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"Skizofrenia menjadi salah satu masalah gangguan jiwa yang masih dikhawatirkan berbagai negara. Halusinasi termasuk gejala positif yang dapat diamati pada penderita skizofrenia. Halusinasi merupakan stimulus palsu terhadap berbagai panca indra, salah satunya indra penglihatan. Halusinasi ini perlu diatasi karena jika halusinasi tidak terkontrol maka halusinasi dapat memerintahkan klien untuk menyakiti diri atau orang lain. Tujuan penulisan karya ilmiah ini adalah untuk memberikan gambaran hasil analisis proses asuhan keperawatan pada klien yang mengalami gangguan persepsi sensori: halusinasi penglihatan melalui penerapan terapi menggambar. Metode penulisan yang digunakan adalah case-report.  Klien adalah Tn. S berusia 35 tahun yang mengalami halusinasi penglihatan. Upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengontrol halusinasi klien yaitu dengan tindakan keperawatan generalis selama 14 hari dan terapi menggambar dengan media menulis sebagai aktivitas terjadwal selama 10 hari. Terapi menggambar ini diterapkan dengan tujuan mendistraksi klien dari halusinasi serta menulis digunakan sebagai media komunikasi selama pemberian asuhan keperawatan. Hasil penerapan terapi menggambar menunjukkan adanya penurunan tanda gejala halusinasi dari skor 15 menjadi skor 2. Klien juga menunjukkan peningkatan kemampuan dalam mengontrol halusinasi dari 2 kemampuan menjadi 12 kemampuan. Melalui hasil tersebut diharapkan terapi menggambar sebagai aktivitas terjadwal dapat diterapkan sebagai alternatif mengontrol halusinasi penglihatan dalam pemberian asuhan keperawatan di rumah sakit.

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Schizophrenia is one of the mental disorders that is still a concern for many countries. Hallucinations are among the positive symptoms that can be observed in people with schizophrenia. Hallucinations are false stimuli for various senses, one of which is the sense of sight. These hallucinations need to be overcome because if the hallucinations are not controlled then the hallucinations can order the client to hurt themselves or others. The purpose of writing this scientific paper is to provide an overview of the results of the analysis of the nursing care process for clients who experience sensory perception disorders: visual hallucinations through the application of drawing therapy. The writing method used is case-report. The client is Mr. S is 35 years old who experiences visual hallucinations. Efforts were made to control the client's hallucinations with generalist nursing actions for 14 days and drawing therapy using writing media as a scheduled activity for 10 days. Drawing therapy is applied with the aim of distracting clients from hallucinations and writing is used as a medium of communication during the provision of nursing care. The results of applying drawing therapy showed a decrease in hallucination symptoms from a score of 15 to a score of 2. The client also showed an increase in ability to control hallucinations from 2 abilities to 12 abilities. Through these results it is hoped that drawing therapy as a scheduled activity can be applied as an alternative to controlling visual hallucinations in providing nursing care in hospitals."

"Mount Merapi in Central Java is one of the world’s most studied volcanoes. The frequent eruptions of this volcano and the densely populated areas on its slopes make Merapi particularly important to scholars of the natural and social sciences. Considerable attention has been devoted to contemporary aspects of this volcano, including research into forecasting and monitoring possible volcanic activity and eruptions. However, research investigating artistic representations of Merapi in a historical context, particularly local artworks referring to how people responded to a natural hazard such as a volcanic eruption, is still rare. In this paper, I explore how artists in the period 1800-1930 have portrayed the volcanic activities in their drawings and paintings. Various historical data, including newspapers, reports, and records of volcanic eruptions, will be used to help interpret the accuracy of the paintings which depict Merapi at different moments in time. I argue that artists in the period under investigation were acutely aware of Merapi’s volcanic activities and depicted these in their drawings and paintings, because of the influence of science, which invokes interest in Merapi, landscape art, and a sense of humanitarianism. Their artworks are dynamic visual historical reflections of Merapi which testify to the power and beauty of nature."

"Gambar sebagai representasi arsitektur merupakan hubungan yang kompleks antara gambar, penggambar, objek yang direpresentasi dan pengamat. Hubungan yang kompleks tersebut dapat menyebabkan ketidaksesuaian gambar dengan kondisi penggambaran. Sehingga pernyataan bahwa gambar adalah bahasa universal perlu ditinjau kembali.Gambar memiliki sifat dualistik yang ditandai oleh keberadaan dua sisi yang berkebalikan. Dualistik dapat menimbulkan keraguan terhadap kecenderungan penggunaan gambar di dalam arsitektur sehingga gambar tidak lagi dianggap representatif. Sifat tersebut tidak hanya membatasi tetapi juga mendefinisi. Hasil studi yang dilakukan pada beberapa gambar proyeksi aksonometri menunjukkan bagaimana dualistik terjadi pada gambar. Dualistik dapat dilihat sebagai konsekuensi proses membuat gambar. Dengan memahami dualistik, penggambar mampu memberikan tanggapan yang sesuai dan tetap bekerja dengan gambar.

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Drawing, being architectural representation, is constituted by complex relationships between drawing, its draughtsman, represented object and readers. These complicated relationships could cause incompatibility between drawing and its condition. Therefore, drawing can not be perceived as universal language.

Drawing has dualistic as its nature that can be indicated by the presence of two opposite sides. Dualistic could further provoke doubts in the tendency of using drawing as architectural representation. Drawing can no longer be considered representative. This nature not only limits but also defines.

The results of studies conducted on several axonometric projection drawings indicate how dualistic occurs within drawing. Understanding dualistic, draughtsman (and also architect) may be able to give appropriate and corresponding response to it while still working with drawing."

"Proses roll-drawing adalah kombinasi dari proses rolling dan drawing dimana dalam arah memanjang, gaya diterapkan dan satu set idle roll ditempatkan sebagai die. Tembaga merupakan logam mulia dan sangat berguna dalam bidang industri, misalnya dalam aplikasi listrik karena sifat-sifatnya termasuk konduktivitas termal dan listrik yang tinggi, ketahanan korosi, mudah paduan dengan elemen lain, dan terakhir kelenturannya. Wire drawing adalah cold working process yang biasanya digunakan dalam produksi kawat tembaga. Bentuk kawat tergantung pada bentuk die. Bentuk yang biasa digunakan untuk kawat tembaga adalah round cross-section yang banyak diproduksi untuk industri kelistrikan. Tembaga sendiri dapat ditarik dari batang menjadi kawat dengan ukuran yang sangat halus, karena sifat mampu bentuk atau kelenturannya yang unggul, dan tembaga tidak memerlukan proses annealing. Ketika kawat tembaga melewati proses roll-drawing, akan ada dua deformasi yang berlangsung secara bersamaan pada bagian tersebut; deformasi lateral dan longitudinal karena ketika kawat melewati rolling dies, terjadi deformasi lateral dan ketika sampel masuk ke proses penarikan, terjadi deformasi longitudinal. Prediksi perilaku deformasi kawat tembaga dalam proses roll-drawing ini perlu dijelaskan, karena kebutuhan akan informasi lebih lanjut tentang proses ini semakin meningkat. Dengan demikian, tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memprediksi pelebaran lebar kawat tembaga pada proses roll-drawing dengan tinggi dan lebar tertentu, dengan membuat model berdasarkan model yang sudah ada untuk proses rolling dan kemudian membandingkannya dengan data eksperimen. Hasilnya sangat menjanjikan, model baru cocok dengan data eksperimen dan akurasinya bagus untuk analisis kuantitatif. Investigasi lebih lanjut terhadap topik khusus ini dapat dilakukan untuk lebih meningkatkan akurasi model baru.

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Roll-drawing process is a combination of rolling and drawing process where in a longitudinal direction, force is applied and a set of idle rolls is placed as a die. Copper is a noble metal and very useful in industrial sector, for example in electrical applications because of its properties including high thermal and electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance, easy to alloy with other elements, and lastly its malleability. Wire drawing is a cold working process usually used in production of copper wire. The shape of wire depends on the shape of the dies. The shape that usually is used for copper wire is a round cross-section, mostly produced for electrical industries. Copper itself can be drawn from rod into wire with a very fine size, due to its superior formability or malleability, and copper does not need intermediate annealing process. When copper wire goes through a roll-drawing process, there will be two simultaneously ongoing deformations on the section; lateral and longitudinal deformation because when the wire goes through the rolling dies, a lateral deformation happens and when the sample goes to the drawing process, the longitudinal deformation happens. A prediction of this deformation behavior of copper wire in roll-drawing process need to be described, as the needs for more information about this process is growing. Thus, the main objective of this study is to predict the spread of copper wire in a roll drawing process with specific height and width, by creating a model based on the pre-existing model for rolling process and then comparing it to the experimental data. The results came out are very promising, the new model fits with the experimental data and the accuracy is good for the quantitative analysis. More investigations towards this particular topic can be done to further increase the accuracy of the new model."

"The selection of materials for an engineering component is not only requested by its design function and shape, but alsothe sequence through which it is manufactured. The manufacturing operation of roller chains involves drawing andtrimming processes aimed at producing semi-finished chain drives component with a well-standardized dimension. Inaddition to final combination of properties required by design constraints, the ability of materials to be formed into adesired shape and geometry without failure is also critical. The objective of materials selection should therefore involveadditional attributes that are not typically accommodated by the standard procedure of materials selection. The presentpaper deals with the selection of materials for roller chains from the perspective of manufacturing process. Ears andun-uniform wall thickness have been identified as a key problem in the mass production of component. Provided allprocess parameters were established, the anisotropy factor of materials is critical. Simulative test can be reasonablyused to obtain material performance indices that can be added up to the standard procedure of material selection. Ofthree commercially available steel grades evaluated with regard to the criteria defined, one grade is more suitable for thepresent objective."

"Spesimen uji lembaran baja galvanis dengan tebal 0.8 mm diberi lubang lingkaran berdiamater dan antar lubang 2.5 mm dengan pola susunan tetragonal dan heksagonal. Sifat manufaktur bahan tersebut dipelajari melalui pengujian simulatif penarikan (drawing) dan rentang (stretching). Sebagai pembanding, dilakukan pengujian terhadap lembaran sejenis tanpa lubang perforasi. Dari hasil penelitian ini diketahui perbandingan sifat manufaktur lembaran perforasi dengan pola susunan lubang tetragonal dan heksagonal serta prediksi sifat intrinsik mampu tarik lembaran perforasi dengan menggunakan asumsi kontinum ekivalen.

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Galvanized steel sheet of 0.8 mm in thickness was drilled with circle holes of 2.5 mm diameter and spacing arranged in tetragonal and hexagonal pattern. The manufacturing properties of specimen were studied through drawing and stretching simulative test. It was concluded from the results that, at high ratio of punch to hole diameter (40/2.5), the drawing properties (LDR) of both square and hexagonal perforated sheet were slightly lower than that of solid sheet, while hexagonal perforated showing LDR somewhat higher than the square one. The stretching properties (LDH) of sheet, however, were much lower than that of solid sheet while the hexagonal perforated exhibiting LDH lower than the square one. Provided the effi ciency factor was well defi ned, which was not effective in the present experiment, the intrinsic drawing properties might be indirectly determined through the simulative test by assuming the perforated materials as an equivalent continuum."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan mencari material yang c°Cok untuk digunakan pada proses produksi kemasan kaleng dua bagian berkarbonasi dengan ketebalan yang diturunkan dari 0,280 mm menjadi 0,270 mm, dalam rangka penghematan biaya produksi. Paduan aluminium AA3104 telah lama digunakan sebagai bahan baku kemasan kaleng minuman bertekanan dengan proses penarikan dalam (deep drawing) yang dilanjutkan dengan penipisan dinding (wall ironing) agar dapat mencapai ketinggian yang diinginkan. Dengan adanya tekanan dari produk minuman, maka kekuatan kaleng mutlak diperlukan agar tidak terjadi deformasi, terutama pada bagian bawahnya (dome). Kekuatan kaleng menahan tekanan dari dalam akan melemah apabila ketebalan material diturunkan, sehingga perlu dilakukan pengembangan material untuk mencari paduan aluminium yang kuat tetapi tetap mempunyai sifat mampu bentuk yang baik. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan percobaan terhadap 3 macam material paduan aluminium AA3104 dengan komposisi titanium berbeda, yaitu 0,00%, 0,010% dan 0,013%. Pengujian yang dilakukan adalah analisis komposisi kimia, kekasaran permukaan, struktur mikro, senyawa yang terbentuk, dan analisis statistik. Di samping itu juga dilakukan uji mekanik yaitu uji tarik, LDR, dan mampu bentuk. Setelah kaleng dibentuk dilakukan pula uji kekutan dome, kekuatan badan kaleng, dan pengukuran dimensi kaleng. Selanjutnya data hasil pengujian badan kaleng diolah untuk mendapatkan grafik rata-rata, grafik R, dan indeks Cpk. Sebagai simulasi dalam proses produksi badan kaleng, pengujian tarik dan kekuatan badan kaleng dilakukan sebelum dan setelah pemanasan 210°C selama 10 menit. Hasil analisis kekasaran permukaan menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi persentase titanium dalam paduan aluminium AA3104 semakin halus tingkat kekasaran permukaannya. Hasil analisis struktur mikro menunjukkan bahwa titanium meningkatkan presipitasi sehingga juga akan meningkatkan kekuatan bahan. Hasil analisis dengan XRD menunjukkan bahwa pada sampel yang mengandung titanium terbentuk senyawa Ti3Al yang tersebar lebih merata pada sampel dengan kandungan titanium 0,013%. Hasil uji tarik menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi persentase titanium akan semakin meningkatkan kekuatan luluh (yield strentgh), kekuatan tarik (tensile strength) dan regangan (elongation) dari paduan aluminium AA3104. Dengan bertambahnya yield strength dan tensile strength akan menambah kekuatan badan kaleng dan bertambahnya regangan mengindikasikan sifat mampu bentuk yang lebih baik. Percobaan pembentukan kaleng dengan proses penarikan dalam dan penipisan pada bagian dinding (drawn wall ironing) menunjukan bahwa tingkat kegagalan pembentukan (tear off rate) turun dari 60 kaleng/sejuta menjadi 23 kaleng/sejuta, kekuatan kaleng menahan tekanan dari dalam (dome reversal pressure ? DRP) naik 4,3% dan kekuatan kaleng menahan gaya vertikal (axial load) naik 6,74%. Setelah pemanasan 210°C selama 10 menit terjadi penurunan kekuatan tarik, kekuatan luluh, dan penambahan regangan. Hal yang sama, terjadi penurunan terhadap kekuatan kaleng baik dome reversal pressure maupun axial load. Selanjutnya, dalam analisis kelayakan penggunaan material paduan aluminium AA3104 dengan kandungan titanium 0,013% secara komersial, terutama kaitannya dengan parameter yang berhubungan dengan material tersebut, menunjukkan hasil yang memenuhi kriteria standar yang diinginkan pelanggan. Dengan demikian, maka paduan aluminium AA3104 yang mengadung titanium 0,013% dengan tebal 0,270 mm layak untuk digunakan sebagai bahan baku badan kaleng minuman bertekanan.

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The purpose of this research is to find a suitable aluminum alloy for two-piece carbonated soft drink can body material in order to reduce the material thickness from 0.280 to 0.270 mm and thus a production cost. Aluminum alloy AA3104 has been used for many years as a carbonated soft drink can material through deep drawing pr°Cess followed by wall ironing pr°Cess until a specific desired can height is obtained. Due to inside pressure on the filled can, the can need to have enough strength to prevent deformation, especially on the bottom area of the can (dome). By reducing material thickness, the strength of the can will also reduce dramatically. For this reason, the material needs to be developed to get a suitable strength, while at the same time retains its good formability. In this research, aluminum alloy AA3104 containing 3 variations of titanium composition were prepared, i.e. Ti 0.00%, Ti 0.010% and Ti 0.013%. The analysis including chemical composition, surface roughness, microstructure, and precipitate resulted from the addition of titanium were carried out. Mechanical properties including tensile, LDR, and formability also have been done. Analyses on the final cans including dome reversal pressure, axial load, and can dimension were also included. The can body measuring data to find the average chart, range chart and Cpk index were done by using a commercial software. As a production pr°Cess simulation, the strength test also has been done after heating the material at 210°C for 10 minutes. Surface roughness analysis shows that the addition of titanium results in better sheet surface of aluminum alloy AA3104. Microstructure analysis shows that the addition of titanium promotes precipitation on aluminum alloy AA3104. XRD analysis shows that the addition of titanium forms Ti3Al precipitate while the sample containing 0.013% of titanium has better distribution of Ti3Al precipitate. Mechanical properties test results show that the addition of titanium increases yield strength, tensile strength and elongation of aluminum alloy AA3104. By increasing the yield strength and tensile strength will also increase the strength while increasing of elongation will increase formability of aluminum alloy AA3104. On the deep drawing and wall ironing pr°Cesses simulation by using aluminum alloy AA3104 containing 0.013% titanium with 0.270 mm thickness, the results show that the tear off rate reduces from 60 ppm to 23 ppm, dome reversal pressure increases 4.3% and axial load increases 6.74%. Heating the material at 210°C for 10 minutes reduces the yield strength, tensile strength, increases the elongation, and reduces the dome reversal pressure and axial load. Stability and capability study case with 0.270 mm thickness indicates that the material confirms customer requirements. It then can be concluded that the aluminum alloy AA3104 containing 0.013% of titanium with the thickness of 0.270 mm can be used in commercial production for two-piece carbonated soft drink cans."