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"ABSTRAKTo implement exclusive breastfeeding program, breastfeeding mothers should have a good knowledge. One way to gain knowledge is by providing nutritional counseling. This study aimed to determine the effect of nutrition counseling toward exclusive breastfeeding and nutritional status toward the knowledge and attitude of breastfeeding mothers in Lubuk Pakam Subdistrict Primary Health Care. This study was a quasi experimental with non-equivalent control group design. Samples of 60 mothers were divided into two groups that were 30 mothers who received intensive nutrition counseling at the intervention group inLubuk Pakam Primary Health Care work area and 30 mothers at control group in Tanjung Morawa Primary Health Care work area. The intervention group was given nutrition counseling intervention for three months provided in three sessions. The study was conducted in March-August 2016. The statistical analysis used t-test. The results showed that before intervention, knowledge and attitude in both groups did not differ consecutively with p value = 0.290 and p value = 0.658, after intervention both knowledge and behavior were significantly different p value = 0.000. While the average weight gain in infants in the first month was 1.25 kg in intervention group, 1.19 kg in control group , and in the second month was 1,44 kg in intervention group and 1 kg in control group. Paired tests show that there is effect of nutritional counseling toward knowledge and attitude in the intervention group."

"Background: Number of patients with tuberculosis (TB) in the region of Surakarta ranked 10th largest in the Central Java, although the government has already implemented the DOTS strategy. One factor contributing to the high number of TB patients is the lack of public knowledge of TB. The population of the city of Surakarta is 552.650 inhabitants and 12.480 of them live in Kalurahan Jagalan. Of the 12,480 people, nearly 60 percent of them have junior high school education and below. This requires education about TB to improve people's understanding of TB with the right method. Objective: to determine the effect of counseling using the lecture method in increasing public knowledge of TB disease in the Sunday Morning Prayer of Jagalan Baiturrohman Mosque. Method: This study used one group pretest and posttest pre-experimental research design involving 84 research subjects. Counseling was conducted with lecture methods on research subjects. Pretest and posttest were conducted to determine the effectiveness of the lecture method counseling. Results: The results showed that the average value of pre-test was 5.48 (1.2) while the average value of the post-test was 7.42 (0.9). The results of the analysis using Wilcoxon statistical test found that there was a significant difference between the mean of the pre-test value with the mean post-test value (p = 0,000). Conclusion: counseling with varied lecture methods is an effective method to increase public knowledge about tuberculosis"

"Elemen yang penting dari manajemen suatu program adalah supervisi. Tanpa adanya supervisi sangat sulit kiranya obyektif suatu program dapat dicapai secara efisien dan efektif. Dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan UPGK di posyandu, pengetahuan dan keterampilan kader dipegaruhi oleh pembinaan dan bimbingan yang dilakukan oleh petugas puskesmas (TPG) pada waktu datang melakukan supervisi ke posyandu. Tetapi kenyataannya pelaksanaan kegiatan UPGK tersebut belum berjalan sebagaimana mestinya. Tentunya banyak faktor yang mempengaruhinya, diantaranya adalah pelaksanaan supervisi yang dilakukan oleh TPG, namun sejauh ini belum banyak diketahui bagaimana pelaksanaan supervisi UPGK yang sebenarnya.Adanya gambaran tentang pelaksanaan kegiatan supervisi UPGK yang dilakukan oleh TPG dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya, adalah merupakan tujuan umum dari penelitian ini. Sedangkan tujuan khususnya adalah diperolehnya gambaran tentang pelaksanaan kegiatan supervisi UPGK yang dilakukan oleh TPG di puskesmas, gambaran tentang karakteristik TPG dan faktor-faktor lain yang dapat mempengaruhi pelaksanaan supervisi UPGK tersebut.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif, dengan melakukan pengamatan terhadap pelaksanaan supervisi yang dilakukan oleh TPG di 4 puskesmas sebanyak 16 kali pengamatan, dan wawancara mendalam (Focus Group Discussion) dengan TPG di 12 puskesmas di Kabupaten Bekasi.Hasil penelitian adalah didapatnya gambaran tentang pelaksanaan supervisi yang dilakukan oleh TPG, dimana jika ditinjau dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pemeriksaan dan tindakan yang dilakukannya, maka supervisi UPGK belum berfungsi sebagai upaya untuk pembinaan, bimbingan dan pengawasan terhadap kader di posyandu. Kegiatannya lebih banyak membantu dan memberikan pelayanan kesehatan kepada masyarakat. Ada beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhinya antara lain karakteristik TPG, sarana, dana, pedoman supervisi dan faktor-faktor yang menghambat lainnya. Namun demikian pelaksanaan supervisi masih bisa berjalan karena adanya faktor-faktor yang mendorong.Saran yang diberikan, antara lain perlu peningkatan pengetahuan dan kemampuan TPG akan program TPGK, peningkatan sistem pengelolaan sarana, adanya pedoman supervisi yang operasional, menekankan akan pentingnya kegiatan supervisi terhadap keberhasilan suatu program, memanfaatkan forum-forum pertemuan yang ada untuk memberikan informasi tentang UPGK, pentingnya keterlibatan sektor lain yang terkait, dan himbauan kepada setiap petugas yang melakukan supervisi ke posyandu agar tidak mementingkan kegiatan salah satu program prioritas saja, tetapi juga program lainnya perlu mendapat perhatian yang sama.Saran lainnya adalah contoh model supervisi dan "check list" supervisi yang mungkin bisa digunakan dan perlu dilakukan uji coba terlebih dahulu.Akhirnya perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut tentang pelaksanaan supervisi TPGK dan faktor-faktor lain diluar faktor-faktor yang telah diamati secara kuantitatif."

"Didalam pelaksanaan pembinaan dewasa ini yang mana menganut prinsip community-based treatment, telah ditentukan program-program yang seharusnya dilaksanakan. Mengenal community-based treatment, berdasarkan sistem pemasyarakatan mengandung dua aspek dalam proses pembinaan. Aspek pembinaan yang institusional yang berlangsung didalam lingkungan bangunan-bangunan tempat penampungan pelanggar-pelanggar hukum dan aspek pembinaan yang non institusional yang berlangsung di tengah-tengah masyarakat. Konsep kepenjaraan - yang lama telah ditinggalkan dan beralih kepada pandangan yang lebih humanis yang semata-mata demi perbaikan diri pribadi seorang narapidana. Mereka diberikan pembinaan, agar kelak bila bebas nantinya mempunyai suatu kapasitas tenentu untuk bisa berintegrasi kembali ditengah-tengah masyarakat. Mereka yang dipidana, hukumannya sangat beragam. Jangka waktu pembinaan memainkan peranan penting didalam pelaksanaan pembinaan. Hal ini bisa menjadi suatu masalah bagi pengaplikasian dari community-based treatment (CBT).Tidak semua narapidana akhirnya bisa mendapatkan keseluruhan program-program pembinaan tersebut, khususnya yang dihukum satu tahun kebawah. Keadaan yang menjadi awal dari semua permasalahan ini harus bisa dicarikan jalan keluarnya. Memang sejak masuk ke dalam penjara, para narapidana telah diberikan program pembinaan, tetapi hanya sebagian saja, sehingga disebut, hanya berorientasi saja kepada CBT. Padahal konsep CBT harus bisa benar-benar dijalankan sebagai tujuan reintegrasi. Didalam kenyataannya fasilitas yang ada, lebih banyak digunakan oleh mereka yang dihukum satu tahun keatas. Peraturan perundang-undangan sangat jelas sekali untuk pidana 1 (satu) tahun lebih, tetapi lemah untuk hukuman kurang dari 1 tahun. Para narapidana memiliki berbagai macam tipikal yang akan menjadi masalah, ketika mereka menerima pembinaan yang ada.

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The treatment implementation for under one-year sentence Inmates. Nowadays, in implementing the treatment programs which is have a community-base treatment principle. that has been determined the programs which supposed to be implemented. Recognizing the community-based treatment, based-on its community system consist two aspects in treatment process. The institutional treatment aspect which is exist in the environment includes the shelters that placing the law-offenders and non-institutional treatment aspects which is exist in the community itself. The old / conventional correctional concept had been left and moving to humane point of view for improving an inmate personality. They have given treatment programs, so if they are being free someday, they will have a capacity to reintegrate in society. They, who has been sentenced, owning the variety of sentence. The period/term of treatment played an important role in implementing the treatment programs. This, can be a problem for the community-based treatment application.

Finally, not all the inmates has got its overall treatment programs, especially those who being under one year sentence. The condition has become the beginning of all this problems which should be solved. Thus, since they have been sentenced, the inmates had given a treatment programs. but they don't get all the treatment programs, so called, its only a CBT concept. Meanwhile, the CBT concept should be really to be implemented as a purpose of reintegration. In fact, the existing facility, has been used by they whose being above one year sentence. Although the procedure has been really clear for over one year sentenced but it's really weak/become a problem for unless of one year sentence. The inmates also have a character which is becoming a problem, when they has received an existing treatment programs. The function of treatment is to rehabilitate and to increasing the capacity. As an organization, correctional institution also have a barriers in reaching their objectives/goals, basically in terms of the official staffs. The above problems/things which is to identify as a problems- that starting in the sentence process (vonis) until the supervision and the treatment, finally should be looking for the right solution."

"In order to further improve the quality of voluntary surgical contraception (VSC) services, since 1984, the VSC counseling services had been provided by the trained midwives, and then in the last five years, also by the trained nurses. The aim of study is to collect information regarding the roles of nurses in comparation to midwives in VSC services.

The method of data collection used was interview and observation towards 117 nurses and midwives who had been trained on VSC counseling technique in 1994. The result of study found our that the rotes of nurses in VSC services are as good as the midwives."