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"ABSTRAKTulisan karya akhir ini mencoba membahas keterlibatan anak dalam prostitusi yang bukan hanya disebabkan oleh faktor ekonomi. Lemahnya ikatan sosial dengan keluarga dan lingkungan juga dapat menjadi faktor pendukung anak terlibat prostitusi. Tulisan ini menggunakan konsep viktimisasi struktural yang menjelaskan bahwa seseorang dapat menjadi korban karena status yang dimilikinya. Ikatan sosial yang lemah dapat membuat anak terlibat dalam prostitusi karena orangtua tidak menjalankan peran perlindungannya dengan baik sehingga dapat menjerumuskan anak ke dunia prostitusi. Sumber data sekunder digunakan untuk menjadi bahan analisis tulisan ini. Kesimpulan dari tulisan ini melihat bahwa anak yang terlibat dalam prostitusi dikarenakan ikatan sosial dengan keluarga dan lingkungan yang lemah serta orangtua yang mungkin menjadikan anak sebagai korban.

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ABSTRACTThe writing of this final paper attempts to discuss the involvement of children in prostitution which is not only caused by economic factor but also the lack of social bond with family and neighborhood can support children to involved in prostitution. This paper uses structural victimization concept which explains that a person can be a victim because of the status he or she has. The lack of social bond can cause children to involved prostitution, parents who do not do their role in protecting children properly can plunge their children in prostitution. Secondary data source is used in this paper as an analysis source for this writing. The conclusion of this paper sees that children who involved prostitution are caused by the lack of social bond with family and neighborhood and parents who made their children as a victim. "

"In July 2012, Indonesia enacted landmark legislation to reform the juvenile justice system. The Juvenile Justice Act is a break through which constituted to protect the rights of children in the juvenile justice system. This Act explicitly includes the principle of restorative justice, a principle that guarantees the government?s commitment to use rehabilitative and restorative approaches. The question that arises now is how this law can be satisfied through the implementation of the Act. Specifically, this paper will focus on how the restorative justice principle can be applied to juvenile commit sexual offense. This paper, learning from the United State?s rehabilitation system, will offer some suggestions to form the rehabilitation process for juvenile sex offenders in Indonesia, such as enhancing research about juveniles commit sexual offense; improving the law and regulation; and implementing counseling, supervised group homes, and other support mechanisms. Pada bulan Juli 2012, Indonesia memberlakukan undang-undang yang penting untuk mereformasi sistem peradilan anak. Undang-Undang Pengadilan Anak merupakan terobosan yang dibentuk untuk melindungi hak-hak anak dalam sistem peradilan anak. Undang-Undang ini secara eksplisit memasukkan prinsip keadilan restoratif, prinsip yang menjamin komitmen pemerintah untuk menggunakan pendekatan rehabilitatif dan restoratif. Pertanyaan yang muncul sekarang adalah bagaimana hukum ini dapat dipenuhi melalui penerapan Undang-Undang. Secara khusus, tulisan ini akan berfokus pada bagaimana prinsip keadilan restoratif dapat diterapkan terhadap remaja yang melakukan pelanggaran seksual. Tulisan ini, belajar dari sistem rehabilitasi Negara Amerika Serikat, akan menawarkan beberapa saran untuk membentuk proses rehabilitasi bagi pelaku remaja pelanggaran seksual di Indonesia, seperti meningkatkan penelitian mengenai remaja yang melakukan pelanggaran seksual; meningkatkan hukum dan peraturan; melaksanakan konseling, kelompok rumah yang diawasi, dan mekanisme pendukung lainnya."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan memahami perubahan prosedur dispensasi kawin setelah diterbitkannya Peraturan Mahkamah Agung (Perma) No. 5 Tahun 2019 serta implikasinya terhadap penetapan dispensasi kawin di Pengadilan Agama Polewali Mandar. Penelitian disusun dengan menggunakan metode doktrinal dengan studi kasus pada dua penetapan dispensasi kawin yang dipilih. Data diperoleh melalui studi dokumen dan wawancara dengan pihak terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Perma No. 5 Tahun 2019 memberikan pedoman yang lebih ketat dalam proses permohonan dispensasi kawin, dengan tujuan untuk melindungi hak anak dan mengurangi angka pernikahan usia dini. Studi kasus pada Penetapan Nomor 1/Pdt.P/2023/PA.Pwl dan Nomor 121/Pdt.P/2024/PA.Pwl mengungkapkan adanya peningkatan tuntutan pembuktian bagi pemohon dispensasi serta peran aktif hakim dalam menggali alasan dan urgensi permohonan. Penetapan dalam kedua kasus tersebut mencerminkan penerapan Perma No. 5 Tahun 2019 yang lebih detail dan berorientasi pada perlindungan kepentingan terbaik anak. Perma No. 5 Tahun 2019 berpengaruh signifikan terhadap proses dan hasil putusan dispensasi kawin di Pengadilan Agama Polewali Mandar, dengan adanya penekanan pada aspek perlindungan anak dan kepentingan terbaik anak sebagai prioritas utama.

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The objective of this study is to examine the changes in marriage dispensation procedures that took place after the issuance of Supreme Court Regulation (Perma) No. 5 of 2019 and its implications for the determination of marriage dispensation in the Polewali Mandar Religious Court. The research was prepared using the doctrinal method with case studies on two selected marriage dispensation decisions. Data were obtained through document studies and interviews with relevant parties. The findings indicate that Perma No. 5 of 2019 introduces stricter guidelines for the marriage dispensation application process, aimed at safeguarding children's rights and reducing the incidence of early marriages. Case studies of Stipulations No. 1/Pdt.P/2023/PA.Pwl and No. 121/Pdt.P/2024/PA.Pwl reveal an increase in evidentiary requirements for dispensation applicants and the active role of judges in exploring the reasons and urgency of the application. The stipulations in both cases reflect a more thorough application of Perma No. 5/2019 and prioritize the protection of the child's best interests.. Perma No. 5/2019 has a significant effect on the process and outcome of marriage dispensation decisions at the Polewali Mandar Religious Court, with a focus on child protection and prioritizing the best interests of the child."

"Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh masih maraknya kasus penganiayaan anak karena kondisi kerentanan yang dimiliki anak. Data statistik yang akurat mengenai penganiayaan sulit dikumpulkan sebab isu perlindungan anak layaknya fenomena gunung es di mana banyak kasus tidak terlaporkan karena keengganan korban untuk melapor dan mencari bantuan, serta isu ini masih dianggap tabu oleh banyak masyarakat. Masyarakat mempunyai potensi untuk mendukung perlindungan anak di komunitasnya. ChildSafe Agent merupakan masyarakat lokal yang digandeng Yayasan Teman Baik sebagai aktivis perlindungan anak untuk turut berperan melindungi anak di komunitas mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan, (1) untuk menggambarkan peran ChildSafe Agent dalam upaya perlindungan anak berbasis masyarakat, (2) untuk mendeskripsikan kendala yang dihadapi ChildSafe Agent dalam mewujudkan upaya perlindungan anak berbasis masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif, basic research, dan cross-sectional research, dengan teknik pengumpulan data kualitatif melalui studi dokumen, wawancara, dan observasi. Adapun teknik pemilihan informan dengan menggunakan purposive sampling, yang melibatkan 10 informan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam kurun waktu 9 bulan, dimulai dari bulan Maret 2023 sampai dengan Mei 2023 serta dari bulan Februari 2024 sampai dengan bulan Juni 2024. Penelitian ini berlokasi di dua komunitas dampingan Yayasan Teman Baik yang menjadi komunitas awal terbentuknya ChildSafe Agent. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ChildSafe Agent berbagai peran dalam aspek pencegahan, pelaporan, dan penanganan yang terdiri dari (1) peran fasilitatif, mencakup animasi sosial, mediasi dan negosiasi, pemberi dukungan, fasilitasi kelompok, mengorganisir, serta komunikasi personal, (2) peran edukasional, mencakup membangkitkan kesadaran masyarakat, menyampaikan informasi, serta (3) peran representasional, mencakup hubungan masyarakat, dan mencarikan sumber daya. Adapun, kendala yang dihadapi dalam menjalankan peran- perannya tersebut terdiri dari, (1) kendala dari ChildSafe Agent, mencakup kesibukan pribadi, dan keterbatasan ekonomi untuk biaya akomodasi pribadi saat mendampingi kasus, (2) kendala dari penerima manfaat, mencakup calon dan/atau penerima manfaat kurang kooperatif, dan penerima manfaat ketergantungan, serta (3) kendala dari komunitas mencakup sulitnya mengumpulkan masyarakat untuk kegiatan semacam sosialisasi, dan tantangan dalam pengawasan sebab kebiasaan anak di komunitas bermain hingga larut malam. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa ChildSafe Agent memiliki berbagai peran sebagai perpanjangan tangan lembaga di komunitas. Di dalam melakukan perannya tersebut, terdapat beberapa kendala yang dihadapi ChildSafe Agent, sehingga dibutuhkan sinergitas lebih lagi dengan lembaga untuk mewujudkan upaya perlindungan anak berbasis masyarakat yang berkelanjutan.

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This research is motivated by the fact that there are still many cases of child maltreatment due to the child's vulnerability. Accurate statistical data regarding child maltreatment is difficult to collect because the issue of child protection is like an iceberg phenomenon where many cases are not reported due to the reluctance of victims to report and seek help, and this issue is still considered taboo by many people. In this case, society has the potential to support child protection in their communities. ChildSafe Agents are local communities who collaborate with Yayasan Teman Baik as child protection activists to participate in protecting children in their community. This research aims, (1) to describe the role of ChildSafe Agents in community-based child protection efforts, (2) to describe the obstacles faced by ChildSafe Agents in realizing community-based child protection efforts. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive research, basic research, and cross-sectional research, with qualitative data collection techniques through document study, interviews, and observation. The informant selection technique used purposive sampling, involving 10 informants. This research was carried out over a period of 9 months, starting from March 2023 to May 2023 and from February 2024 to June 2024. This research was located in two communities assisted by the Yayasan Teman Baik which were the initial communities for the formation of ChildSafe Agent. The research results show that the ChildSafe Agent has various roles in the aspects of prevention, reporting, and handling consisting of (1) facilitative roles, including social animation, mediation and negotiation, support, group facilitation, organizing, and personal communication, (2) educational roles, includes consciousness raising, informing, as well as (3) representational roles, including public relations, and obtaining resources. Meanwhile, the obstacles faced in carrying out these roles consist of, (1) obstacles from ChildSafe Agents, including personal busyness, and economic limitations to the cost of personal accommodation when accompanying cases, (2) obstacles from beneficiaries, including candidates and or beneficiaries who are less cooperative, and dependent beneficiaries, and (3) obstacles from the community including the difficulty of gathering the community for activities such as socialization, and challenges in supervision because of the habit of children in the community playing until late at night. Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that ChildSafe Agents have various roles as an extension of institutions in the community. In carrying out this role, there are several obstacles faced by ChildSafe Agents, so more synergy is needed with institutions to realize sustainable community-based child protection efforts."

"[ABSTRAKPenelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif tentang Upaya Preventif ChildProtection Networks Dalam Merespon Kekerasan Terhadap Anak, di Kota Dili,Timor-Leste. Child Protection Networks dibentuk oleh Pemerintah DemokratikTimor-Leste, yakni Kementrian Solidaritas Sosial dalam rangka merespon kekerasanterhadap anak. Pelaksanaan kegiatan mobilisasi sosial dalam rangka upaya preventifterahadap kekerasan anak di Dili masih pada tingkat pemahaman mendasar tentanghak-hak anak dan perlindungan anak. Faktor pendukung mobilisasi sosail antara lainadanya partisipasti stakeholder, serta komitmen pemeritntah dalam pelakasanaannya.Faktor penghambat yang mempengaruhi pelaksanaan kegiatan mobilisasi sosialdiantaranya: kurangnya ketrampilan staff, pergantian staff, ketergantugan pada donor,dan kurangnya transparansi dalam pelaporan keuangan.

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ABSTRACTThis is a qualitative research about the Prevention Effort of Child ProtectionNetworks in Responding Child Abuses in Dili, Timor-Leste. Child ProtectionNetworks was established by the Democratic Government of Timor-Leste, Ministryof Social Solidarity in responding to child abuses. The implementation of socialmobilization activities as a prevention effort in responding child abuses in Dili is stillon the basic level of child rights and child protection. The contributing factors ofsocial mobilization activities such as participation of stakeholders as well as thecommitment of the government on its implementation. The inhibiting factors thateffected the implementation of social mobilization activities such as: lack of skilledstaff, turn-over staff, dependency to donor, and less transparency in budget reporting;This is a qualitative research about the Prevention Effort of Child ProtectionNetworks in Responding Child Abuses in Dili, Timor-Leste. Child ProtectionNetworks was established by the Democratic Government of Timor-Leste, Ministryof Social Solidarity in responding to child abuses. The implementation of socialmobilization activities as a prevention effort in responding child abuses in Dili is stillon the basic level of child rights and child protection. The contributing factors ofsocial mobilization activities such as participation of stakeholders as well as thecommitment of the government on its implementation. The inhibiting factors thateffected the implementation of social mobilization activities such as: lack of skilledstaff, turn-over staff, dependency to donor, and less transparency in budget reporting, This is a qualitative research about the Prevention Effort of Child ProtectionNetworks in Responding Child Abuses in Dili, Timor-Leste. Child ProtectionNetworks was established by the Democratic Government of Timor-Leste, Ministryof Social Solidarity in responding to child abuses. The implementation of socialmobilization activities as a prevention effort in responding child abuses in Dili is stillon the basic level of child rights and child protection. The contributing factors ofsocial mobilization activities such as participation of stakeholders as well as thecommitment of the government on its implementation. The inhibiting factors thateffected the implementation of social mobilization activities such as: lack of skilledstaff, turn-over staff, dependency to donor, and less transparency in budget reporting]"

"Tesis ini memuat pembahasan terkait tindak pidana narkotika yang dilakukan oleh anak dengan mengacu pada Undang-Undang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak UU SPPA dan Undang-Undang Narkotika, dimana dalam penelitian ini akan dibahas proses restorative justice yang tidak terlaksana dengan maksimal khususnya bagi anak pelaku tindak pidana narkotika. Penjatuhan sanksi pidana penjara kepada anak pelaku tindak pidana narkotika menjadi timpang ketika UU SPPA dan UU Narkotika yang menitikberatkan proses rehabilitasi bagi pecandu dan penyalah guna narkotika, justru tidak diterapkan oleh aparat penegak hukum. Selain itu, tesis ini membahas dan menguraikan faktor-faktor penyebab anak melakukan tindak pidana narkotika dan perbandingan penanganan anak pelaku tindak pidana narkotika di beberapa lembaga. Penelitian ini bersifat yuridis-normatif, dimana penulis mengaji Undang-Undang yang kemudian dikaitkan dengan sejauh mana peraturan tersebut diterapkan dan berlaku di masyarakat. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkap faktor penyebab anak menjadi pelaku tindak pidana narkotika, yang terdiri atas faktor internal dan eksternal, kemudian penerapan sanksi kepada anak pelaku tindak pidana narkotika yang belum terlaksana dengan maksimal berdasarkan UU SPPA dan UU Narkotika, serta perbedaan penanganan pidana terhadap anak pelaku tindak pidana narkotika yang dilaksanakan di LPKA Jakarta, BNN LIDO, dan RSKO Jakarta. Meskipun ketiga lembaga tersebut memiliki fungsi yang sama bagi perbaikan para pelaku tindak pidana narkotika, namun ternyata masih terdapat banyak celah jika dilihat dari segi penanganannya, diantaranya adalah proses rehabilitasi serta program-program yang dilaksanakan didalam ketiga lembaga tersebut.

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This thesis discusses about the narcotic crime whos committed by children, referring to the Child Criminal Justice System Act and Narcotics Act, this study discussed about the process of restorative justice that wasn 39 t implemented maximally, especially for the child of the perpetrators narcotic crime. Decision of the jail punishment to child drug abusers could be judged didn rsquo t accordance with a Child Criminal Justice System Act and Narcotics Act which have a priority for doing a rehabilitation and isn rsquo t applied by law enforcement officers. This study is juridical normative, which an authors review is an act and will be associated with the extent to the rules was applied in the society.

The results of this study express the causing factors of why a child be a perpetrators of narcotics crime, which consist by internal and external factors, then an application of sanctions to children whos carry out in narcotics crime that has not been implemented maximally based on SPPA Act and Narcotics Act, and a difference of criminal treatment for a child drug abusers in LPKA Jakarta, BNN LIDO, and RSKO Jakarta. Although they have a same function for handle a child drug abusers, but there is something different between the rehabilitation process and the programs implemented. "

"Penelitian ini membahas tentang pemenuhan hak identitas anak melalui pelibatan masyarakat untuk mengembangkan model perlindungan anak berbasis komunitas. Pendekatan penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif dan penelitian aksi sebagai strategi penelitiannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya kesenjangan antara kebijakan pemerintah dengan realitas di masyarakat dalam pemenuhan hak identitas anak. Peran pekerja masyarakat diperlukan untuk memberdayakan masyarakat khususnya orang tua agar mampu melakukan perannya. Pemerintah, pekerja masyarakat dan tokoh masyarakat perlu bersinergi membuat strategi agar partisipasi masyarakat berjalan secara efektif dalam mengembangkan model perlindungan anak berbasis komunitas.

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This research is about fulfillment of the child’s rights identity through community involvement to develop a child protection model with community-based approach. This research used a qualitative approach with descriptive type and action research as the strategy. The result shows the gap between government policy and the reality in community in fulfilling the child's rights of identity. The community workers is needed to empower people, especially the parents to be able to perform their roles. Goverment, community workers and community leader have to work together in making a strategy so the community have a child protection model with community-based approach."