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Muhammad Ihsan Azizi
"ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Penurunan tekanan pada kabin pesawat dapat mencetuskan gejala hipoksia pada penderita Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronik (PPOK). Saat ini belum ada laporan mengenai profil gejala hipoksia saat penerbangan dan gambaran penilaian kelaikan terbang berdasarkan kemungkinan kejadian hipoksia saat penerbangan pada jemaah haji dengan PPOK. Tujuan: Mengetahui profil pasien PPOK yang mengalami gejala hipoksia saat penerbangan dan penilaian kelaikan terbang tanpa menggunakan oksigen berdasarkan fungsi faal paru, saturasi oksigen dan aktifitas berjalan lebih dari 50 meter pada jemaah haji dengan PPOK. Metode: Studi kohort prospektif yang dilakukan pada jemaah haji Embarkasi Jakarta dengan PPOK saat pelaksanaan ibadah haji tahun 2011. Hasil: Pada studi ini didapatkan 36 subyek jemaah haji dengan PPOK. Pada penilaian pra-keberangkatan didapatkan 33 subyek yang dinilai laik terbang tanpa menggunakan oksigen. Saat penerbangan didapatkan tiga subyek mengalami gejala hipoksia. Dua orang berasal dari kelompok yang dinilai laik terbang tanpa menggunakan oksigen dan satu orang dari kelompok yang dinilai laik terbang dengan menggunakan oksigen. Karakterisitik subyek yang mengalami gejala hipoksia didapatkan pada perokok aktif (10,5%), tidak terdiagnosis PPOK sebelumnya (8,8%), PPOK derajat sedang (9,5%), usia lebih dari 60 tahun (5,3%) dan adanya komorbiditas (4,2%). Kesimpulan: Sebagian besar penderita PPOK dapat melakukan penerbangan tanpa menggunakan oksigen.

ABSTRACT
Background: The decreased pressure in aircraft cabins may cause hypoxia symptoms in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Currently, there is no publication known to have reported the profile in-flight hypoxia symptoms and pre-flight medical screening to predict the need for oxygen supplementation in COPD pilgrims. Objective: To obtain profile of in-flight hypoxia and pre-flight assessment for fitness to fly without oxygen supplementation based on pulmonary function test, oxygen saturation, and the ability to walk more than 50 meters among pilgrims with COPD. Methods: This is a cohort-prospective study which was conducted during pilgrimage season during hajj year of 2011. Results: Thirty three COPD patients were identified and subsequently recruited to this study. Pre-flight medical assesment concluded that 33 subject were fit to fly without supplemental oxygen. Nevertheless, three subject developed in-flight hypoxia symptoms i.e. two of them were fit to fly without supplemental oxygen, while another subject was recommended to have supplemental oxygen. Characteristics of subjects with in-flight hypoxia were as follows: (10.5%) current smokers, (8.8%) not known to have COPD prior to health examination, (9.5%) moderate COPD category, (5,3%) above 60 years of age, and (4,2%) with comorbidity. Conclusion: Most pilgrims with COPD were fit to fly without oxygen supplementation."
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2014
T-Pdf
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Efriadi
"ABSTRAK
Latar belakang : Penelitian ini merupakan studi awal untuk mengukur kapasitas
difusi paru DLCO-SB ipada pasien PPOK di RSUP Persahabatan Jakarta untuk
mengetahui prevalens penurunan nilai DLCO pada pasien PPOK.
Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi potong lintang (cross sectional
study) pada pasien PPOK yang berkunjung di Poliklinik Asma-PPOK RSUP
Persahabatan Jakarta. Dilakukan uji spirometri dan DLCO pada pasien PPOK
yang diambil secara konsekutif antara bulan Mei-Juli 2015. Komorbiditas juga
dicatat.
Hasil : Uji Spirometri and DLCO dilakukan pada 65 subjek didapatkan 7 subjek
(10,8%) termasuk kedalam PPOK Grup A, 19 subjek (29,2%) PPOK Grup B, 21
subjek (32,3%) PPOK grup C dan 18 subjek (27,7%) PPOK grup D. rerata usia
64,15 (45-89) tahun;rerata VEP
1
% 46,05%, rerata nilai DLCO 19,42
ml/menit/mmHg dan rerata DLCO % adalah 72.00%. prevalens penurunan
DLCO pasien PPOK adalah 56,92% (37/65 subjek) sedangkan 28 subjek dengan
nilai DLCO normal. Ditemukan 15 subjek (23,07%) dengan penurunan ringan, 18
subjek (27.69%) penurunan sedang dan 4 subjek (6,15%) dengan penurunan berat.
Ditemukan 47 subjek (72,3%) memiliki komorbid. Terdapat hubungan bermakna
antara grup PPOK, derajat spirometri, VEP
1
, IMT dan komorbiditas dengan nilai
hasil uji DLCO. Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara nilai DLCO dengan
jenis kelamin, umur, riwayat merokok, Indeks Brinkmann, obstruksi-restriksi dan
lama terdiagnosis PPOK.
Kesimpulan : Proporsi penurunan nilai DLCO pada pasien PPOK adalah
56,92%. Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara grup PPOK, derajat spirometri,
VEP
1
, IMT dan riwayat TB dengan nilai hasil uji DLCO. Tidak terdapat
hubungan bermakna antara nilai DLCO dengan jenis kelamin, umur, riwayat
merokok, Indeks Brinkmann, obstruksi-restriksi, komorbid dan lama terdiagnosis
PPOK.ABSTRACT
Background and the aim of study : This is a preliminary study to measure
DLCO-SB in COPD patients in Persahabatan Hospital. The aim of the study is to
know the magnitude of disturbance in diffusing capacity of the lung in COPD
patients.
Methods : This was a cross sectional study in which COPD patients attending
COPD-Asthma clinic in Persahabatan Hospital Jakarta were performed spirometry
and DLCO-SB consecutively between May 2015?July 2015. Comorbidities
conditions were also recorded.
Results : Spirometry and DLCO-SB measurement were conducted on 65 COPD
subjects of which 7 subjects (10.8%) were COPD Group A, 19 subjects (29.2%)
were Group B, 21 subjects (32.3%) were COPD group C and 18 subjects (27.7%)
were COPD group D. The mean age was 64.15 (45-89); mean FEV
1
% was
46.05%, mean DLCO measured was 19.42 ml/min/mmHg and the mean DLCO%
was 72.00%. The prevalence of decreasing in diffusing capacity of the lung in
COPD patients was 56.92% (37 subjects) While 28 subjects were normal. There
were 15 subjects (23.07%) with mild decrease in DLCO, 18 subjects (27.69%)
were moderate decrease and 4 subjects (6.15%) with severe decrease. 47 subjects
(72.3%) had comorbid conditions. There was significant correlation between grup
COPD, GOLD COPD grade, VEP
1
, BMI and comorbidities with magnitude of
decreasing DLCO value. There was no correlation between DLCO value with sex,
smoking history, Brinkmann index, age, obstruction-mix criteria, length of COPD
period.
Conclusion : The proportion of decreasing in DLCO in COPD patients are
56.92%. There is significant correlation among the group of COPD, GOLD
COPD grade, VEP
1
, BMI and previous TB history with magnitude of decreasing
DLCO value. There is no correlation between DLCO value with sex, smoking
history, brinkmann index, age, obstruction-mix criteria, comorbidities and length
of COPD period. ;Background and the aim of study : This is a preliminary study to measure
DLCO-SB in COPD patients in Persahabatan Hospital. The aim of the study is to
know the magnitude of disturbance in diffusing capacity of the lung in COPD
patients.
Methods : This was a cross sectional study in which COPD patients attending
COPD-Asthma clinic in Persahabatan Hospital Jakarta were performed spirometry
and DLCO-SB consecutively between May 2015?July 2015. Comorbidities
conditions were also recorded.
Results : Spirometry and DLCO-SB measurement were conducted on 65 COPD
subjects of which 7 subjects (10.8%) were COPD Group A, 19 subjects (29.2%)
were Group B, 21 subjects (32.3%) were COPD group C and 18 subjects (27.7%)
were COPD group D. The mean age was 64.15 (45-89); mean FEV
1
% was
46.05%, mean DLCO measured was 19.42 ml/min/mmHg and the mean DLCO%
was 72.00%. The prevalence of decreasing in diffusing capacity of the lung in
COPD patients was 56.92% (37 subjects) While 28 subjects were normal. There
were 15 subjects (23.07%) with mild decrease in DLCO, 18 subjects (27.69%)
were moderate decrease and 4 subjects (6.15%) with severe decrease. 47 subjects
(72.3%) had comorbid conditions. There was significant correlation between grup
COPD, GOLD COPD grade, VEP
1
, BMI and comorbidities with magnitude of
decreasing DLCO value. There was no correlation between DLCO value with sex,
smoking history, Brinkmann index, age, obstruction-mix criteria, length of COPD
period.
Conclusion : The proportion of decreasing in DLCO in COPD patients are
56.92%. There is significant correlation among the group of COPD, GOLD
COPD grade, VEP
1
, BMI and previous TB history with magnitude of decreasing
DLCO value. There is no correlation between DLCO value with sex, smoking
history, brinkmann index, age, obstruction-mix criteria, comorbidities and length
of COPD period. ;Background and the aim of study : This is a preliminary study to measure
DLCO-SB in COPD patients in Persahabatan Hospital. The aim of the study is to
know the magnitude of disturbance in diffusing capacity of the lung in COPD
patients.
Methods : This was a cross sectional study in which COPD patients attending
COPD-Asthma clinic in Persahabatan Hospital Jakarta were performed spirometry
and DLCO-SB consecutively between May 2015?July 2015. Comorbidities
conditions were also recorded.
Results : Spirometry and DLCO-SB measurement were conducted on 65 COPD
subjects of which 7 subjects (10.8%) were COPD Group A, 19 subjects (29.2%)
were Group B, 21 subjects (32.3%) were COPD group C and 18 subjects (27.7%)
were COPD group D. The mean age was 64.15 (45-89); mean FEV
1
% was
46.05%, mean DLCO measured was 19.42 ml/min/mmHg and the mean DLCO%
was 72.00%. The prevalence of decreasing in diffusing capacity of the lung in
COPD patients was 56.92% (37 subjects) While 28 subjects were normal. There
were 15 subjects (23.07%) with mild decrease in DLCO, 18 subjects (27.69%)
were moderate decrease and 4 subjects (6.15%) with severe decrease. 47 subjects
(72.3%) had comorbid conditions. There was significant correlation between grup
COPD, GOLD COPD grade, VEP
1
, BMI and comorbidities with magnitude of
decreasing DLCO value. There was no correlation between DLCO value with sex,
smoking history, Brinkmann index, age, obstruction-mix criteria, length of COPD
period.
Conclusion : The proportion of decreasing in DLCO in COPD patients are
56.92%. There is significant correlation among the group of COPD, GOLD
COPD grade, VEP
1
, BMI and previous TB history with magnitude of decreasing
DLCO value. There is no correlation between DLCO value with sex, smoking
history, brinkmann index, age, obstruction-mix criteria, comorbidities and length
of COPD period. "
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2015
SP-PDF
UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Evelsha Azzahra
"Latar belakang dan tujuan: Sindrom metabolik merupakan penyakit komorbid yang sering ditemui pada pasien PPOK. Keadaan inflamasi sistemik diperkirakan mempengaruhi keadaan PPOK dan sindrom metabolik. Keterbatasan aktivitas, disfungsi otot rangka, dan penggunaan steroid juga merupakan penyebab penting sindrom metabolik pada PPOK. Sindrom metabolik pada PPOK dapat meningkatkan angka kematian dan kesakitan yang disebabkan oleh penyakit kardiovaskular. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalens sindrom metabolik pada PPOK stabil.
Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang yang dilakukan di poliklinik asma ndash; PPOK Rumah sakit umum pusat Persahabatan pada bulan Mei - November 2017 untuk melihat kejadian sindrom metabolik pada pasien PPOK. Enam puluh empat pasien PPOK di ambil untuk ikut dalam penelitian ini secara consecutive sampling. Pada semua pasien dilakukan wawancara, pemeriksaan antopometri, pemeriksaan fisis dan pemeriksaan laboratorium.
Hasil : Sebanyak 64 pasien ikut serta dalam penelitian ini dengan subjek terbanyak laki-laki 95,3 . Usia rerata subjek adalah 65,81 9,38. Prevalens sindrom metabolik pada pasien PPOK sebesar 15,6 dengan GOLD 1 sebesar 20 , GOLD 2 sebesar 30 , GOLD 3 sebesar 40 dan GOLD 4 sebesar 10 . Ditemukan hubungan bermakna antara status gizi dengan kejadian sindrom metabolik pada PPOK stabil. Tidak ditemukan hubungan bermakna antara jenis kelamin, usia, status merokok, hambatan aliran udara dan penggunaan kortikosteroid inhalasi dengan kejadian sindrom metabolik pada pasien PPOK stabil.
Kesimpulan : Prevalens sindrom metabolik pada pasien PPOK dalam penelitian ini adalah sebesar 15,6 terutama ditemukan pada GOLD 3.

Background: Metabolic syndrome is a common comorbid disease in COPD patients. Systemic inflammatory conditions can affect the condition of COPD and metabolic syndrome. Activity limitations, skeletal muscle dysfunction, and steroid use are also important causes of metabolic syndrome in COPD. The metabolic syndrome in COPD can increase mortality and morbidity caused by cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study is to reveal the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in stable COPD patients.
Methods: This study is a cross sectional study among stable COPD who visit asthma - PPOK clinic in Persahabatan Hospital from May to November 2017 to get the incidence rate of metabolic syndrome in stable COPD patients. Sixty-four COPD patients were taken to participate in the study on a consecutive sampling basis. All patients were interviewed, antropometric, physical and laboratory examination were done.
Results: A total of 64 patients participated in this study Males = 61, Female = 3 with mean age of the subjects was 65.81 9.38. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in COPD patients was 15.6 with GOLD 1 by 20 , GOLD 2 by 30 , GOLD 3 by 40 and GOLD 4 by 10 . There was a significant association between nutritional status and the incidence of metabolic syndrome in stable COPD. There was no significant association between sex, age, smoking status, airflow resistance and the use of inhaled corticosteroid with the incidence of metabolic syndrome in stable COPD patients.
Conclusion: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in COPD patients in this study is 15.6 especially in GOLD 3."
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2020
Sp-Pdf
UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Ticoalu, Deisy Christine
"ABSTRAK
Latar belakang dan tujuan:Data mengenai pasien PPOK pada ras melanesia belum ada.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui Mengetahui faktor risiko dan nilai uji jalan 6 menit pada pasien PPOK ras Melanesia di Kota Jayapura, Papua.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang yang dilakukan di RSUD Dok II Jayapura.Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada bulan September 2017.Hasil: Pada penelitian ini yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi sebesar 40 pasien PPOK.Faktor risiko pasien PPOK ras Melanesia yang merokok adalah 27 subjek 67,5 , pajanan biomass 18 subjek 45 , ISPA berulang 12 subjek 30 dan IMT kurang 6 subjek 15 , normal 33 subjek 82,5 , lebih 1 subjek 2,5 .Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara kelompok PPOK dengan ISPA berulang p=0,003 , OR 11,67 dengan IK 95 2,2-61,2 .Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara kriteria spirometri berdasarkan GOLD dengan rokok p=0,016 , pajanan biomass p=0,013 , OR 11,76 dengan IK 95 1,31-105,50 , ISPA berulang p=0,041, OR 0,16 dengan IK 95 0,03-0,785 dan IMT p=0,002 .Jarak tempuh uji jalan 6 menit terbanyak pada kelompok 200-300 m dengan 36 subjek 90 .VEP 1prediksi terbanyak adalah 50-80 dengan 30 subjek 75 dengan rerata 58,33 10,083 dan rerata VEP 1 ml adalah 1375 445,88.Pemeriksaan foto toraks pasien PPOK ras melanesia adalah normal sebanyak 38 subjek 95 dan emfisematous 2 subjek 5 .Skor CAT pasien PPOK ras melanesia di RSUD Dok II Jayapura < 10 sebanyak 36 subjek 90 dan > 10 sebanyak 4 subjek 10 dengan hubungan bermakna antara skor CAT dengan kelompok PPOK p=0,042 .Indeks brinkman IB pasien PPOK ras melanesia di RSUD Dok II Jayapura adalah ringan sebanyak 7 subjek 7 , sedang 12 subjek 44 dan berat 8 subjek 30 serta hubungan bermakna antara IB dengan hasil spirometri berdasarkan GOLD p= 0,005 .Faktor komorbid yang didapatkan pada pasien PPOK ras melanesia di RSUD Dok II Jayapura adalah gagal jantung sebanyak 2 subjek 5 . Nilai rerata uji jalan 6 menit m adalah 277,88 32,83 dan VO2 maks ml/Kg/mnt adalah 22,08 1,047 serta tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara kelompok PPOK ras melanesia di RSUD Dok II Jayapura dengan uji jalan 6 menit dan prediksi VO2 maks.Kesimpulan: ISPA berulang, pajanan biomass,rokok, IMT merupakan faktor yang berpengaruh pada PPOK ras melanesia. Uji jalan 6 menit pasien PPOK ras melanesia lebih rendah dibandingkan non melanesia.Kata kunci :Faktor risiko, PPOK, ras melanesia, uji jalan 6 menit.
ABSTRACT
Background and purpose:Data on patients with COPD on melanesian races is not present. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors and 6-minute road test scores in patients with COPD Melanesia in Jayapura City, Papua.Method:This research is cross sectional study conducted in RSUD Dok II Jayapura. Sampling was conducted in September 2017.Result:In this study the inclusion criteria were 40 patients with COPD. Risk factors for COPD patients smoking Melanesia were 27 subjects 67.5 , biomass exposure 18 subjects 45 , recurrent lower inspiratory infection of 12 subjects 30 and BMI less 6 subjects 15 , normal 33 subjects 82.5 , more 1 subject 2.5 . There was a significant relationship between group of COPD with recurrent lower inspiratory infection p = 0,003, OR 11,67 with CI 95 2,2-61,2 . There was significant relation between spirometry criteria based on GOLD with cigarette p = 0,016 , biomass exposure p = 0.013, OR 11.76 with 95 IK 1.31-105.50 , recurrent lower inspiratory infection p = 0.041, OR 0.16 with CI 0.03-0.785 and IMT p = 0.002 . The distance of the 6-minute walking test was highest in the 200-300 m group with 36 subjects 90 .The FEV 1 predicted was 50-80 with 30 subjects 75 with mean of 58.33 10,083 and FEV 1 ml is 1375 445.88. The examination of chest X-rays of patients with COC melanesia is normal for as many as 38 subjects 95 and emfisematous 2 subjects 5 .The CAT scores of melanesian COPD patients in RSUD Dok II Jayapura 10 for 4 subjects 10 with significant association between CAT score and group COPD p = 0,042 . Brinkman index IB of COPD patient melanesia in RSUD Dok II Jayapura was mild s 7 subjects 7 , 12 subjects 44 and weight 8 subjects 30 and significant relationship between IB and spirometry based on GOLD p = 0,005 . The comorbid factor obtained in patients with COPD melanesia in RSUD Dok II Jayapura is a heart failure of 2 subjects 5 . The mean value of the 6-minute walking test m was 277.88 32.83 and the max VO2 ml / Kg / mnt was 22.08 1.047 and there was no significant association between the melanesian rape COPD group in RSUD Dok II Jayapura by testing 6 min walking test and prediction VO2 max.Conclusions: Recurrent acute lower respiratory infection, biomass exposure, cigarette, BMI is a contributing factor in COPD melanesia. The 6-minute road test of COPD patients of melanesia is lower than non melanesia. "
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2018
T58600
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Saragih, Lely N. M.
"Penyakit Paru Obstruksi Kronis (PPOK) merupakan penyakit paru yang menetap yang dapat dicegah dan diobati, ditandai dengan adanya keterbatasan aliran udara yang menetap dan bersifat progresif dikarenakan abnormalitas saluran napas dan/atau alveolus yang biasanya disebabkan oleh pajanan gas atau partikel berbahaya. Laporan ini dimaksudkan untuk menganalisis pemberian Asuhan Keperawatan dengan penerapan Model Adaptasi Roy pada pasien kelolaan utama dan 30 pasien resume dengan menggunakan metode studi kasus, laporan tentang penerapan latihan pernapasan untuk mengurangi sesak dan meningkatkan toleransi aktivitas pada pasien PPOK dan penerapan RDOS untuk menilai tanda-tanda distres pernapasan. Hasil menunjukkan masalah keperawatan yang muncul adalah hambatan pertukaran gas, nutrisi kurang dari kebutuhan tubuh, ketiddakberdayaan dan ketidakefektifan manajemen kesehatan. Model Adaptasi Roy dapat diterapkan dalam asuhan keperawatan pada pasien PPOK untuk mampu beradaptasi terhadap penyakitnya.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a persistent lung disease that can be prevented and treated, characterized by limited persistent and progressive air flow due to airway abnormalities and / or alveoli which is usually caused by exposure to harmful gases or particles. This report aims to analyze the apllication of Roy Adaptation Model to primary care nursing and the 30 patient resumes using case study methods, the application of respiratory training to reduce dispnea and increase activity tolerance in COPD patients and the application of RDOS to assess the signs of respiratory distress. The results showed nursing problems arise were impaired gas exchange, imbalanced nutrition less than body requirements, powerlessness and ineffective health management. Roy  Adaptation Model can be applied in nursing care for patients with COPD  to adapted the ability of their the disease."
Depok: Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Indonesia, 2019
SP-pdf
UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Kiki Aristiawati
"Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronik (PPOK) merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian terbanyak dengan jumlah kematian sekitar 3 juta jiwa atau setara dengan 5,2% dari jumlah
kematian di seluruh dunia. Untuk itu diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai PPOK, namun data yang dikumpulkan dalam penelitian biasanya tidak memuat semua data yang diinginkan. Hilangnya informasi dalam data dikenal dengan istilah missing values yang dapat menjadi masalah untuk semua jenis analisis data. Salah satu cara untuk menangani missing values yaitu dengan melakukan proses imputasi data pada tahap preprocessing untuk mendapatkan data lengkap yang diharapkan mampu meningkatkan akurasi dari analisis data yang dilakukan. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan imputasi menggunakan mean dan Fuzzy C-Means (FCM). FCM merupakan metode pengelompokan yang memungkinkan satu bagian data menjadi milik dua atau lebih kelompok berdasarkan nilai keanggotaannya. Data lengkap hasil imputasi diuji menggunakan metode klasifikasi Decision Tree dengan persentase data training 50%-90% untuk melihat performa dari metode mean dan FCM. Berdasarkan penelitian ini diperoleh nilai akurasi, presisi, dan recall tertinggi untuk klasifikasi data PPOK yang diimputasi menggunakan mean masing-masing sebesar 64,7%, 71%, dan 65%. Sedangkan nilai akurasi, presisi, dan recall tertinggi untuk klasifikasi data PPOK yang diimputasi menggunakan FCM
masing-masing sebesar 78,9%, 85%, dan 79%. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa FCM membantu Decision Tree untuk mengklasifikasikan data lebih baik dengan nilai imputasi yang lebih baik untuk menggantikan missing values.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is one of the most causes of death in the world with around 3 million deaths, equivalent to 5.2% of deaths worldwide. For this reason, further research needs to be done on CPOD, but the data collected in the study often does not contain all the desired data. Loss information in data is called as a missing values which can be a problem for all types of data analysis. One way to handle missing values is by doing the imputation process at the preprocessing stage to obtain complete data which is expected to increase the accuracy of the data analysis performed. In this study, imputation was done using mean and FCM. FCM is a clustering method that allows one part of the data to belong to two or more groups based on their membership function. The complete dataset was trained with Decision Tree classifier with the percentage of data training 50%-90% to observe the performance in terms of accuracy, precision, and recall for mean and FCM method. Based on this study, the highest value of accuracy, precision,
and recall for classification of COPD data imputed using mean of 64.7 %, 71 % and 65 % respectively. While the highest value of accuracy, precision, and recall for classification of COPD data imputed using FCM is 78.9 %, 85 %, and 79 % respectively. These results indicate that FCM helps Decision Tree to classify data better with better imputation values to replace missing values."
Depok: Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Indonesia, 2019
S-pdf
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Nadia Nur Ghania
"Latar belakang: Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronis (PPOK) merupakan masalah kesehatan yang menempati peringkat ketiga penyebab kematian di seluruh dunia. PPOK secara umum dapat terjadi karena adanya paparan zat/partikel secara terus menerus sehingga memicu adanya penyempitan saluran napas. Kabupaten Karawang dan Kota Bogor sebagai wilayah industri dapat memicu peningkatan kejadian PPOK. Selain itu, prevalensi perokok ≥ 35 tahun di Kabupaten Karawang sebesar 63,05% dan Kota Bogor sebesar 56,83% juga dapat meningkatkan kemungkinan terjadinya PPOK.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian PPOK pada penduduk usia ≥ 40 tahun di Kabupaten Karawang dan Kota Bogor tahun 2022.
Metode: Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif dengan desain studi cross-sectional yang menggunakan data deteksi dini PPOK pada tahun 2022.
Hasil: Penelitian ini memperlihatkan adanya faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian PPOK yaitu usia (POR 1,83; 95% CI 0,69 – 4,86; dan POR 17,6; 95% CI 3,60-85,9), riwayat asma (POR 4,84; 95% CI 1,05-22,21), derajat merokok (POR 5,8; 95% CI 2,17-15,50; dan POR 16,61; 95% CI 4,40-62,69), pekerjaan (POR 1,49; 95% CI 0,20-10,68; POR 0,10; 95% CI 0,02-0,46; POR 1,14; 95% CI 0,19-6,91; dan POR 0,03; 95% CI 0,004-0,25) serta konsumsi sayur/buah (POR 8,36; 95% CI 1,93- 36,21).
Kesimpulan: Angka kejadian PPOK yang diketahui sebesar 2,1% memperlihatkan adanya hubungan antara usia, riwayat asma, derajat merokok, pekerjaan, dan konsumsi sayur/buah dengan kejadian PPOK pada penduduk usia ≥ 40 tahun di Kabupaten Karawang dan Kota Bogor tahun 2022.

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a health problem that ranks third as the cause of death worldwide. COPD can generally occur due to continuous exposure to substances/particles that trigger narrowing of the airways. Karawang Regency and Bogor City as industrial areas can trigger an increase in the incidence of COPD. In addition, the prevalence of smokers ≥ 35 years in Karawang Regency is 63.05% and in Bogor City is 56.83%, which can also increase the likelihood of COPD.
Objective: This study aims to determine the factors associated with the incidence of COPD in residents aged ≥ 40 years in Karawang Regency and Bogor City in 2022.
Methods: The method used in this study is a quantitative method with a cross-sectional study design that uses early detection data for COPD in 2022.
Results: This study shows the factors associated with the incidence of COPD, namely age (POR 1,83; 95% CI 0,69 – 4,86; and POR 17,6; 95% CI 3,60-85,9), history of asthma (POR 4.84; 95% CI 1.05-22.21), smoking status (POR 5,8; 95% CI 2,17-15,50; dan POR 16,61; 95% CI 4,40-62,69), occupation (POR 1.49; 95% CI 0.20-10.68; POR 0.10; 95% CI 0.02-0.46; POR 1.14; 95% CI 0.19-6.91; and POR 0.03; 95% CI 0.004-0.25), and consumption of vegetables/fruits (POR 8,36; 95% CI 1,93-36,21).
Conclusion: The incidence rate of COPD is known to be 2.1%, which shows the relationship between age, history of asthma, smoking degree, occupation, and consumption of vegetables/fruits with the incidence of COPD in residents aged ≥ 40 years in Karawang Regency and Bogor City in 2022.
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Depok: Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Indonesia, 2023
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Nenden Nurhasanah
"Penyakit paru obstruktif kronis atau PPOK merupakan penyakit pada sistem pernafasan bagian bawah, yang dipicu oleh berbagai faktor terutama inhalan toksik. Paparan tersebut menghasilkan stress oksidatif yang terakumulasi sehingga menyebabkan inflamasi berkelanjutan. Penyakit ini menempati peringkat ketiga penyebab kematian di dunia. Saat ini, pilihan terapi yang mentarget gen penyebab PPOK belum tersedia. Sehingga dibutuhkan kandidat terapi yang tidak hanya mempunyai potensi sebagai anti oksidan dan anti inflamasi namun juga dapat menghambat ekspresi protein penyebab PPOK. Hingga kini, pemilihan bahan alam sebagai terapi farmakologi banyak diminati masyarakat. Kersen atau Muntingia calabura merupakan tanaman tropis yang mudah ditemukan serta memiliki potensi anti inflamasi dan anti oksidan yang tinggi. Penggunaan etanol 50% sebagai pelarut untuk ekstraksi terbukti memiliki potensi anti oksidan tinggi dan anti-inflamasi, sehingga efek dan analisa molekuler terhadap model PPOK dari ekstrak etanol 50% daun kersen perlu diteliti. Interaksi protein-protein antara target senyawa dengan target PPOK dibuat melalui aplikasi Cytoscape yang kemudian dianalisa kemungkinan jalur pensinyalannya menggunakan David Bioinfomatics. Konfirmasi hubungan antara ligand ekstrak kersen dengan makromolekul target PPOK dilakukan melalui skrining virtual menggunakan Autodock Vina, sedangkan kestabilan ikatan ligand dan makromulekul target dianalisa menggunakan Gromacs selama 10 ns. Selanjutnya konfirmasi in-vivo dilakukan pada hewan model PPOK yang dibentuk selama 15 minggu menggunakan induksi asap rokok (CS) dan lipoposakarida (LPS). Pemberian perlakuan terapi dilakukan satu jam sebelum paparan dengan rokok. Ekstrak etanol 50% daun kersen diberikan secara per-oral dimulai pada minggu ke-9 pada tiga dosis berbeda yaitu 6.5 mg, 13 mg dan 26 mg per 30g berat mencit sedangkan kelompok control positif dilakukan melalui inhalasi budesonide 1mg/kgbb. Parameter yang di analisa meliputi monitoring berat badan hewan, konsentrasi karboksihemoglobin dalam serum dan penanda biologis dengan ELISA dan western blotting. Hasil klastering menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 16 gen potensial yang terlibat pada interaksi protein-protein target PPOK dan target kersen. Kemudian untuk hasil analisa inetraksi protein didapatkan pensinyalan IL-17 merupakan jalur yang dapat diintervensi oleh senyawa-senyawa dalam ekstrak etanol 50% kersen terhadap PPOK. Ligand quercitrin, myritlin dan quercetin dapat berikatan dengan makromolekul IL-17a dengan nilai afinitas ikatan sebesar masing-masing -7.3, -7.1 dan -6.4 kcal/mol. Sedangkan untuk makromolekul hilir dipilih TNF-α yang dapat ditambat oleh ligand quercitrin, hiravanone, ononine sebesar -6.7 kcal/mol dan quercetin sebesar -5.7 kcal/mol. Sementara itu, ikatan antara IL-17a dan quercetin menunjukkan komplek yang stabil dalam waktu 10 ns. Hasil konfirmasi melalui studi in-vivo menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol 50% daun kersen pada dosis 6.5 mg/30g berat mencit terbukti dapat mengurangi infiltrasi sel inflamasi, mereduksi produksi mucus serta menurunkan konsentrasi sitokin IL- 17a dan menghambat ekspresi TNF-α pada paru-paru mencit model PPOK. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol 50% daun kersen berpotensi menjadi kandidat terapi PPOK pada dosis 6.5 mg/30g berat mencit.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD, is a disease that commonly breaks the lower respiratory system triggered by continuous exposure to toxic inhalants resulting in oxidative stress accumulation and cascade inflammation process. COPD is the top three cause of death in the world. Therapeutic options based on COPD-causing target genes are not currently available. A desired therapeutic candidate acts not only as an antioxidant and anti- inflammatory but also inhibits the expression of COPD-causing related genes. In recent years, the use of natural compounds as pharmacological therapy is fascinating. Kersen or Muntingia calabura is a tropical, evergreen, and fast-growing plant that has high anti- inflammatory and antioxidant potential, especially when extracted with ethanol 50%. Therefore, the molecular mechanism of 50% etanol kersen leave extract was engaging to be investigated upon in-vivo COPD model. Protein-protein interactions between compound targets and COPD targets were made using the Cytoscape application which was then analyzed for possible signaling pathways using David Bioinfomatics. Confirmation of the relationship between the ligands of the kersen extract and the COPD target macromolecules was carried out through virtual screening using Autodock Vina, while the stability of the ligand bonds and target macromolecules was analyzed using Gromacs for 10 ns. Furthermore, in-vivo confirmation was carried out in animal models of COPD formed for 15 weeks using cigarette smoke (CS) and lipoposaccharide (LPS) induction. The therapeutic treatment was given one hour before exposure to cigarettes. The 50% ethanol extract of kersen leaves was given orally starting at week 9 at three different doses, 6.5 mg, 13 mg and 26 mg per 30 g weight of mice, while the positive control group was administered via inhalation of budesonide 1 mg/kgbb. The parameters analyzed included monitoring the animal's body weight, carboxyhemoglobin concentration in serum, and IL-17a in BALF by ELISA and last, relative expression of TNF-α by western blotting. Clustering results show that there are 16 potential genes involved in the interaction of COPD target proteins and kersen target proteins. It was found that IL-17 signaling is a pathway that can be intervened by the compounds in 50% kersen ethanol extract against COPD. The ligands quercitrin, myritlin and quercetin can bind to IL-17a macromolecules with binding affinity values of - 7.3, -7.1 and -6.4 kcal/mol, respectively. As for downstream macromolecules, TNF-α was chosen which can be docked by ligands quercitrin, hiravanone, ononine of -6.7 kcal/mol and quercetin of -5.7 kcal/mol. Meanwhile, IL-17a and quercetin showed a stable complex within 10 ns. Confirmation results through in-vivo studies show that 50% ethanol extract of kersen leaves at a dose of 6.5 mg/30g weight of mice is proven to reduce inflammatory cell infiltration, lessen mucus production and lowering the concentration of IL-17a cytokines and inhibit TNF-α expression. So it can be concluded that 50% ethanol extract of kersen leaves has the potential to be a candidate for COPD therapy at a dose of 6.5 mg/30g of mice weight."
Depok: 2023
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UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Chairul Huda
"Keterbatasan aliran udara masuk serta keluar dari paru-paru, gangguan ventilasi saluran pernafasan dan menurunnya kemampuan fungsi kerja otot-otot pernafasan menyebabkan terjadi defisit saturasi oksigen perifer pada pasien PPOK. Masalah defisit saturasi oksigen perifer sangat penting untuk diselesaikan, untuk itu diperlukan berbagai terapi untuk meningkatkan nilai saturasi oksigen pada pasien PPOK, diantaranya adalah Breathing Exercise. Penelitian ini menggunakan Breathing Exercise dengan Teknik Balloon Blowing untuk meningkatkan saturasi perifer pada pasien PPOK. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 46 responden. Metode penelitan ini menggunakan pendekatan Kuantitatif dengan desain Quasy Experimental. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan cara Consecutive Sampling sebanyak 46 responden PPOK yang dibagi kedalam kedua kelompok yaitu Intervensi (23 responden diberikan Balloon Blowing) dan Kontrol (23 responden diberikan Nafas Dalam). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan perubahan rerata nilai pada kelompok intervensi lebih tinggi sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan (Mean 1,61. P-value 0,000), dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (Mean 0,74. P-value 0,032). Rekomendasi, Peneliti mengharapkan lebih banyak penelitian breathing exercise balloon blowing pada pasien PPOK atau gangguan pernapasan dengan jangka waktu penelitian yang lebih lama. Simpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah ada pengaruh pemberian Breathing Exercise Balloon Blowing terhadap peningkatan saturasi oksigen perifer.

Limited airflow into and out of the lungs, impaired ventilation of the respiratory tract and decreased ability of the work function of the respiratory muscles to cause peripheral oxygen saturation deficits in COPD patients. The problem of peripheral oxygen saturation deficit is very important to be solved, therefore various therapies are needed to increase the oxygen saturation value in COPD patients, including Breathing Exercise. This study uses Breathing Exercise with Balloon Blowing Technique to increase peripheral saturation in COPD patients. The sample in this study amounted to 46 respondents. This research method uses a quantitative approach with a Quasy Experimental design. The sampling technique was Consecutive Sampling as many as 46 COPD respondents were divided into two groups, namely Intervention (23 respondents were given Balloon Blowing) and Control (23 respondents were given deep breaths). The results of this study showed that the change in the mean value in the intervention group was higher before and after treatment (Mean 1.61. P-value 0.000), compared to the control group (Mean 0.74. P-value 0.032). Recommendation, Researchers expect more research on breathing exercise balloon blowing in patients with COPD or respiratory disorders with a longer study period. The conclusion in this study is that there is an effect of giving Breathing Exercise Balloon Blowing to increase peripheral oxygen saturation."
Depok: Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Indonesia, 2022
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UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Shinta Kamila
"Penyakit pernapasan kronis seperti asma dan PPOK (Penyakit Paru Obstruksi Kronis) merupakan salah satu dari empat jenis PTM (Penyakit Tidak Menular) terbesar di dunia. Penyakit pernapasan seperti asma dan PPOK membutuhkan pengobatan jangka panjang dan rutin. Sebagian besar pengobatannya adalah dengan rute pemberian obat secara inhalasi. Terapi inhalasi merupakan suatu terapi yang dapat menghantarkan obat langsung ke saluran pernapasan. Terapi ini dapat memberikan onset yang lebih cepat dan menyebabkan efek samping yang cenderung lebih kecil dibandingkan rute lainnya. Dalam pengunaannya tidak semua orang dapat menggunakan sediaan inhalasi dengan tepat dimana hal ini dapat menyebabkan terapi tidak bekerja secara optimal. Cara penggunaan sediaan inhalasi yang tidak tepat dapat mengurangi jumlah pemberian obat pada saluran udara sehingga menurunkan efektivitas dari obat. Maka dari itu, materi edukasi mengenai cara penggunaan sediaan inhalasi yang tepat melalui media leaflet ini disiapkan sebagai sarana edukasi kepada pasien atau masyarakat sehingga terapi inhalasi dapat berjalan dengan optimal.

Chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma and COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) are one of the four largest noncommunicable diseases in the world. Respiratory diseases such as asthma and COPD require long-term and regular treatment. Most of the treatment is by the inhalation route. Inhalation therapy is a therapy that can deliver drugs directly to the respiratory tract. It can provide a faster onset and causes fewer side effects than other routes. Not everyone can use inhalation preparations properly, which can cause the therapy doesn't optimally work. Improper use of inhalation preparations can reduce the amount of drug delivery to the airways, thus reducing the effectiveness of the drug. Therefore, educational material about how to use inhalation preparations through leaflet media is prepared as a means of education to patients or the public so that inhalation therapy can be optimized."
Depok: Fakultas Farmasi Universitas ndonesia, 2023
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UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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