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"Pembentukan suatu pranata baru tidak dapat dipisahkan dengan pranata-pranata yang sebelumnya telah melekat dalam suatu komunitas. Skripsi ini menyajikan pentingnya peran perkembangan pola politik-ekonomi dan agen dalam proses produksi dan reproduksi suatu pranata. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan etnografi, skripsi ini mengulas bentuk pranata yang dibangun dari struktur politik-ekonomi tertentu serta peran agen dalam produksi dan reproduksi pranata pengelolaan ekowisata di Desa Sembungan, Kecamatan Kejajar, Kabupaten Wonosobo. Pembentukan pranata pengelolaan ekowisata yang bermula dari penerapan kebijakan manajemen kolaboratif guna menanggulangi permasalahan degradasi lingkungan berkelindan dengan struktur masyarakat yang telah terbentuk. Interaksi tersebut terwujud dalam bentuk akomodasi, kontestasi, serta perubahan struktur sosial. Agency berperan dalam operasionalisasi aturan-aturan menjadi aturan yang secara aktual digunakan. Pada akhirnya, agen yang memiliki kemampuan untuk memilih aturan-aturan mana yang akan secara aktual digunakan, dapat menentukan siapa yang memperoleh akses dan siapa yang tersingkir.

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The crafting of a new institution could not be separated from the institutions that have previously embedded in a community. This undergraduate thesis presents the importance of the role of the political-economic patterns and agents in the process of production and reproduction of an institution. By using the ethnographic approach, this thesis analyzes the forms of institutions constructed from certain political-economic structures and the role of agents in the production and reproduction of ecotourism management institutions in Sembungan Village, Kejajar Subdistrict, Wonosobo District. Crafting of ecotourism management institutions that originated from the implementation of collaborative management policies to address environmental degradation problems intertwined with the formed community structure. The interaction is manifested in the form of accommodation, contestation, and changes in social structure. The Agency plays a role in the operation of the rules into actually used rules. Consequently, agents who have the ability to choose which rules will actually be used could determine who gets access and who is excluded."

"Olahraga cheerleading di Indonesia identik dengan olahraga perempuan. Pada umumnya, laki-laki yang berkecimpung di dunia cheerleading akan memperoleh stereotip negatif. Adanya stereotip negatif tersebut mendorong pembentukan maskulinitas terhadap anggota ICC. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode etnografi yaitu observasi partisipasi, wawancara, dan didukung oleh studi dokumen untuk mendapatkan data yang dalam dan detail. Hasil penelitian saya menunjukan bahwa pembentukan maskulinitas tersebut dilakukan oleh seorang aktor yaitu founder dari ICC. Aktor dalam hal ini memiliki pandangannya sendiri mengenai cheerleading, yang dijelaskan Bourdieu sebagai habitus. Aktor menggunakan habitus yang ia terapkan di dalam sebuah field, yaitu ICC. Dengan habitus dan juga modal yang ia miliki, aktor tersebut dapat menjalankan agency dengan membentuk beberapa aturan untuk menguatkan maskulinitas antar anggota laki-laki di ICC

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Cheerleading is known to be women sport in Indonesia. It is known that men who join this kind of sport gain negative stereotypes. The existence of these negative stereotypes lead to establishment of masculinity to ICC members. Data were collected with ethnographic method which is participant observation, interview and supported by document study to obtain deep and detail data.The result of my research shows that establishment ofmasculinity has been done by one actor which is the founder of ICC. In this case, this actor has his own perspective on cheerleading, which later explained by Bordieu as habitus.The actor is usinghabitus to applied in a field, the ICC. With his habitus and capital, the actor be able to run the agency to established rules among men in ICC."

"The study of Indonesian women inevitably involves methodological questions, a prime one being whether Indonesian women as a category form a meaningful object of study. In edited volumes on Indonesian women, the contributions usually form a mosaic of different kinds of Indonesian women, defined by variables such as ethnicity, class, residence, or historical time. This raises questions about diversity and difference and the applicability of specific findings to Indonesian women in general. Taking as a point of departure that it is useful to treat Indonesian women’s studies as one field of study, I explore these issues in relation to women’s agency and empowerment. First, I do so by applying a system’s approach to a case which I know best from my own fieldwork, that of women in a Madurese fishing community. Second, I use an intersectional approach to explore the subject of Indonesian women and social change, focusing on the aspects of family and food, and urbanization. Finally, I interweave the two parts and draw conclusions on the resilience of traditional values in the family food domain and on the impact of women’s paid work, but I also point at many remaining questions for further research."

"Starting out as a column in the Bali Post, Oka Rusmini’s alter ego Men Coblong offers, among other things, a feminist perspective on mothers and women and the social relations and cultural practices that confine them. Men Coblong fearlessly voices her view on religious sensitivities, culture, politics and, especially, everyday life. In Men Coblong, the self-titled collection of her columns, the (re) claiming of power operates on two levels. First, we have the journalist Oka Rusmini using words as power to challenge the injustices and absurdities she witnesses in contemporary Indonesia. Second, Oka’s alter ego Men Coblong engages in acts of everyday agency, using a range of strategies, to assert herpower as a woman. This analysis of Men Coblong is informed by notions of power, resistance, and agency as conceived by James Scott, Anthony Giddens, and Laura Ahearn. The power that Oka Rusmini is (re)claiming through Men Coblong is the right to confront, protest, and resist through words. Men Coblong reclaims power not through political activism but through enacting everyday agency."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyusunan, pembahasan dan alokasi, pelaksanaan dan pelaporan anggaran berbasis kinerja di Badan Kepegawaian Negara (BKN). Penelitian yang yang digunakan adalah analisis kualitatif dengan metode observasi, studi pustaka dan wawancara. Namun penerapan anggaran berbasis kinerja masih berada pada tataran format belum sampai pada esensi penggaran kinerja yang semestinya. Cukup banyak kelemahan dalam penerapan anggaran berbasis kinerja di BKN meliputi: (1) penyusunan anggaran masih berorientasi kepada input dan sangat minimnya informasi tentang keluaran (output) dan hasil (outcome) program (2) penyusunan anggaran terkadang tidak sinkron dengan Renja KL (3) fleksibilitass pelaksanaan anggaran belum berjalan karena masih melakukan pengendalian ketat anggaran per jenis belanja dan mata anggaran pengeluaran (4) belum adanya format baku pelaporan kinerja dan anggaran (5) format Renja KL masih bersifat masih bersifat kualitatif tanpa target sehingga tidak ada ukuran untuk menilai keberhasilannya (5) format RKA-KL masih sangat minim informasi tentang hasil program dan keluaran kegiatan. Saran utama yang diberikan di penelitian ini adalah: (1) menyempurnakan indikator kerja yang tercantum dalam Renja KL dan RKA-KL agar lebih berorientasi agar lebih berorientasi kepada output/outcome serta jelas targetnya dan bila perlu dicantumkan sumber pengukurannya (2) menyederhanakan dokumen perencanaan dan mempercepat proses penyusunan anggaran sehingga perencanaan kegiatan dapat dilakukan sebelum pengajuan anggaran (3) menggunakan data kinerja sebagai dasar alokasi anggaran tiap unit kerja (4) meningkatkan koordinasi antara Biro Perencanaan dan Inspektorat (5) Meningkatkan kapasitas dalam bidang akuntansi dan keuangan melalui pendidikan dan pelatihan.

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This research aims to determine the preparation, discussion and allocation, execution and reporting of performance-based budgeting in the National Civil Service Agency. The research is qualitative analysis and using observation, library research and interviews methods. The application of performance-based budgeting is still at the format level, it has not reached the proper performance-based budgeting essence. There are some weaknesses in the implementation of performance-based budgeting in BKN, namely : (1) preparation of the budget is input oriented and lack of output information (output) and program results (outcomes) (2) the budget preparation is sometimes out of sync with Renja KL (3) the flexibility of budget implementation has not run because there are strict controls on each type expenditure budget and expenditures budget items (4) the absence of a standardized format of performance and budget report (5) Renja KL format is qualitative untargeted so that there is no measurement to assess its success (6) format RKA-KL is still lack of information about program outcomes and activities outputs. The main advices given in this research are: (1) to enhance the performance indicators listed in Renja KL and RKA-KL to be more oriented to output / outcome and have a clear target and if it is necessary, sources of measurement should be included (2) to simplify the planning documents and speed up the budgeting process so that planning activities can be carried out before the submission of the budget (3) to use performance data as the basis of the budget allocations for each unit of work (4) to improve coordination between the Planning and Inspectorate Bureau (5) to increase the capacity of accounting and finance fields through education and training."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh corporate governance terhadap earnings management pada perusahaan sektor manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2017 – 2021. Pada triwulan II 2021, meskipun di tengah pandemi Covid 19, industri manufaktur telah menjadi kontributor terbesar atas kenaikan pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia mencapai 7,07%. Di akhir tahun 2021 juga, jumlah investor Pasar Modal Indonesia tercatat mengalami pertumbuhan signifikan mencapai 92,9% jika dibandingkan dengan tahun 2020. Hal ini menjadikan kebutuhan akan laporan keuangan yang andal khususnya pada perusahaan sektor manufaktur menjadi semakin besar. Untuk menguji hipotesis penelitian dilakukan regresi data panel pada model Fixed Effect menggunakan EViews 10. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa mekanisme corporate governance yang diteliti yaitu size of board commisioners, internal ownership, dan quality of audit tidak berpengaruh terhadap earnings management. Sedangkan independence of board commisioners berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap earnings management.

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The aim of this study is to determine the effect of corporate governance on earnings management manufacturing companies listed at the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017 – 2021. In the second quarter of 2021, even though amid the Covid-19 pandemic, the manufacturing industry has become the largest contributor to the increase of Indonesia's economic growth reaching 7,07%. Also at the end of 2021, the number of Indonesian Capital Market investors recorded a significant growth reaching 92.9% compared to 2020. This makes the need for reliable financial reports, especially for companies in the manufacturing sector, even greater. To test the hypothesis, panel data regression was performed on the Fixed Effect Model using EViews 10. The results find that the corporate governance mechanisms studied, namely the size of board commissioners, internal ownership, and quality of audit do not affect earnings management. Meanwhile, the independence of board commissioners has a significant negative effect on earnings management.

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"The Girl Effect adalah sebuah program yang diluncurkan pada September 2015 dengan tujuan untuk mengurangi kemiskinan secara global. Program ini diadakan berdasarkan kepercayaan bahwa kalau perempuan diberikan kesempatan, mereka bisa mengangkat negaranya dari kemiskinan. Latar belakang dari program ini adalah sesuatu yang menarik untuk diungkap, dengan adanya agenda makroekonomi besar yang menjadi bagian. Makalah ini tidak hanya membahas The girl effect secara khusus, tapi juga pemberdayaan perempuan secara umum. Makalah ini membahas hubungan antara The girl effect dengan pemberdayaan perempuan, dan juga seberapa besar program ini peduli terhadap perempuan itu sendiri dibandingkan dengan tujuannya untuk mengurangi kemiskinan. Terungkap bahwa hubungan dan kerjasam dari pihak-pihak yang terlibat dibutuhkan untuk mengatasi beban perempuan dalam menanggulangi kemiskinan. Lebih lanjut, perwakilan perempuan yang benar-benar peduli terhadap apa yang diinginkan dan dibutuhkan perempuan harus terlibat dalam mendesain program; baik itu di development practitioner agency atau di pemerintahan.

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The Girl Effect is an independent non-profit organization, launched in September 2015 with the goal of ending poverty globally. Its work is based on its belief that when given the opportunity, girls are able to lift their countries out of poverty. The backdrop of this program is something that is interesting and intriguing to be revealed, with the big macroeconomy agenda play its part in this subject. This paper not only talk about the girl effect in particular, but also the women empowerment program in general. It discuss the relation between the girl effect and women empowerment, and also to what degree the program care about the women itself rather than the purpose of alleviating poverty. It find out that the relation and cooperation between the embroiled parties is needed to overcome the burden of woman on alleviating poverty. Moreover, the women representative that really care of what women really needs and wants should be involved in designing the program; whether it is on the develoment practicioner agency or in government."

"Tesis ini membahas tanggung jawab perusahaan pemeringkat efek pada penerbitan surat medium term notes (MTN) dengan melakukan studi kasus pada gagal bayar MTN PT Sunprima Nusantara Pembiayaan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif. Perusahaan pemeringkat efek bertanggung jawab atas setiap hasil peringkat yang dikeluarkan dengan melakukan analisis yang mendalam (in-depth analysis), dilakukan secara independen dan objektif. Manipulasi data dan informasi di dalam laporan keuangan PT Sunprima Nusantara Pembiayaan menyebabkan hasil pemeringkatan PEFINDO tidak mencerminkan keadaan yang sebenarnya, meskipun analisis telah sesuai dengan prosedur dan metodologi pemeringkatan. Tanggung jawab PEFINDO terbatas pada melakukan penilaian atas kemampuan perusahaan untuk memenuhi kewajiban pembayaran secara tepat waktu sesuai dengan prosedur dan metodologi pemeringkatan. Hasil penelitian menyarankan pihak berwenang untuk melakukan perubahan kedudukan perusahaan pemeringkat efek agar tidak lagi dikategorikan sebagai penasihat investasi untuk mempertegas tanggung jawabnya dalam melakukan kegiatan pemeringkatan. Pengaturan dan pengawasan yang dilakukan OJK diharapkan dapat dilakukan secara intensif dan dapat melibatkan lintas direktorat agar sesuai dengan peranan OJK di sektor jasa keuangan.

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The focus of this emphasize the responsibility of credit rating agency on debt issuance, especially medium term notes (MTN) issuance by researching default case of MTN PT Sunprima Nusantara Pembiayaan. This research is qualitative descriptive interpretive. Credit rating agency fully rensponsible on every rating process by performing in-depth analysis, indepentent and objective. The impact of manipulation of data and information in the Financial Statement PT Sunprima Nusantara Pembiayaan caused rating process will not be reliable, even if the rating process has been perfomed in accordance with the rating methodology. PEFINDO’s responsibility will be limited to conduct analysis on capacity of issuer to fulfill its financial obligation in timely manner in accordance with the rating procedure and methodology. Knowing this will allow authorities to amend the legal standing of credit rating agency from investment advisor to reshaphing its responsibility in the credit rating activities. Regulatory and supervision function of OJK should be performed intensively and involving cross directorate in accordance to the role of OJK in financial services sector."

"Salah satu karakteristik dari kepercayaan Shinto dan Buddha adalah kebiasaan mewujudkan roh atau kami ke dalam objek alam. Ishimure Michiko menggunakan karakteristik tersebut sebagai bagian dari kritik terhadap modernitas yang merusak alam dengan cara menghadirkan karakter non-manusia sebagai entitas yang memiliki agensi dan subjektifitas yang serupa dengan karakter manusia. Menurut teori realisme animis yang dikemukakan oleh Harry Garuba, dengan penggambaran tersebut, sebuah karya sastra bisa mematerialisasi atau mewujudkan ide-ide abstrak. Dalam kasus Tenko, agensi dan subjektifitas non-manusia dapat mematerialisasikan ide pembungkaman alam oleh modernitas.

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One of the characteristics of Japanese Buddhist and Shinto belief is the habit of ‘locking’ spirits within the natural world. Ishimure Michiko makes use of this as a way to critique modernity, specifically on how it destroys nature. Ishimure does this through the realist presentation of animist conception of the world that portrays non-human characters as beings with agency and subjectivity. According to Harry Garuba’s theory of animist realism, a realist presentation of an animist world in fiction allows for the materialization of abstract ideas. In the case of Tenko, non-human agency and subjectivity materializes the idea that nature has been silenced."

"There are two main reasons serving as a background for which this research is titled "The Strategy of The Indonesia National News Agency ANTARA in The Global Information Business (A Descriptive Analysis of ANTARA's Competitive Strategy at National and International Levels)". Firstly, ANTARA is facing a serious threat in its information business in the era of globalization as a results of information and communication technology revolution. Secondly, ANTARA has great potentials to competition if it adopts and applies a precise competition strategy.

Therefore, this research will answer the question "How should ANTARA's strategy be?" To answer this question, this research analyzes ANTARA's posisition and condition in the face of the competition, and the internal and external factors which can influence ANTARA's competitiveness nowadays.

Using a descriptive qualitative analytical method, and based on Michael E. Porter's theory on The Five Forces of Competitive Advantage and The Generic Competitive Strategy, this research explains the development of ANTARA since its founding as a news agency of struggle until its entry into competitive business era. SWOT technique are also used to analyze the internal and external factors that influence ANTARA's competitiveness besides TOWS Matrix.

In the I980s, ANTARA's business with international news agencies developed rapidly, as it indirectly received "protection" from the Indonesian government, Under the Information Minister's regulation of 1972, any foreign news agency wishing to operate in Indonesia is required to have local partner and many foreign news agencies have chosen ANTARA as their local partner due to its wide networks.

The era of globalization and reform has made ANTARA's business uncertain. Many newcomers got involved in information business, making competition among news providers tighter. Foreign partners started to reduce ANTARA's revenues from their cooperation which have so far been the main pillar for ANTARA's survival. The sale of ANTARA's pure products accounts for less than 20 percent of ITS annual budget. Many efforts have been made by ANTARA to solve its financial problems, including applying efficient management principles and setting up some strategic business units, but they have not made optimum profit.

One of ANTARA's weaknesses rests with its competition strategy. Its production and sales mechanism tends to follow the old pattern, focuses on traditional customers and doesn't see the bigger opportunities yet.

This research offers ANTARA Porter's competitive generic strategy, namely low cost strategy, differentiation strategy, and differentiation focus strategy. The application of its of this strategies depend on types of products, market segments, and distribution channels. Of course, the application of these strategies must be accompanied by the development of technology and human resources. Multilateral cooperation with other national news agencies must have adequate attention because it will make way for the quick distribution of ANTARA's products to other countries."