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"One of the most vital needs of the people of the Capital City of Jakarta is the provision of sufficient clean water in terms of quantity and quality. In line with the Provincial Government Regulation Number 13 year 1992, PAM JAYA is a legitimate corporation that has the authority to extract, provide, and distribute drinking water and other enterprise based on the Provincial Government Regulation.

The number of PAM JAYA customers, from time to time, increases with the growth of 6.40% annually. In line with that increase a variety of complaints and information related with the unsatisfactory customers towards the products and the services provided by PAM JAYA forwarded directly either to PAM JAYA or to its counterpart (PT. PAM Lyonnaise Jaya Ltd. and PT. Thames PAM Jaya Ltd.).

To find out the customers' satisfaction towards the product and the services provided by PAM JAYA. the writer conducts a survey to measure the customers' satisfaction of PAM JAYA Water Supply Corporation to the Sub-District Public Health Centers in the Special Territory of the Capital City of Jakarta. Apart from that the research also aims at elaborating important components or attributes in satisfying the customers as well as elaborating the customers' perceptions about the service quality provided by PAM JAYA.

The respondents of this research are all personnel of the Sub-District Public Health Centers in the Special Territory of the Capital City of Jakarta restricted to only the Sub-District Public Health Centers that have become the PAM JAYA regular customers. The sampling method used in this research is area sampling (included in the probability sampling).

The research uses descriptive method with 30 respondents of the Sub-District Public Health Centers as the samples_ Questionnaire is designed to identify the attributes of customers' satisfaction, with an approach to: (1) Customer Delivered Value (total customer value and total customer cost), (2) Customer View of Service Quality (responsiveness, assurance, tangibility. empathy and reliability) (3) Marketing Mix (product, place, price and promotion).

From the survey findings it is found out that there are 7 attributes of customers' satisfaction that are considered important in satisfying PAM JAYA customers, that is quality and pipe endurance, clean water quality assurance, health quality acknowledgement, water quality consistency, assurance of product provision, pace in responding complaints and service quality provided by the PAM JAYA personnel. There are 2 biggest gaps between the customers' satisfaction and the PAM JAYA performance that are felt that is clean water quality assurance and the pace of responding complaints.

The research findings show that respective attribute of the customers' satisfaction indicating the value of negative gap. This shows that the quality services received by the customers are below standard. The percentage obtains for the customers' satisfaction level is 61.25%.

To better increase the future performance. PAM JAYA and its counterparts should make a lot of efforts to improve its product and services to meet the customers' expectation. The customers' satisfaction attributes that are considered very important and have the biggest gap between the expectation and the performance should be prioritized to increase the satisfaction level.

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Salah satu kebutuhan yang sangat vital bagi penduduk kota Jakarta adalah tersedianya pelayanan air bersih secara memadai baik kuantitas maupun kualitas. Sesuai dengan amanat Peraturan Daerah Nomor 13 tahun 1992, PAM Jaya merupakan badan hukum yang berwenang melakukan pengusahaan, penyediaan dan pendistribusian air minum serta usaha-usaha lain berdasarkan Peraturan Daerah.Jumlah pelanggan PAM Jaya, dari waktu ke waktu terus mengalami peningkatan dengan laju pertumbuhan 6,40% per tahun. Seiring dengan hal tersebut, dijumpai berbagai bentuk keluhan dan pengaduan berkaitan dengan ketidakpuasan pelanggan atas produk dan layanan PAM Jaya, baik disampaikan secara langsung kepada PAM Jaya maupun kepada mitra kerjanya (PT. PAM Lyonnaise Jaya dan PT. Thames PAM Jaya).Guna mengetahui kepuasan pelanggan terhadap produk dan layanan yang disediakan PAM Jaya, peneliti melaksanakan survey untuk mengukur tingkat kepuasan pelanggan PAM Jaya pada Puskesmas Kecamatan yang berlokasi di wilayah Propinsi DKI Jakarta. Selain dan pada itu penelitian juga bertujuan menjelaskan komponen/atribut yang dianggap penting dalam memuaskan pelanggan serta menjelaskan persepsi pelanggan mengenai kualitas pelayanan yang diberikan oleh PAM Jaya.Populasi target penelitian ini adalah, seluruh Puskesmas Kecamatan yang berlakasi di Wilayah Propinsi DKI Jakarta, sedangkan populasi terjangkaunya dibatasi hanya pada Puskesmas Kecamatan yang telah menjadi pelanggan PAM Jaya. Metode sampling yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah area sampling (yang termasuk dalam probability sampling).Metode penelitian yang dipakai adalah metode deskrrptif, dengan jumlah responden 30 (tiga puluh) Puskesmas Kecamatan pengguna air bersih produk PAM Jaya yang diambil sampling. Penyusunan kuesioner untuk identifikasi atribut kepuasan pelanggan, dengan pendekatan ; (1) Customer Delivered Value (total customer value & total customer cost), (2) Customer View of Service Quality (responsiveness, assurance, tangible, empathy & reliability), (3) Marketing Mix (product, place, price. & promotion).Dari hasil survey diketahui bahwa atribut kepuasan pelanggan yang dianggap sangat penting dalam memuaskan pelanggan PAM Jaya ada 7 (tujuh) yaitu ; kualitas dan kekuatan saluran pipa, jaminan mutu air bersih, pengakuan mutu dari kesehatan, konsistensi mutu air, jaminan tersedianya produk, kecepatan dalam menanggapi keluhan dan kualitas pelayanan petugas PAM Jaya. Kesenjangan/ gap yang paling besar antara harapan pelanggan dan kinerja yang dirasakan ada 2 (dua) yaitu ; jaminan mutu air bersih dan kecepatan dalam menanggapi keluhan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, masing-masing atribut kepuasan pelanggan menunjukkan nilai kesenjangan I gap negatif, hal ini menunjukkan kualitas layanan yang diterima pelanggan PAM Jaya masih berada dibawah kualitas layanan yang diharapkan pelanggan PAM Jaya. Prosentase untuk tingkat kepuasan pelanggan 1 kesesuaian pelanggan diperoleh angka sebesar 61,25%.Untuk lebih meningkatkan kinerja pada masa yang akan datang, PAM Jaya dan mitra kerjanya harus berupaya terus untuk memperbaiki produk dan layanannya sehingga dapat memenuhi harapan pelanggan. Atibut kepuasan pelanggan yang dianggap sangat penting dan mempunyai kesenjangan/ gap yang paling besar antara harapan dan kinerjanya, diprioritaskan untuk ditingkatkan kepuasannya."

"Besarnya kebutuhan air bersih di Jakarta untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan hidup masyarakat meriuntut tersedianya pelayanan publik perkotaan yang optimal secara khusus dalam bidang air minum. Namun keberadaan PAM Jaya sebagai institusi penyedia layanan air minum di Jakarta belum dapat mengakomondasi kebutuhan dari masyarakat, karenanya agar akselerasi pengembangan dan peningkatan kinerja pelayanan dapat terlaksana maka PAM Jaya melakukan kerjasama dengan pihak swasta atau dengan kata lain melakukan privatisasi. Dalam perkembangan selanjutnya ternyata setelali di privatisasi keluhan-keluhan masyarakat terhadap pelayanan air ternyata masih tetap terdengar padahal seharusnya privatisasi memberikan perubahan dan perbaikan kondisi pelayanan.Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka permasalahan penelitian yang diangkat adalah perlu diketahui apakah masuknya pihak swasta pads pelayanan air minum di DKI Jakarta sudah memberikan perubahan kualitas pelayanan atau belum seperti yang diharapkan pelanggan, disamping itu faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi perubahan tersebut. Dalam penelitian ini variabel yang dianalisis adalah kontinuitas, tekanan, kualitas dan kuantitas air serta tarif dan pelayanan pelanggan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah statistik deskriptif, korelasi dan regresi dengan alat Bantu Software SPSS.Hasil analisis menunjukkan kondisi pelayanan dengan melihat perubahan dari masing-masing variabel penelitian ditemukan bahwa nilai rata-rata perubahan (delta) bernilai negatif hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa penerapan privatisasi belum memberikan perubahan kualitas pelayanan terhadap pelanggan selain itu dari hasil analisis ditemukan variabel yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan pelanggan yakni tarif dan kontinuitas. Dengan demikian hasil analisis ini bila dihubungkan dengan tujuan dari privatisasi untuk membawa pelayanan publik lebih efesien dan efektif menunjukkan bahwa pelayanan air minum di wilayah Timur Jakarta belum sesuai dengan tujuan dari dilakukannya privatisasi.

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To fulfill community live needs for water, especially drinking water, in Jakarta area demanding optimal municipal public service. PAM Jaya existences as institution that provides drinking water service in Jakarta area is still not accommodate the community needs. Therefore to develop and increase its service performance, PAM Jaya is working together with private sector to convert PAM Jaya into a private company. However, community still file for complains to PAM Jaya even though converting into a private sector should make significant changes and improvement to become a better company.

Base on those conditions, the question of this research that needs to be recognized is private sectors involvement in drinking water service in DKI Jakarta. Has private sector involvement given any changes in quality of service or not as expected by customers? Which factors make the changes? In this research, analyze variables are continuity, pressure, quality and quantity of water, and tariff and customer service toward customer satisfaction. The analytic methods are descriptive statistic, correlation and regression with SPSS Software as the tools.

The analytic result, by looking at the changes from each research variable, showed that the average change value (delta) for service conditions' growth is negative. This is an indication that converting PAM Jaya into a private sector has not given any changes in quality of customer service. Another result showed from this research that tariff and continuity are variables that give big influence toward customer satisfaction. Therefore, if the result from this research is connected to the objective of converting PAM Jaya into private company, which is to deliver a more efficient and effective to public service, it showed that drinking water service in East Jakarta area is not appropriate."

"Perusahaan yang bergerak di industri air mineral adalah produk yang memiliki permintaan dalam jumlah besar terus menerus, namun sering menghadapi masalah keterlambatan penyelesaian produk yang disebabkan oleh limbah di lantai produksi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan strategi perbaikan menggunakan pendekatan manufaktur ramping (Lean Manufacturing) untuk mengurangi lead time di lantai produksi dengan mengurangi limbah dan kegiatan yang tidak memiliki nilai tambah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan manufaktur ramping (lean manufacturing) dan menggunakan Waste Assessment Management (WAM) sebagai metode dan menggunakan Value Stream Mapping sebagai alat untuk memetakan alur informasi dan yang terjadi dari awal hingga produk yang diterima oleh konsumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa :(1) identifikasi dengan WAM menunjukkan 7 jenis pemborosan adalah time waiting sebesar 8 persen, over production dan inapporiate transportation masing-masing sebesar 12 persen, unnecessary inventory sebesar 14 persen, unnecessary motion sebesar 15 persen, product defect sebesar 18 persen dan transportation sebesar 20 persen (2) VALSAT terpilih adalah Process Activity Mapping (PAM),dilanjutkan dengan perhhitungan effisiensi Current State Value Stream Mapping sebesar 39% . Maka dari itu, dilakukan perbaikan dengan mereduksi titik inspeksi dari 5 titik menjadi 3 titik dimana dapat menghemat waktu sebanyak 8100 detik sehingga effisiensi meningkat menjadi 79% sebagaimana tergambar pada Future State Value Stream Mapping.

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Enterprises engaged in the mineral water industry are products that have a large demand continuously, however, often face the problem of delays in the completion of products caused by waste on the production floor. The purpose of this study is to develop an improvement strategy using a lean manufacturing approach (Lean Manufacturing) to reduce lead time on the production floor by reducing waste and activities that do not have added value. This study uses a lean manufacturing approach and uses Waste Assessment Management (WAM) as a method and uses Value Stream Mapping as a tool to map the flow of information and what happens from the beginning to the product received by consumers. The results showed that (1) identification with WAM showed 7 types of waste were time waiting by 8 percent, over production and inapporiate transportation by 12 percent each, unnecessary inventory by 14 percent, unnecessary motion by 15 percent, product defect by 18 percent and transportation by 20 percent (2) the selected VALSAT was Process Activity Mapping (PAM), followed by the efficiency of Current State Value Stream Mapping of 39%. Therefore, improvements were made by reducing the inspection point from 5 points to 3 points which can save time as much as 8100 seconds so that efficiency increases to 79% as illustrated in the Future State Value Stream Mapping."

"Fluorida merupakan salah satu ion yang diketahui bermanfaat dalam pencegahan karies gigi jika digunakan pada konsentrasi tertentu, namun juga memiliki efek negatif yaitu menimbulkan terjadinya fluorosis pada gigi maupun tulang apabila konsentrasi asupannya berlebihan. Salah satu sumber asupan fluorida yaitu berasal dari air yang dikonsumsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengukur kadar ion fluorida pada air tanah dan air PAM yang digunakan sebagai sumber air minum di masyarakat. Pengukuran kadar ion fluorida dilakukan dengan menggunakan spektrofotometri visible pada panjang gelombang maksimum 586 nm menggunakan pereaksi sodium 2-parasulfofenilazo 1,8- dihidroksi-3,6-naftalen disulfonat (SPADNS)-asam zirkonil. Metode ini dioptimasi dengan cara mencari rentang serapan yang paling stabil yaitu hingga menit ke-10 setelah penambahan pereaksi. Hasil validasi metode diperoleh batas deteksi sebesar 0,0452 mg/L, batas kuantitasi 0,1506 mg/L, koefisien variasi sebesar 0,63%, dan uji perolehan kembali ion fluorida berada dalam rentang 90,50-102,04%. Hasil pengukuran terhadap sampel menunjukkan kadar ion fluorida pada air tanah dan air PAM bervariasi antara 0,0459 hingga 0,7800 mg/L. Rentang konsentrasi ini masih dalam batas kadar yang diperbolehkan berdasarkan peraturan menteri kesehatan nomor 492/MENKES/PER/IV/2010 yaitu sebesar 1,5 mg/L.

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Fluoride ion is one of the compounds that are known to have benefits in the prevention of dental caries when used in certain concentrations, but also has negative effects that may cause the occurrence of dental and bone fluorosis when the intake was in excessive concentration. One of the fluoride intakes comes from water that is consumed. The aim of this research was to identify and measure fluoride ion levels in groundwater and piped water that used as drinking water consumption in the community. Measurement of fluoride ion concentration is done by using visible spectrophotometry at the maximum wavelength of 586 nm using the sodium 2-parasulfophenylazo 1,8-dihydroxy-naphthalene-3,6 disulfonate (SPADNS)-zirconil acid reagent. This method was optimized by the search of range of absorption which stable for 10 minutes after reagent addition. 0.0452 0.1506 mg/L, and 0,63%, respectively. While the recovery of fluoride ion in sample were in the range of 90,50-102,04%. The measurement results of the samples showed levels of fluoride ions in groundwater and piped water varied between 0.05 to 0.78 mg/L. This range was still within allowed levels according the rules of Indonesian health ministers No. 492/MENKES/PER/IV/2010 where the maximum allowable fluoride concentration is 1.5 mg/L. The limit of detection, limit of quantitation, and coefficient of variation for fluoride ion were"

"[ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh sonikasi dengan media air terhadap serbuk timbal sebagai material aktif elektroda positif (PAM) dan hubunganya terhadap kapasitas baterai lead acid. Serbuk timbal yang dipakai merupakan standar pabrik yang di produksi dengan metode ball mill (Shimadzu). Serbuk timbal hasil sonikasi kemudian dianalisa dengan Partikel Size Analizer (PSA), X-ray diffraction ( XRD), GSAS, SEM/EDS dan Gravimetric Free Lead Test. Aglomerasi serbuk timbal terjadi pada awal proses sonikasi. Telah didapat serbuk timbal dengan ukuran nano (92 nm) pada sonikasi 600 menit. Serbuk timbal hasil sonikasi digunakan sebagai elektroda positif yang dipasangkan dengan elektroda negarif dari standar pabrik. Kapasitas mula yang dihasilkan ternyata lebih kecil dari kapasitas standar pabrik hal ini karena hilangnya komponen free lead pada serbuk timbal hasil sonikasi. Semakin kecil free lead yang terkandung dalam serbuk timbal hasil sonikasi dengan media air, PAM secara mekanik tidak stabil, proses formasi sulit dan kapasitas baterai yang dihasilkan semakin kecil. Ditemukan pula bahwa semakin besar ukuran partikel serbuk timbal sebagai bahan material aktif positif maka umur pakai baterai semakin baik.

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ABSTRACTOur goal in this research was to determine the effect of sonication leady oxide with distilled water as positive active material (PAM) and relation to the lead acid batteries capacity. Industrial product leady oxide (ball mill method) was used as raw material in this research. The prepared leady oxide was characterized and analyzed by particle size analyzer (PSA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), GSAS, SEM/EDS and Gravimetric Free Lead Test. Agglomeration occurs at the beginning of sonication. Been obtained the nanostructure leady oxide with particle size 92 nm at 600 minutes sonication. It?s sonication results are used as positive electrode which coupled with industrial negatives plates. The resulting initial capacity is smaller than Industrial product because loss of free lead components on leady oxide sonication results. The lack of free lead components in leady oxide as a result of water solvent sonication, cause PAM is mechanically unstable and difficult to form, and hence the plates have lower capacity. It was also obtained that larger particle size of leady-oxide , the life cycle of the battery is getting better;Our goal in this research was to determine the effect of sonication leady oxide with distilled water as positive active material (PAM) and relation to the lead acid batteries capacity. Industrial product leady oxide (ball mill method) was used as raw material in this research. The prepared leady oxide was characterized and analyzed by particle size analyzer (PSA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), GSAS, SEM/EDS and Gravimetric Free Lead Test. Agglomeration occurs at the beginning of sonication. Been obtained the nanostructure leady oxide with particle size 92 nm at 600 minutes sonication. It?s sonication results are used as positive electrode which coupled with industrial negatives plates. The resulting initial capacity is smaller than Industrial product because loss of free lead components on leady oxide sonication results. The lack of free lead components in leady oxide as a result of water solvent sonication, cause PAM is mechanically unstable and difficult to form, and hence the plates have lower capacity. It was also obtained that larger particle size of leady-oxide , the life cycle of the battery is getting better;Our goal in this research was to determine the effect of sonication leady oxide with distilled water as positive active material (PAM) and relation to the lead acid batteries capacity. Industrial product leady oxide (ball mill method) was used as raw material in this research. The prepared leady oxide was characterized and analyzed by particle size analyzer (PSA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), GSAS, SEM/EDS and Gravimetric Free Lead Test. Agglomeration occurs at the beginning of sonication. Been obtained the nanostructure leady oxide with particle size 92 nm at 600 minutes sonication. It’s sonication results are used as positive electrode which coupled with industrial negatives plates. The resulting initial capacity is smaller than Industrial product because loss of free lead components on leady oxide sonication results. The lack of free lead components in leady oxide as a result of water solvent sonication, cause PAM is mechanically unstable and difficult to form, and hence the plates have lower capacity. It was also obtained that larger particle size of leady-oxide , the life cycle of the battery is getting better;Our goal in this research was to determine the effect of sonication leady oxide with distilled water as positive active material (PAM) and relation to the lead acid batteries capacity. Industrial product leady oxide (ball mill method) was used as raw material in this research. The prepared leady oxide was characterized and analyzed by particle size analyzer (PSA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), GSAS, SEM/EDS and Gravimetric Free Lead Test. Agglomeration occurs at the beginning of sonication. Been obtained the nanostructure leady oxide with particle size 92 nm at 600 minutes sonication. It’s sonication results are used as positive electrode which coupled with industrial negatives plates. The resulting initial capacity is smaller than Industrial product because loss of free lead components on leady oxide sonication results. The lack of free lead components in leady oxide as a result of water solvent sonication, cause PAM is mechanically unstable and difficult to form, and hence the plates have lower capacity. It was also obtained that larger particle size of leady-oxide , the life cycle of the battery is getting better, Our goal in this research was to determine the effect of sonication leady oxide with distilled water as positive active material (PAM) and relation to the lead acid batteries capacity. Industrial product leady oxide (ball mill method) was used as raw material in this research. The prepared leady oxide was characterized and analyzed by particle size analyzer (PSA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), GSAS, SEM/EDS and Gravimetric Free Lead Test. Agglomeration occurs at the beginning of sonication. Been obtained the nanostructure leady oxide with particle size 92 nm at 600 minutes sonication. It’s sonication results are used as positive electrode which coupled with industrial negatives plates. The resulting initial capacity is smaller than Industrial product because loss of free lead components on leady oxide sonication results. The lack of free lead components in leady oxide as a result of water solvent sonication, cause PAM is mechanically unstable and difficult to form, and hence the plates have lower capacity. It was also obtained that larger particle size of leady-oxide , the life cycle of the battery is getting better]"

"Online collaboration tools adalah aplikasi yang mendukung penggunanya untuk bekerja sama dengan rekan kerja atau tim dalam menyelesaikan pekerjaan dengan fungsinya antara lain dapat digunakan untuk berdiskusi & berkomunikasi, menyimpan proyek bersama, serta mengerjakan proyek secara bersama-sama. Pada Maret 2020, pandemi COVID-19 telah masuk ke Indonesia yang menyebabkan adanya kebijakan pembatasan sosial dengan salah satu kebijakannya adalah perubahan dari work from office menjadi work from home untuk beberapa perusahaan. Pada masa tersebut, penggunaan online collaboration tools untuk bekerja pun meningkat karena sebagai salah satu alternatif agar tetap bisa bekerja sama dengan tim. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi pengguna dalam bekerja menggunakan online collaboration tools di saat masa pandemi COVID-19 telah berakhir dan untuk memprediksi apakah pengguna masih tetap melanjutkan penggunaannya. Penelitian ini mengadopsi teori technology affordance, task technology fit dan post acceptance model. Model penelitian meliputi 1) technology affordance (collaborative affordance, communication affordance, sharing resources affordance), 2) task-technoogy fit (utilization, task characteristics, perceived task technology fit), 3) post acceptance model (confirmation, perceived usefulness, satisfaction, continuance intention). Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan metode PLS-SEM dengan 404 responden valid. Hasil analisis nya menemukan bahwa faktor technology affordance, task-technology fit, confirmation, perceived usefulness, dan satisfaction membawa pengaruh terhadap intensi pengguna dalam melanjutkan penggunaan. Penelitian ini memberikan implikasi teoreties karena ada nilai keterbaruan dalam konteks online collaboration tools, serta implikasi praktis bagi pengembang aplikasi dan perusahaan tempat bekerja yang akan atau sedang menggunakan online colaboration tools.

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Online Collaboration Tools is an application that supports its users to work together with colleagues or a team in completing work with its functions, being used to discuss & communicate, save projects, and work on projects together. In March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic entered Indonesia which resulted in a social violation policy with one of the policies being a change from working from the office to working from home for several companies. At that time, the use of online collaboration tools for work also increased because it was an alternative to being able to work with the team. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence users to work using online collaboration tools when the COVID-19 pandemic has ended and to predict whether users will continue to use them. This study adopts the theory of technology affordances, task technology fit, and post acceptance model. The research model includes 1) technology affordances (collaborative affordance, communication affordance, sharing resources affordance), 2) task-technology fit (utilization, task characteristics, perceived task technology fit), 3) post-acceptance model (confirmation, perceived usefulness, satisfaction, continuance intention). Data analysis was carried out using the PLS-SEM method with 404 valid respondents. The results of the analysis found that technology affordance, task-technology fit, confirmation, perceived usefulness, and satisfaction factors influenced the user’s intention to continue using it. This research provides theoretical implications because there is a novelty value in the context of online collaboration tools, as well as practical implications for application developers and workplace companies that will or are currently using online collaboration tools."