Product Development) adalah kunci dalam persaingan dunia industri cat dan coating Indonesia saat ini. Nanoteknologi diprediksi oleh banyak pakar mampu menjadi solusi mutakhir peningkatan nilai tambah dan daya saing produk coating menjadi produk nanocoating (NC). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memetakan potensi pengembangan produk NC (NPD Mapping), Prioritas pengembangan produk NC (NPD Priority) dan rekomendasi pengembangan produk NC (NPD Recommendation). Setelah dilakukan pengolahan data dengan analisis SWOT-AHP-IPA maka diperoleh 12 kriteria pengembangan dan 5 alternatif produk nanocoating dengan tingkat prioritas adalah NC anti korosi (0,224), NC Anti Suhu Tinggi (0,199), dan NC Anti Fouling (0,197). Berdasarkan analisis dengan metode IPA, diperoleh faktor yang dianggap paling penting (importance) oleh prespektif industri namun memerlukan perbaikan segera (sebagai rekomendasi NPD) karena memiliki tingkat (performance) rendah yaitu, (1) pentingnya ketersediaan fasilitas riset, peralatan, dan infrastruktur, (2) pentingnya pertimbangan industri nasional terhadap biaya produksi aplikasi nanoteknologi, dan (3) pentingnya dukungan pemerintah dalam menyediakan kebijakan bagi industri nasional.

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The innovation of new product development (NPD) is a key for Indonesia paint and coating industry competitiveness. Nanotechnology is predicted by many experts will be able to becoming a revolutioner solution to make additional value and competitiveness product becoming nanocoating (NC) product. The aims of this research are to know NPD Mapping, NPD Priority, and NPD Recommendation. After data processing using SWOT-AHP-IPA analysis, thus it obtained to 12 development atributs and 5 nanoproduct alternatif with priority level are NC Corrosive resistance (0,224), NC High Temperature resistance (0,199), and NC Fouling resistance (0,197).

Based on the analysis of the IPA method, obtained factors considered most important (importance) by the industry perspective, but requires immediate repair (as a recommendation NPD) because it has a level (performance) low ie, (1) the importance of the availability of research facilities, equipment, and infrastructure, (2) the importance of the consideration of the national industrial production costs nanotechnology applications, and (3) the importance of government support for the industry in providing national policy."

"Crystallization and growth of colloidal nanocrystals provides a current understanding of the mechanisms related to nucleation and growth for use in controlling nanocrystal morphology and physical-chemical properties."

"This book is a textbook which emphasizes the importance of advanced quantum mechanics for materials science and all experimental techniques which employ photon absorption, emission, or scattering. Important aspects of introductory quantum mechanics are covered in the first seven chapters to make the subject self-contained and accessible for a wide audience. The textbook can therefore be used for advanced undergraduate courses and introductory graduate courses which are targeted towards students with diverse academic backgrounds from the Natural Sciences or Engineering. To enhance this inclusive aspect of making the subject as accessible as possible, Appendices A and B also provide introductions to Lagrangian mechanics and the covariant formulation of electrodynamics. Other special features include an introduction to Lagrangian field theory and an integrated discussion of transition amplitudes with discrete or continuous initial or final states. Once students have acquired an understanding of basic quantum mechanics and classical field theory, canonical field quantization is easy. Furthermore, the integrated discussion of transition amplitudes naturally leads to the notions of transition probabilities, decay rates, absorption cross sections and scattering cross sections, which are important for all experimental techniques that use photon probes."

"This book presents a new, sustainable roadmap towards ultra-low-energy (femto-Joule), high-performance electronics. The focus is on the energy-efficiency of the various chip functions: sensing, processing, and communication, in a top-down spirit involving new architectures such as silicon brains, ultra-low-voltage circuits, energy harvesting, and 3D silicon technologies. Recognized world leaders from industry and from the research community share their views of this nanoelectronics future. They discuss, among other things, ubiquitous communication based on mobile companions, health and care supported by autonomous implants and by personal carebots, safe and efficient mobility assisted by co-pilots equipped with intelligent micro-electromechanical systems, and internet-based education for a billion people from kindergarden to retirement."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan mengenai upaya pengendalian pajanan bahaya nanomaterial di tempat kerja berdasarkan hierarki pengendalian. Studi dilaksanakan mulai bulan Januari 2022 sampai dengan Juni 2022 dengan menggunakan metode kajian literatur sistematis (systematic literature review). Literatur yang digunakan berupa jurnal atau buku yang dipublikasikan dalam rentang 10 tahun terakhir. Literatur didapat dari pangkalan data internasional daring (online database). Dari hasil kajian terhadap 14 (empat belas) literatur terpilih ditemukan bahwa upaya pengendalian nanomaterial dilakukan melalui tiga metode, yaitu rekayasa teknik, pengendalian administratif, dan penggunaan alat pelindung diri. Metode upaya pengendalian rekayasa teknik yang spesifik untuk nanomaterial adalah nano-specific fume hood, tetapi pada saat ini desainnya masih dikembangkan dan perlu penelitian lebih lanjut. Metode pengendalian administratif untuk nanomaterial misalnya penggunaan SDS yang di dalamnya harus tercantum informasi mengenai karakteristik fisikokimia nanomaterial, ekotoksikologi, toksikologi, dan manajemen situasi darurat dan bencana. Sementara itu, alat pelindung diri yang direkomendasikan ketika menangani nanomaterial adalah protective clothing berbahan nonwoven high-density polyethylene textile fabric, gloves berbahan nitril dengan ketebalan 0.11-0.15 mm, respirator tipe EHR, dan lainnya. Pemilihan upaya pengendalian yang tepat untuk tempat kerja dilakukan berdasarkan beberapa kriteria, seperti hasil penilaian pajanan, biaya (capital cost dan operating cost) dan efektivitas kontrol yang bervariasi antarmetode pengendalian.

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This study aims to explain the control of nanomaterial hazards in the workplace based on hieararchy of controls. The study was conducted from January 2022 to June 2022 using systematic literature review method. The literature used are journals or books published in the last 10 years. The literature was obtained from online databases. From the results of a study of 14 (fourteen) selected literatures, it was found that nanomaterials control were carried out through three methods: engineering control, administrative control, and personal protective equipment. A specific engineering control method for nanomaterials is a nano-specific fume hood, but the design is still being developed and needs further research. Administrative control methods for nanomaterials is SDS which should include information on the physicochemical characteristics of nanomaterials, ecotoxicology, toxicology, and emergency and disaster situation management. Personal protective equipment that is needed are protective clothing with highdensity non-woven polyethylene textile fabrics, gloves made of nitrile with a thickness of 0.11-0.15 mm, EHR-type respirators, etc. The selection of appropriate control measures for the workplace is carried out based on several criteria, such as the results of exposure assessment, capital cost and operating cost, and the effectiveness of controls that vary between control methods."

"Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk menguji stabilitas fisik dan kimia secara in vitro dan stabilitas biologik secara in vivo terhadap formula terbaru liposom EPC-TEL2,5. Liposom sebagai pembawa berbagai obat (drug carrier) yang berukuran 50 - 200 nanometer, merupakan salah satu produk teknologi nano (nanotechnology). Liposom ini merupakan formulasi terbaru yang mengandung lesitin / fosfatidilkolin kuning telur (egg yolk phosphatidyl choline=EPC dan Tetra eter lipid (TEL) 2,5 mol % dari Sulfolobus acidocaldarius atau Thermoplasma acidophilum.yang kemudian dinamakan sebagai liposom EPC-TEL2,5, belum pernah diuji stabilitasnya. Pada penelitian ini digunakan TEL dari Thermoplasma acidophilum. Kestabilan liposom dalam membawa obat hingga mencapai organ sasaran akan sangat menentukan dosis terapi obat. Uji kestabilan liposom EPC-TEL2,5 dilakukan pada liposom tanpa perlakuan (tanpa ekstrusi atau sonikasi), liposom hasil ekstrusi membran 200 nm, dan liposom hasil sonikasi. Secara fisik, uji dilakukan dengan cara mengukur jumlah dan diameter partikel liposom setelah penyimpanan pada suhu 4º C, suhu kamar, dan 37º C. Secara kimia dengan mengukur jumlah dan diameter partikel liposom setelah pemaparan garam NaCl; CaCl2; MgCl2 pada pH 5; 7; 9. Pengukuran jumlah dan diameter partikel liposom ke dua jenis uji stabilitas dilakukan pada hari I; hari VII; akhir bulan I; bulan II, dan bulan III. Secara biologik dilakukan pengukuran hasil degradasi TEL pada menit ke 0; 30; 60; jam ke 2; 4; dan 8 setelah penyuntikan liposom EPC-TEL2,5 secara IP, pada mencit. Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa liposom tampak stabil hingga akhir bulan I pada suhu 4º C dan 37º C pada uji stabilitas fisik; tetap stabil hingga akhir bulan II pada uji stabilitas kimia pada larutan garam NaCl; CaCl2 pada pH 5 dan 7. Liposom EPC-TEL2,5 terdegradasi di hepar mencit pada uji stabilitas biologik.

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The Physical, Chemical, and the Biological stability test on Liposome EPC-TEL 2.5 as the newest drug delivery systems (drug carrier), in vitro and in vivo. This experiment is carried out in order to improve the stability of the Liposome EPC-TEL 2.5 physically, chemically, and biologically. As a new formula, this liposome that has contained phosphatidylcholine from egg yolk=EPC and Tetra-ether Lipid (TEL) from membrane of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius or Thermoplasma acidophilum had never been tested on their stability. The stability of liposome to carry the drug into the targeted cells or organs is required for determining the therapeutic dose of the drugs. Physically, the test was done by measuring the amount and diameter of liposome after incubating at 4º C, at room temperature, and 37º C. Chemically, the test was also done using the same parameters after introduction of chemical solution of NaCl, CaCl2; MgCl2 at the pH of 5; 7; 9. The measurements was carried out on day 1; 7; and month 1; 2; and 3. Biologically, liposome EPC-TEL 2.5 was injected Intra-Peritoneally to mice to detect the degradation of TEL in their liver, at the minute of 0; 30 ; 60 ; the hour of 2; 4; and 8. The results of these tests were shown that liposome EPC-TEL 2.5 was stable until the last month of 1 at 4º C and 37º C on physical stability test; more stable at the chemical solution of NaCl and CaCl2 at the pH of 5 and 7 until two months; and TEL was degradable in liver of mice."

"This paper will review atomic -like phenomena in a semiconductor quantum dot which their size ,shape and interactions can be precisely controlled through the use of nanofabrication technology

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