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"This volume provides an ethnographic description of Muslim merit-making rhetoric, rituals and rationales in Thailand?s Malay far-south. This study is situated in Cabetigo, one of Pattani?s oldest and most important Malay communities that has been subjected to a range of Thai and Islamic influences over the last hundred years. The volume describes religious rhetoric related to merit-making being conducted in both Thai and Malay, that the spiritual currency of merit is generated through the performance of locally occurring Malay adat, and globally normative amal 'ibadat. Concerning the rationale for merit-making, merit-makers are motivated by both a desire to ensure their own comfort in the grave and personal vindication at judgment, as well as to transfer merit for those already in the grave, who are known to the merit-maker. While the rhetoric elements of Muslim merit-making reveal Thai influence, its ritual elements confirm the local impact of reformist activism."

"The genetic improvement of Eucalyptus species in Thailand has been developed at clone or variety levels. Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. Clone A5 and Clone D1 are two of the most planted varieties at Sa Kaeo province in the eastern region of Thailand. Thus, the selection of clones which emphasize economic traits is not sufficient anymore. Wood density and leaf functional traits should be emphasized also because these characteristics directly affect yields of plantation. The studied area was a six-year-old clone A5 and D1 plantation with spacing of3 m. x 3 m. in the village of Sa Kaeo Province, in eastern Thailand. The basic wood density (WD) of A5 and D1 was 0.7364 and 0.6345 g/cm3, respectively. Stem volume was 0.0512 and 0.0577 m3/tree and the stem dry mass was 28.10 and 26.50 kg/tree, respectively. Although the stem volume of A5 was less than Dl, their WD had significant statistical differences (p < 0.05) because the WD of A5 was higher than Dl. Furthermore, the A5 provided more stem dry mass than Dl, equal to 30.95 and 28.40 ton per hectare, respectively. For the leaves slenderness, A5 and Dl were 1.18and 1.19 respectively, which had insignificant difference (p > 0.05) and the specific leaf weight was 0.0135 and 0.0120 g/cm2 .respectively, which had a significant statistical difference (p < 0.05). These results indicated that the leaf thickness of A5 was more than Dl. It was affected positively by photosynthesis The results suggest that wood density of stem and thickness of leaves in this study could be used further to improve the genetic Eucalyptus."

"ABSTRACTThe shift from agricultural to industrial and from industrial to knowledge societies has affected the ways famers run their small-scale field activities in Central Thailand. To remain competitive, rice farmers need to continuously incorporate innovations and upgrade their technologies to sustain operations. These innovations and technologies may be seen i practically all aspects of the rice production process-from seed selection to fertilization, from seed raising and growth to irrigation, from crop protection to harvesting, threshing and drying.The study basically aims to explore the plausibility of rice farming villages as "learning organizations" and within these villages, the viability of forming "communities of practice". In so doing, it investigates how the rice farming village under study organizes, shares, moves and gains information on rice farming. The study was conducted in Baan Sap Nom Boon, Nonglue Subdistrict, Muang District, Chainar Province. The study uses a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive design. It uses both primary and secondary data and an ethnographic study approach. Research method and techniques consists of review of materials, interview with key persons and farmers in the community, interview with government personnel and field observations. Data generation was conducted from October 2004 to july 205 in Chainat Province, Thailand."

"This paper examines changes in the Thai perception of China during the Thanom administration (1963–73), when Thailand turned from “hostilities” to “rapprochement” toward China. The paper attempts to clarify the changing perceptions, their causes, and the logic used by the government in attempting the policy shift. The decade under study is categorized into three periods: (1) confrontation (1963–68), (2) adjustment (1968–71), and (3) rapprochement (1971–73). During the confrontation period, the demonization of China, the deification of the United States, domino theory, and forward defense doctrine were adopted to justify Thailand’s participation in the Vietnam War. During the adjustment period, opinion toward China was divided into two groups: Foreign Minister Thanat Khoman, students, and some intellectuals encouraged rapprochement with China, while other military-related officials opposed it. During the rapprochement period, under international pressure, Thanom’s military administration felt the urge to approach China. China was then dichotomized from the image of Communism and recreated into a “converted criminal.” The image changes during each period were not only the result of domestic and international conditions but also helped facilitate the government’s policy shifts."

"Setiap negara berupaya untuk terus meningkatkan kualitas kesehatan penduduknya. Hal tersebut memerlukan suatu kelembagaan untuk menuju Universal Health Coverage (UHC). Setiap proses pelayanan kesehatan tidak dapat dipisahkan dengan suatu sistem pembiayaan Kesehatan. Pelaksanaan fungsi pembiayaan kesehatan yang baik dan efisien akan dapat meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan kesehatan sehingga akan membantu Indonesia untuk mengatasi tantangan yang dihadapi pada sistem pembiayaan kesehatan jaminan kesehatan nasional. Thailand merupakan salah satu negara yang sudah lama mencapai UHC serta menerapkan sistem pembiayaan kesehatan pada jaminan kesehatan nasional berdasarkan tiga fungsi pembiayaan kesehatan, yaitu fungsi penampungan dana, fungsi pengumpulan dana dan fungsi pembelian. Analisis perbandingan sistem pembiayaan kesehatan jaminan kesehatan nasional Indonesia dan Thailand dilakukan dengan mengkaji aspek peran, persamaan dan perbedaan serta lesson learn pada tiga fungsi pembiayaan kesehatan kedua negara tersebut agar dapat menjadi bahan dalam peningkatan mutu dan evaluasi setiap kebijakan sistem pembiayaan kesehatan yang telah dijalankan di Indonesia dalam penyelenggaraan pembangunan kesehatan.

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Each country strives to continuously improve the health quality of its population. This requires an institution to achieve Universal Health Coverage (UHC). Every process of health care cannot be separated from a health financing system. The implementation of a good and efficient health financing function will be able to improve the quality of health services so that it will help Indonesia to overcome the challenges faced in the national health insurance health financing system. Thailand is one of the countries that has long achieved UHC and has implemented a health financing system for the national health insurance based on three health financing functions are collecting funds, collecting funds and purchasing. Comparative analysis of the health financing systems of NHI in Indonesia and Thailand was carried out by examining aspects of the roles, similarities and differences as well as lessons learned in the three health financing functions of the two countries so that they can be used as material for quality improvement and evaluation of every health financing system policy that has been implemented in Indonesia in the implemention of health development."

"Praktik pengangkatan anak terus dikenal dan berkembang dari masa ke masa, diawali dengan motif untuk meneruskan nama keluarga hingga akhirnya mengalami perubahan menjadi membantu dan memenuhi kebutuhan anak-anak yang kurang beruntung. Perihal pengangkatan anak di Indonesia yang termuat di dalam beberapa peraturan perundang-undangan juga telah menekankan bahwa pengangkatan anak harus dengan kepentingan anak, namun peraturan yang ada masih belum cukup untuk memberikan kepastian hukum dan perlindungan bagi para pihak, terutama anak. Bertolak dari hal tersebut, perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut yang salah satunya dapat dilakukan dengan dengan menggunakan pendekatan perbandingan ketentuan hukum dari dua negara yang berbeda, yang mana dalam hal ini dilakukan antara Indonesia dan Thailand. Penelitian ini bersifat yuridis-normatif dan disusun dengan menjelaskan beberapa aspek terkait pengangkatan anak yang meliputi penertian, jenis, syarat, tata cara, akibat hukum, bimbingan dan pengawasan, serta pembatalan pengangkatan anak. Adapun tulisan ini diharapkan dapat melengkapi pengaturan pengangkatan anak di Indonesia terutama dalam hal pembatalan pengangkatan anak dan mendorong pembentukan undang-undang khusus pengangkatan anak di Indonesia.

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The adopting children practice continues to be known and developed from time to time, starting with the motive to carry on the family name until finally switching to help and meet the needs of less fortunate children. Regarding child adoption in Indonesia, which is contained in several laws and regulations, it has also been emphasized that child adoption must accentuate the child's interests. However, the existing regulations are still insufficient to provide legal certainty and legal protection for the parties, especially the child in question. Accordingly, it is necessary to conduct further research that can be done by using a comparative approach to the legal provisions of two different countries, which in this case is carried out between Indonesia and Thailand. This research uses the normative-judicial method and is structured by explaining several aspects related to child adoption that include the definition, types, requirements, procedures, legal consequences, guidance, and supervision, as well as the termination of child adoption. This paper is expected to complement the regulation of child adoption in Indonesia, particularly in regard to the termination of child adoption, and to encourage the formation of a Child Adoption Act in Indonesia."

"Pembicaraan mengenai adaptasi terhadap perubahan iklim biasanya membicarakan mengenai teknologi saja atau kebijakan saja. Pembahasannya juga lebih banyak membahas mengenai sektor transportasi dan sektor industri. Ketika membicarakan sektor agrikultur juga lebih berfokus mengenai peternakan yang memang menghasilkan emisi gas rumah kaca yang banyak. Selain peternakan, aktivitas agrikultur yang menghasilkan emisi gas rumah kaca yang cukup besar adalah budidaya padi. Dalam kasus Vietnam, budidaya padi menghasilkan gas rumah kaca yang lebih besar dari sektor transportasi. Namun, budidaya padi juga sangat terganggu oleh perubahan iklim. Sementara budidaya padi banyak dilakukan di negara berkembang seperti Vietnam, Thailand, dan Indonesia yang belum tentu memiliki sumber daya yang memadai dalam menghadapi perubahan iklim. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini akan membandingkan bagaimana ketiga negara merespons isu perubahan iklim berdasarkan studi kasus kebijakan terkait tanaman padi. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori modernisasi ekologis yang melihat solusi dalam menghadapi isu perubahan iklim dengan inovasi teknologi yang lebih ramah lingkungan dan kebijakan pemerintah. Kebijakan yang mendorong agar masyarakat dan pihak swasta berpartisipasi dalam pencegahan perubahan iklim. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa setiap negara memiliki orientasi yang berbeda-beda sehingga menghasilkan pengimplementasian kebijakan dan teknologi yang berbeda-beda sesuai dengan konteks dan sejarah setiap negara. Sejarah yang dimaksud adalah sejarah budidaya padi di suatu negara. Sementara itu, konteks setiap negara yang dimaksud adalah konteks seperti permasalahan yang dihadapi, orientasi petani dalam budidaya padi di suatu negara, serta peran suatu negara di pasar internasional.

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The discussion about climate change adaptation usually focuses on technology or policies. It also predominantly addresses the transportation and industrial sectors. When discussing the agricultural sector, the emphasis is often on livestock farming, which indeed generates significant greenhouse gas emissions. Apart from livestock, another significant emitter in agricultural activities is rice cultivation. In the case of Vietnam, rice cultivation produces a greater amount of greenhouse gases compared to the transportation sector. However, rice cultivation is highly vulnerable to climate change. While rice cultivation is prevalent in developing countries such as Vietnam, Thailand, and Indonesia, these countries may not necessarily have sufficient resources to cope with climate change. Therefore, this study will compare how these three countries respond to the issue of climate change based on case studies of policies related to rice cultivation. The research employs the theory of ecological modernization, which seeks solutions to climate change issues through environmentally friendly technological innovations and government policies. Policies that encourage public and private sector participation in climate change prevention are also considered. The study finds that each country has a different orientation, leading to the implementation of diverse policies and technologies according to the context and history of each nation. The mentioned history refers to the history of rice cultivation in a specific country. Meanwhile, the context of each country includes factors such as the challenges faced by a country, the orientation of farmers in rice cultivation, and the role of a country in the international market."

"Pembicaraan mengenai adaptasi terhadap perubahan iklim biasanya membicarakan mengenai teknologi saja atau kebijakan saja. Pembahasannya juga lebih banyak membahas mengenai sektor transportasi dan sektor industri. Ketika membicarakan sektor agrikultur juga lebih berfokus mengenai peternakan yang memang menghasilkan emisi gas rumah kaca yang banyak. Selain peternakan, aktivitas agrikultur yang menghasilkan emisi gas rumah kaca yang cukup besar adalah budidaya padi. Dalam kasus Vietnam, budidaya padi menghasilkan gas rumah kaca yang lebih besar dari sektor transportasi. Namun, budidaya padi juga sangat terganggu oleh perubahan iklim. Sementara budidaya padi banyak dilakukan di negara berkembang seperti Vietnam, Thailand, dan Indonesia yang belum tentu memiliki sumber daya yang memadai dalam menghadapi perubahan iklim. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini akan membandingkan bagaimana ketiga negara merespons isu perubahan iklim berdasarkan studi kasus kebijakan terkait tanaman padi. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori modernisasi ekologis yang melihat solusi dalam menghadapi isu perubahan iklim dengan inovasi teknologi yang lebih ramah lingkungan dan kebijakan pemerintah. Kebijakan yang mendorong agar masyarakat dan pihak swasta berpartisipasi dalam pencegahan perubahan iklim. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa setiap negara memiliki orientasi yang berbeda-beda sehingga menghasilkan pengimplementasian kebijakan dan teknologi yang berbeda-beda sesuai dengan konteks dan sejarah setiap negara. Sejarah yang dimaksud adalah sejarah budidaya padi di suatu negara. Sementara itu, konteks setiap negara yang dimaksud adalah konteks seperti permasalahan yang dihadapi, orientasi petani dalam budidaya padi di suatu negara, serta peran suatu negara di pasar internasional.

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The discussion about climate change adaptation usually focuses on technology or policies. It also predominantly addresses the transportation and industrial sectors. When discussing the agricultural sector, the emphasis is often on livestock farming, which indeed generates significant greenhouse gas emissions. Apart from livestock, another significant emitter in agricultural activities is rice cultivation. In the case of Vietnam, rice cultivation produces a greater amount of greenhouse gases compared to the transportation sector. However, rice cultivation is highly vulnerable to climate change. While rice cultivation is prevalent in developing countries such as Vietnam, Thailand, and Indonesia, these countries may not necessarily have sufficient resources to cope with climate change. Therefore, this study will compare how these three countries respond to the issue of climate change based on case studies of policies related to rice cultivation. The research employs the theory of ecological modernization, which seeks solutions to climate change issues through environmentally friendly technological innovations and government policies. Policies that encourage public and private sector participation in climate change prevention are also considered. The study finds that each country has a different orientation, leading to the implementation of diverse policies and technologies according to the context and history of each nation. The mentioned history refers to the history of rice cultivation in a specific country. Meanwhile, the context of each country includes factors such as the challenges faced by a country, the orientation of farmers in rice cultivation, and the role of a country in the international market."

"In 2021 Thailand’s Ministry of Labour reported that approximately 2.4 million migrant workers had been permitted to work in Thailand, with two-thirds arriving from Myanmar (Samnak Borihan Raeng Ngan Tang Dao Krom Karn Jad Ha Ngan 2021). For decades, this large number of migrant workers from Myanmar has benefited the Thailand-Myanmar border trade, both directly and indirectly, including the remittances that Burmese migrant workers send to their families back home. This paper studies how the economic activities revolving around border trade developed. It describes how informal remittances from Myanmar migrant workers have become one of the key elements of the massive illicit border trade and introduces the possibility of digital technology replacing traditional informal remittance methods. The data presented here was collected by way of semi-structured interviews with 32 Burmese migrant workers living and working in Samutsakorn Province, nine Thai border traders in Mae Sot, officials, and a Thai financial technology company operating in Myanmar. The interviews revealed that most of the migrant workers had experience using mobile banking and financial applications, they were familiar with the technology, and they were aware of its capacity as an alternative method of sending money back home. However, many still preferred to use informal banking as it benefited them the most. The border traders interviewed for this paper further confirmed that there was still no threat of consequences for payment offsetting. Therefore, the digitalization of banking strengthens the informal banking system as it both hastens and improves the processes of money distribution."