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"Cekungan Jawa Timur merupakan salah satu cekungan tertua dengan tekanan pori tinggi di Indonesia. Penelitian dilakukan berfokus pada wilayah yang mengandung keberadaan hidrokarbon dengan kondisi tekanan tinggi (overpressure). Analisis pencarian zona hidrokarbon dilakukan menggunakan data sumur. Pengembangan eksplorasi untuk mencari cadangan minyak baru perlu dilakukan analisis tekanan pori agar proses pengeboran dapat dilakukan dengan optimum dan dapat mencegah dari kecelakaan kerja. Proses pengolahan pada penelitian ini dibagi menjadi dua, yaitu pengolahan terhadap data sumur yang digunakan untuk menentukan zona hidrokarbon dan besar tekanan pori pada area penelitian. Dalam mengolah data sumur, akan digunakan crossplot log untuk menentukan zona hidrokarbon dan menggunakan metode Eaton untuk mendapatkan estimasi tekanan pori. Selanjutnya adalah pengolahan data seismik yang akan digunakan dalam melakukan persebaran estimasi tekanan pori pada area penelitian. Pengolahan data seismik, akan dilakukan proses inversi untuk mendapatkan pemodelan kecepatan dan densitas serta inversi impedansi. Persebaran tekanan pori pada data sumur dilakukan dengan menggunakan neural network dengan masukkan data yang didapat dari hasil pengolahan data sumur dan data seismik. Berdasarkan pengolahan data yang telah dilakukan, didapatkan hasil bahwa Cekungan Jawa Timur memiliki tekanan tinggi dengan nilai tekanan pori melebihi tekanan hidrostatik. Zona overpressure ditemukan pada formasi Kujung I yaitu pada kedalaman 3725-3902 kaki dengan nilai tekanan pori 2334-2421 psi dan formasi Kujung II pada kedalaman 3975-4120 kaki dengan nilai tekanan pori sebesar 2592-2686 psi. Tekanan pori tinggi diduga karena hidrokarbon yang telah mencapai tingkat kematangan.

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The East Java Basin is one of the oldest basins with high pore pressure in Indonesia. The research focuses on areas containing hydrocarbon presence with high-pressure conditions (overpressure). Analysis for hydrocarbon zones is conducted using well data. Exploration development to find new oil reserves requires an analysis of pore pressure to optimize drilling processes and prevent workplace accidents. The processing in this study is divided into two parts: processing well data used to determine hydrocarbon zones and the magnitude of pore pressure in the research area. When processing well data, a log crossplot will be used to identify hydrocarbon zones, and the Eaton method will be employed to estimate pore pressure. Subsequently, seismic data processing will be used to map the distribution of estimated pore pressure in the research area. Seismic data processing will involve inversion processes to obtain velocity and density modeling, as well as impedance inversion. Pore pressure distribution in well data will be conducted using a neural network, inputting data obtained from processing both well and seismic data. Based on the processed data, it was found that the East Java Basin has high pressure with pore pressure values exceeding hydrostatic pressure. Overpressure zones were identified in the Kujung I formation at depths of 3725-3902 feet with pore pressure values of 2334-2421 psi and in the Kujung II formation at depths of 3975-4120 feet with pore pressure values of 2592-2686 psi. The high pore pressure is suspected to be due to hydrocarbons reaching maturity levels."

"LATAR BELAKANG: Obesitas merupakan masalah kesehatan di Indonesia maupun dunia. Prevalensi penduduk dewasa Indonesia dengan obesitas mencapai 15,4% dan obesitas merupakan salah satu faktor risiko terjadinya nyeri punggung bawah. Pada pasien obesitas umumnya terjadi kelemahan otot abdomen dan pergeseran pusat gravitasi tubuh ke depan sehingga otot-otot ekstensor batang tubuh akan berusaha menarik tulang belakang ke posterior terus menerus dan menyebabkan spasme otot yang akan menimbulkan nyeri, keterbatasan lingkup gerak sendi, dan disabilitas fungsional. Nyeri punggung bawah menjadi salah satu beban kesehatan utama pada masyarakat. Terdapat berbagai terapi untuk mengatasi nyeri punggung bawah mekanik, namun permasalahan nyeri punggung bawah mekanik kronik tetap menjadi masalah selama bertahun-tahun. Sebuah pendekatan baru untuk tatalaksana tambahan nyeri punggung bawah mekanik kronik merujuk kepada penggunaan elastic taping. TUJUAN: Menilai pengaruh aplikasi elastic taping terhadap perbaikan skala nyeri, lingkup gerak sendi fleksi batang tubuh, dan disabilitas fungsional pada pasien obesitas dengan nyeri punggung bawah mekanik kronik, serta membandingkan pengaruh tersebut dengan dua metode aplikasi yang berbeda.METODE: Uji intervensi dengan melibatkan populasi subjek pasien yang berobat di Poliklinik Obesitas Departemen Rehabilitasi Medik RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta selama Agustus 2017-Januari 2018 yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Subjek dibagi ke dalam 2 kelompok secara acak. Kelompok A mendapat aplikasi elastic taping dengan teknik inhibisi paralumbal bilateral dan stabilisasi pada regio sendi sacroiliac dan regio otot abdominis transversus, sementara kelompok B mendapat aplikasi elastic taping tanpa peregangan pada regio sendi sacroiliac dan regio otot abdomen. Penilaian intensitas nyeri menggunakan VAS, lingkup gerak sendi fleksi batang tubuh menggunakan tes modified Schober, dan disabilitas fungsional dinilai menggunakan skor Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Penilaian VAS dan tes modified Schober dilakukan sebanyak 6 kali sepanjang penelitian, sedangkan untuk penilaian ODI dilakukan pada sebelum dan sesudah terapi. Semua subjek pada penelitian ini mendapatkan latihan aerobik dengan sepeda statis yaitu dengan durasi 15 menit pada minggu pertama dan 30 menit pada minggu kedua. HASIL: Sebanyak 28 pasien obesitas dengan nyeri punggung bawah mekanik kronik menjadi subjek dalam penelitian ini. Semua subjek pada kedua kelompok penelitian ini mengalami perbaikan yang signifikan secara statistik pada intensitas nyeri sebelum dan sesudah aplikasi elastic taping pada nilai VAS (p<0.05), namun ketika dibandingkan antar kelompok didapatkan perbedaan yang signifikan secara statistik pada nilai VAS. Hasil pada tes modified Schober dan skor ODI juga mengalami perbaikan antara sebelum dan sesudah terapi pada masing-masing kelompok (p<0.05), meskipun tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan secara statistik antara kedua kelompok, namun terdapat perubahan yang signifikan secara klinis hanya pada kelompok A. KESIMPULAN: Penelitian ini menunjukkan penambahan aplikasi elastic taping pada latihan aerobik telah memberi hasil yang signifikan secara statistik dan klinis dalam perbaikan intensitas nyeri, lingkup gerak sendi fleksi batang tubuh, dan disabilitas fungsional pada pasien obesitas dengan nyeri punggung bawah mekanik kronik. Aplikasi elastic taping dengan teknik inhibisi otot paralumbal bilateral dan stabilisasi pada regio sendi sacroiliac dan regio otot abdominis transversus memiliki hasil yang lebih baik dibandingan aplikasi elastic taping tanpa peregangan.

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BACKGROUND: Obesity is one of the world health problems, particularly in Indonesia. The prevalence of obesity in Indonesia is 15,4%. Obesity increases the risk of low back pain occurrence, thus raise a health problem in society. Obese patients tends to have abdominal muscle weakness and shifting of central of gravity anteriorly, it caused trunk extensor muscles contract more often and prone to spasm therefore it will cause pain, limitation of range of motion and functional disability. Currently, there are several approaches for treating mechanical low back pain, but the chronic mechanical low back pain still becoming one of the health problem in years. Elastic taping could be a new approach for chronic mechanical low back pain as adjuvant therapy. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of elastic taping application in improving pain intensity, trunk flexion range of motion, and functional disability in obese patient with chronic mechanical low back pain, also to compare the effectiveness between two different elastic taping application methods.METHODS: This interventional study involved patients in Obesity Clinic of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta between 2017 August until 2018 January who met the inclusion criteria. Subjects randomly assigned into 2 groups. Group A subjects had elastic taping application with inhibition technique on bilateral paralumbal muscle and stabilization technique on sacroiliac joint region and transversus abdominis muscle. Meanwhile, group B subjects had elastic taping application without any stretch on sacroiliac joint and abdominal muscle region. Pain intensity was measured using VAS score, trunk flexion range of motion was measured using modified Schober test, and functional disability was measured using Oswestry Disability Index. VAS and modified Schober test measurement were done six times, while ODI score measurement was done before and after therapy. All of the subjects in both groups also had aerobic exercises using the static cycle with 15 minutes duration in the first week and 30 minutes in the second week. RESULTS: 28 obese patients with chronic mechanical low back pain were included in this study. These subjects in each group had statistically significant improvement of pain after elastic taping application (p<0.05), and when these two compared there was a significant difference between two groups in VAS score. The result in modified Schober test and ODI score also had improvement before and after therapy in each groups (p<0.05) but there was no significant difference between two groups. Nevertheless, there was clinically significant change in group A after therapy while no clinically significant change in group B.CONCLUSIONS: The result indicates that addition of elastic taping application in aerobic exercise has clinically and statistically significant effect in improvement of pain intensity, trunk flexion range of motion, and functional disability in obese patients with xi Universitas Indonesia chronic mechanical low back pain. Elastic taping application with inhibition technique on bilateral paralumbal muscle and stabilization technique on the sacroiliac joint region and transversus abdominis muscle has better outcomes compared to elastic taping application technique without stretch."

"The book presents homogeneous solutions in static and dynamical problems of anisotropic theory of elasticity, which are constructed for a hollow cylinder. It also offers an asymptotic process for finding frequencies of natural vibrations of a hollow cylinder, and establishes a qualitative study of several applied theories of the boundaries of applicability.Further the authors develop a general theory for a transversally isotropic spherical shell, which includes methods for constructing inhomogeneous and homogeneous solutions that allow the characteristic features of the stress-strain state of an anisotropic spherical shell to be revealed. Lastly, the book introduces an asymptotic method for integrating the equations of anisotropic theory of elasticity in variable thickness plates and shells."

"Aluminum matrix composite which was reinforced by ceramic is one of MMCs which is developed asautomotive port. This current research use aluminum as matrix: and alumina (Al2O} powderasreinforced with volume fraction of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%. With-Almg coatied by electroless. The resultshow that composite with Al+Mg coating owned better interfacial bonding than composite withoutcoating. The highest elasticity moduli of Al2O3 is forward at volume fraction of 40% is 259.9 GPa.However elasticity modulus of composite without coating treatment with volume fraction 40% is l 78,8GPa, or increased about 45%."

"Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pembuatan komposit semikonduktor dengan menggunakan matriks akrilik yang ditambahkan dengan dua jenis filler yakni ZnO dan serat nata de coco. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan material komposit semikonduktor yang memiliki kekuatan mekanik, serta ketahanan termal yang baik. Metode yang digunakan adalah polimerisasi in situ dimana filler dan monomer matriks yang berupa resin dicampurkan kemudian ditambahkan katalis sebanyak 1% berat resin untuk mempercepat polimerisasi sehingga didapat komposit dengan filler yang terdistribusi di dalam polimer akrilik setelah didiamkan selama 12 jam. Komposit ini kemudian diukur modulus elastisitas, suhu transisi gelas, serta konduktivitas listriknya. Penambahan filler nata de coco mampu meningkatkan modulus elastisitas dan suhu transisi gelas dari akrilik. Modulus elastisitas serta suhu transisi gelas tertinggi dicapai oleh komposit akrilik/nata de coco dengan persen volume sebesar 30% yakni 2,68 GPa dan 199,47oC. Secara umum penambahan filler ZnO dan nata de coco meningkatkan konduktivitas dari komposit. Komposit yang dihasilkan dapat dinyatakan sebagai material semikonduktor karena berada pada rentang konduktivitas 10-8-103 S/cm. Komposit dengan sifat semikonduktor yang paling baik adalah komposit akrilik/ZnO dengan persen volume ZnO sebesar 30% dengan konduktivitas sebesar 2,7 x 10-7 S/cm. Komposit dengan kombinasi filler ZnO sebesar 20% dan nata de coco 10% volume memberikan modulus elastisitas serta suhu transisi gelas yang lebih tinggi dari komposit akrilik/ZnO yakni mencapai 1,79 GPa dan 175,73oC. Sementara konduktivitas dari komposit tersebut lebih tinggi dari konduktivitas akrilik/nata de coco yakni mencapai 1,9 x 10-7 S/cm.

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Synthesis of semiconductor composite using acrylic matrix filled with ZnO and nata de coco fiber has been conducted in this research. The purpose of this research is to obtain semiconductor composite material that have a good mechanical strength and thermal resistance. In situ polymerization method is used in this research where fillers and matrix monomer are mixed and then 1%wt of catalyst is added into the mixture to make it polymerizes faster. After 12 hours, the composite with acrylic matrix and filler is ready to be characterized. Three parameters are characterized in this research such as elastic modulus, glass transition temperature, and electric conductivity of the composite. The addition of nata de coco filler can increase the elastic modulus and glass transition temperature of the acrylic. The highest elastic modulus and glass transition temperature is obtained from acrylic/nata de coco composite with 30% filler volume percentage that reach 2,68 GPa and 199,47oC.

In general the addition of ZnO and nata de coco filler can increase the conductivity of the composite. The composites that has been made in this research can be classified as semiconductor material because the conductivity is in the range of 10-8-103 S/cm. Composite that has a high semiconductor characteristic is obtained from acrylic/ZnO composite with 30% filler volume percentage that reach 2,7 x 10-7 S/cm. The composite with 20% volume of ZnO filler and 10% volume of nata de coco gives a higher elastic modulus and glass transition temperature than those in acrylic/ZnO composite that reach 1,79 GPa and 175,73oC. In addition, the conductivity of this composite is 1,9 x 10-7 S/cm which is higher than the conductivity of acrylic/nata de coco composite.;"

"[ABSTRAKLapangan AAA merupakan lapangan gas yang terdapat pada lingkungan DeltaMahakam, Cekungan Kutai, Kalimantan Timur. Lapangan AAA merupakan bagiandari lapangan gas dengan produksi terbesar di Indonesia yang telah dieksplorasi dandiproduksi lebih dari 40 tahun. Salah satu tahapan penting setelah proses eksplorasiadalah mengaplikasikan metode karakterisasi reservoar untuk pengembanganlapangan. Karakterisasi reservoar dalam penentuan distribusi lithologi dan fluidasangat penting dilakukan untuk mengetahui daerah berprospek ekonomis yang belumditembus oleh sumur produksi.Pada penelitian ini karakterisasi reservoar yang digunakan adalah metode AnalisaAVO dan Extended Elastic Impedance (EEI). Analisis AVO mengunakan data prestack3D gather dan bantuan velocity cube. Data DTS yang digunakan pada penelitianini terdapat pada sumur 3A45, 3A50, dan 3A45. Metode Extended Elastic Impedance(EEI) dimulai dengan penentuan sudut Chi (X) pada nilai koeffisien korelasi yangmaksimum (mendekati nilai 1) dan analisis crossplot untuk menentukan nilai cut-offindikator lithologi dan indikator fluida pada setiap parameter fisika dari data sumur.Hasil analisis menyebutkan bahwa fluida pada daerah penelitian merupakan AVOkelas III. Indikator lihtologi (reservoar dan non reservoar) dapat dipisahkan denganparameter Gamma Ray (reservoar bernilai 20 – 60 GAPI) dan Density (reservoarbernilai 1.75 – 2.17 g/cc). Sedangkan indikator fluida (gas dan water) dapatdipisahkan dengan parameter Lambda-Rho (gas bernilai 1.5 – 9 Gpa*g/cc), Lambdaper Mu (gas bernilai 0.5 – 2.5), Vp per Vs (gas bernilai 1.5 – 2.2), dan Poisson Ratio(gas bernilai 0.16 – 0.35). Hasil inversi Extended Elastic Impedance (EEI) pada GTS3A menyebutkan bahwa inversi Lambda-Rho mempunyai akurasi 78.57% (MFA) dan85.71% (MFB), inversi Lambda per Mu mempunyai akurasi 50% (MFA) dan 85.71%(MFB), inversi Vp per Vs mempunyai akurasi 71.42% (MFA) dan 71.42% (MFB),Inversi Poisson Ratio mempunyai akurasi sebesar 71.42% (MFA) dan 78.57% (MFB).

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ABSTRACTAAA field is a gas field that located in Delta Mahakam environment, Kutei Basin,East Kalimantan. AAA field is a part of giant gas field which has biggest productionin Indonesia already explored and produced almost over 40 years. One of importantsteps after exploration of the field is to conduct a reservoir characterization for fielddevelopment. Reservoir characterization to determine lithology distribution and fluidcontent is very important to know the prospect area which has economical values andnot penetrated yet by infill wells or production wells.Reservoir characterization method that has been used in this study are AVO analysisand Extended Elastic Impedance (EEI). Pre-stack 3D gather data and velocity cubeused for AVO analysis in this study. DTS logs only available in 3A45, 3A50, and3A55. Extended Elastic Impedance method started with determination of Chi (X)angle that has maximum correlation coefficient (near to 1 value) and cross-plotanalysis to determine cut-off value for lithology indicator and fluid indicator in eachwell data parameter.Analysis results show that fluid class in this study is AVO class III. Lithologyindicator (reservoir and non reservoir) can be separated by Gamma Ray (value ofreservoir between 20 – 60 GAPI) and Density (value of reservoir is between 1.75 –2.17 g/cc). Fluid indicator (gas and water) can be separated by Lambda-Rho (valueof gas is between 1.5 – 9 Gpa*g/cc), Lambda per Mu (value of gas is between 0.5 –2.5), Vp per Vs (value of gas is between 1.5 – 2.2), and Poisson Ratio (value of gas isbetween 0.16 – 0.35). Results of Extended Elastic Impedance inversion in GTS 3Ashow that Lambda-Rho inversion has 78.57% accuracy (in MFA) and 85.71%accuracy (in MFB), Lambda per Mu inversion has 50% accuracy (in MFA) and85.71% accuracy (in MFB), Vp per Vs inversion has 71.42% accuracy (in MFA) and71.42% (in MFB), Poisson Ration has 71.42% accuracy (in MFA) and 78.57%accuracy (in MFB).;AAA field is a gas field that located in Delta Mahakam environment, Kutei Basin,East Kalimantan. AAA field is a part of giant gas field which has biggest productionin Indonesia already explored and produced almost over 40 years. One of importantsteps after exploration of the field is to conduct a reservoir characterization for fielddevelopment. Reservoir characterization to determine lithology distribution and fluidcontent is very important to know the prospect area which has economical values andnot penetrated yet by infill wells or production wells.Reservoir characterization method that has been used in this study are AVO analysisand Extended Elastic Impedance (EEI). Pre-stack 3D gather data and velocity cubeused for AVO analysis in this study. DTS logs only available in 3A45, 3A50, and3A55. Extended Elastic Impedance method started with determination of Chi (X)angle that has maximum correlation coefficient (near to 1 value) and cross-plotanalysis to determine cut-off value for lithology indicator and fluid indicator in eachwell data parameter.Analysis results show that fluid class in this study is AVO class III. Lithologyindicator (reservoir and non reservoir) can be separated by Gamma Ray (value ofreservoir between 20 – 60 GAPI) and Density (value of reservoir is between 1.75 –2.17 g/cc). Fluid indicator (gas and water) can be separated by Lambda-Rho (valueof gas is between 1.5 – 9 Gpa*g/cc), Lambda per Mu (value of gas is between 0.5 –2.5), Vp per Vs (value of gas is between 1.5 – 2.2), and Poisson Ratio (value of gas isbetween 0.16 – 0.35). Results of Extended Elastic Impedance inversion in GTS 3Ashow that Lambda-Rho inversion has 78.57% accuracy (in MFA) and 85.71%accuracy (in MFB), Lambda per Mu inversion has 50% accuracy (in MFA) and85.71% accuracy (in MFB), Vp per Vs inversion has 71.42% accuracy (in MFA) and71.42% (in MFB), Poisson Ration has 71.42% accuracy (in MFA) and 78.57%accuracy (in MFB)., AAA field is a gas field that located in Delta Mahakam environment, Kutei Basin,East Kalimantan. AAA field is a part of giant gas field which has biggest productionin Indonesia already explored and produced almost over 40 years. One of importantsteps after exploration of the field is to conduct a reservoir characterization for fielddevelopment. Reservoir characterization to determine lithology distribution and fluidcontent is very important to know the prospect area which has economical values andnot penetrated yet by infill wells or production wells.Reservoir characterization method that has been used in this study are AVO analysisand Extended Elastic Impedance (EEI). Pre-stack 3D gather data and velocity cubeused for AVO analysis in this study. DTS logs only available in 3A45, 3A50, and3A55. Extended Elastic Impedance method started with determination of Chi (X)angle that has maximum correlation coefficient (near to 1 value) and cross-plotanalysis to determine cut-off value for lithology indicator and fluid indicator in eachwell data parameter.Analysis results show that fluid class in this study is AVO class III. Lithologyindicator (reservoir and non reservoir) can be separated by Gamma Ray (value ofreservoir between 20 – 60 GAPI) and Density (value of reservoir is between 1.75 –2.17 g/cc). Fluid indicator (gas and water) can be separated by Lambda-Rho (valueof gas is between 1.5 – 9 Gpa*g/cc), Lambda per Mu (value of gas is between 0.5 –2.5), Vp per Vs (value of gas is between 1.5 – 2.2), and Poisson Ratio (value of gas isbetween 0.16 – 0.35). Results of Extended Elastic Impedance inversion in GTS 3Ashow that Lambda-Rho inversion has 78.57% accuracy (in MFA) and 85.71%accuracy (in MFB), Lambda per Mu inversion has 50% accuracy (in MFA) and85.71% accuracy (in MFB), Vp per Vs inversion has 71.42% accuracy (in MFA) and71.42% (in MFB), Poisson Ration has 71.42% accuracy (in MFA) and 78.57%accuracy (in MFB).]"

"Salah satu metode untuk menentukan konstanta-konstanta elastisitas efektif material IN-519 (cast austenitic stainless steel) adalah dengan menggunakan teknik potongan kubus (cube cutting method) dan transmisi gelombang ultrasonik. Akan tetapi dimensi kubus dengan ukuran 10x10x10 mm menjadi salah satu kendala dalam teknis pengukuran, karena sebagian besar probe ultrasonik memiliki ukuran penampang yang lebih besar dari sampel. Oleh karena itu, tingkat efektifitas nilai hasil pengukuranya perlu diketahui dengan menentukan nilai deviasi pengukuran konstanta elastisitas dan atenuasi gelombang ultrasonik dengan frekuensi 1, 2,25, 4, dan 5 MHz pada kubus dengan sampel pembanding (pelat). Nilai deviasi paling besar terjadi pada pengukuran konstanta C33 dan atenuasi dengan frekuensi 1 MHz. Kemudian hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa semakin besar frekuensi pengukuran, maka nilai konstanta elastisitas semakin kecil, dan nilai atenuasi semakin besar. Pengujian pada sampel hasil solution anneal memiliki nilai konstanta-kontanta elastisitas yang lebih besar dan atenuasi yang lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan sampel non-anneal. Dan konstanta¬konstanta elastisitas baik pada sampel annealed maupun sampel non-anneal diprediksikan memiliki nilai penyimpangan pengukuran kurang lebih sebesar 31 % terhadap hasil pengujian tarik.

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One of the methods for effective elastic constants determining in IN-519 material (cast austenitic stainless steel) is using cube cutting method and ultrasonic wave transmission. However, dimension of cubes with a minimum size of 10x10x10 mm become one of the obstacles in the technical measurement, because most of the ultrasonic probe has a larger cross-sectional size of the sample. Therefore, the level of effectiveness measurement results need to be identified by determining the deviation of the measurement of elasticity constants and the attenuation of ultrasonic waves with a frequency of 1, 2.25, 4, and 5 MHz on the cube with the comparison sample (plate). Greatest deviations occur at measurement of C33 and attenuation with frequency of 1 MHz. The results showed that the greater frequency of measurements the value of the constant elasticity is smaller, and the greater the attenuation value. Tests on annealed samples has a greater elasticity constant value and the attenuation is smaller than the non-anneal samples. And elastic constant in both annealed samples and non-anneal measurement are predicted has a deviation value of approximately 31% of the tensile test results. "

"This book provides a concise discussion of fatigue crack growth (FCG) failure and lifing analysis methods for metallic aircraft structures and components. After a reasonably concise historical review, surveys are made of (i) the importance of fatigue for aircraft structural failures and the sources of fatigue nucleation and cracking, (ii) contemporary FCG lifing methods, and (iii) the Quantitative Fractography (QF) required for determining the actual FCG behaviour. These surveys are followed by the main part of the book, which is a discussion, using case histories, of the applicabilities of Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) and non-LEFM methods for analysing service fatigue failures and full- and sub-scale test results. This discussion is derived primarily from the experiences of the Defence Science and Technology Group in Melbourne, Australia, and the Netherlands Aerospace Centre, Marknesse, the Netherlands."

"Indonesia merupakan wilayah yang rawan terhadap gempa bumi. Banyak bangunan non engineer yang mengalami kerusakan pada dinding batanya akibat terkena beban gempa. Berdasarkan kebiasaan, masyarakat melakukan perbaikan dinding bata yang retak dengan plester tanpa mengetahui kinerja dari perbaikan ini. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji efek perbaikan dinding bata retak dengan plester. Pemodelan dinding bata dilakukan dengan pendekatan continuum model menggunakan perangkat lunak SAP2000 v14.1 yang dianalisis pada batas linier elastis. Elemen link digunakan sebagai penghubung dinding bata dengan portal beton. Dua jenis struktur yang dimodelkan, yaitu struktur dengan satu panel dinding bata dan ruko tiga lantai tiga bentang. Kedua model dikenai beban lateral gempa berdasarkan SNI 03-1726-2002. Efek separasi antara dinding bata dan portal beton dimodelkan dengan melepas elemen link. Peningkatan kekuatan dinding bata dianalisis melalui evaluasi tegangan pada dinding bata dan plester sedangkan, perubahan kekakuannya melalui evaluasi karakteristik dinamik struktur. Hasil perbaikan dengan plester menunjukkan peningkatan kekakuan dan kekuatan dinding bata.

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Indonesia is a vulnerable region of earthquake. Many non-engineering buildings undergo destructions on their masonry walls due to earthquake induced force. People used to repair the cracked masonry wall using plaster without clearly understanding the performance of such repairment. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of cracked masonry wall repairment using plaster. The modeling of masonry wall was done by continuum model approach using SAP 2000 v14.1 which was analyzed within the elastic linear limit state. The link element was used as the connector between masonry wall and concrete frame. Two types of structure were modeled, a structure with one masonry wall panel and a three stories three bays store-house building. Both models were induced by lateral load based on SNI 03-1726-2002. The separation effect between masonry wall and concrete frame was modeled by releasing the link element. The increasing on strength of masonry wall was analyzed through a stress evaluation on wall and plaster, though the stiffness change was analyzed through the dynamic properties of the structures. The result of the repair using plaster indicated an increasing in both strength (capacity) and stiffness of masonry wall. "

"Lansia mengalami penurunan degeneratif baik fisiologis maupun patologis (seperti stroke) pada sistem muskuloskeletal sehingga timbulnya gangguan mobilitas fisik menjadi permasalahan yang sering dikeluhkan pada lansia. Kondisi ini berdampak pada kesulitan melakukan pergerakan dan mobilisasi dalam aktivitas sehari-hari. Penulisan karya ilmiah ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan hasil asuhan keperawatan yang diberikan pada lansia dengan masalah keperawatan gangguan mobilitas fisik di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Budi Mulia 4 Ciracas. Intervensi yang dilakukan adalah terapi latihan kekuatan otot dengan elastic band dan genggam bola karet terhadap lansia post stroke dengan kelemahan ekstremitas kiri selama 10 hari dengan durasi 60 menit. Hasil evaluasi menggambarkanadanya peningkatan kekuatan otot dari 4442 menjadi 5544 , pemeriksaan berg balance test meningkat 4432 5543dari skor 36 menjadi 45, dan pemeriksaan timed up and go test mengalami percepatan dari 23.69 detik menjdi 16.4 detik. Hal tersebut membuktikan adanya peningkatan kekuatan otot dan kemampuan mobilisasi secara fungsional pada lansia. Penulis merekomendasikan bagi pihak PSTW agar program latihan kekuatan otot dapat dilaksanakan secara konsisten dan berkelanjutan untuk mengatasi terjadinya gangguan mobilitias fisik pada lansia sehingga dapat meningkatkan kesehatan dan kualitas hidup. Latihan harus dilakukan setiap hari, minimal satu kali dalam sehari selama 60 menit dengan tiga kali pengulangan gerakan dan masing-masing gerakan memiliki 10 hitungan. Perlu dievaluasi menggunakan penilaian MMT, TUG, BBT, beserta kekuatan lansia dalam menarik elastic band melalui pengukuran panjang diameter pita sebelum dan sesudah latihan kekuatan otot.

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Degenerative in elderly both physiological and pathological (such as stroke) in musculoskeletal system cause quite high impaired physical mobility problem. This condition has an impact on difficulties in moving and mobilizing in daily activities. This scientific work aims to describe the results of nursing care given to the elderly with impaired physical mobility problems at the Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Budi Mulia 4 Ciracas. The intervention used was muscle strength exercise therapy with elastic bands and rubber ball grips for post stroke elderly with left extremity weakness for 10 days with a duration of 60 minutes. The evaluation results described an increase in muscle strength from 4442/4432 to 5544/5543, the berg balance test increased from a score of 36 to 45, and the timed up and go test experienced an acceleration from 23.69 seconds to 16.4 seconds. The evaluation results prove that there is an increase in muscle strength and functional mobilization ability in the elderly. The author recommends for PSTW that muscle strength training programs can be implemented consistently and continuously to overcome the occurrence of impaired physical mobility in the elderly so as to improve health and quality of elderly life. Exercise must be done every day, at least once a day for 60 minutes with three repetitions of the movement and each movement has 10 counts. It needs to be evaluated using MMT, TUG, BBT assessments, along with the strength of the elderly in pulling the elastic band through measuring the length of the band diameter before and after muscle strength exercise."