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"In this book, experts from Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries examine the future of energy and economic policy in the region. It concentrates on challenges common to all GCC countries, specifically ongoing efforts at economic and structural reforms."

"ABSTRACTDespite of having second largest proven natural gas reserve in Asia Pacific Region after China, consumption of natural gas in Indonesia are keep increasing, while the production of natural gas in Indonesia are at declining rate. On the other hand, the government of Indonesia are planning to use natural gas as a tool to reduce the emission and transition of energy  to renewable environmental friendly energy as a commitment to Paris Climate Agreement. However, Past literature focusing on forecast of natural gas production suggest that there will be decline after peak production of natural gas. The peak production of natural gas in Indonesia are expected to happen in 2018. The result of this study have conclude if it is not possible for the industry to fulfil the government utilization target of natural gas by 2025.

Despite of having second largest proven natural gas reserve in Asia Pacific Region after China, consumption of natural gas in Indonesia are keep increasing, while the production of natural gas in Indonesia are at declining rate. On the other hand, the government of Indonesia are planning to use natural gas as a tool to reduce the emission and transition of energy  to renewable environmental friendly energy as a commitment to Paris Climate Agreement. However, Past literature focusing on forecast of natural gas production suggest that there will be decline after peak production of natural gas. The peak production of natural gas in Indonesia are expected to happen in 2018. The result of this study have conclude if it is not possible for the industry to fulfil the government utilization target of natural gas by 2025.

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ABSTRACTMeskipun memiliki cadangan gas alam terbukti terbesar kedua di Wilayah Asia Pasifik setelah Cina, konsumsi gas alam di Indonesia terus meningkat, sementara produksi gas alam di Indonesia berada pada tingkat yang menurun. Di sisi lain, pemerintah Indonesia berencana untuk menggunakan gas alam sebagai alat untuk mengurangi emisi dan transisi energi menjadi energi ramah lingkungan yang terbarukan sebagai komitmen terhadap Paris Climate Agreement. Namun, literatur masa lalu yang berfokus pada perkiraan produksi gas bumi menunjukkan bahwa akan ada penurunan setelah produksi puncak gas alam. Puncak produksi gas alam di Indonesia diperkirakan akan terjadi pada tahun 2018. Hasil dari penelitian ini telah menyimpulkan jika industri tidak dapat memenuhi target pemanfaatan gas bumi oleh pemerintah pada tahun 2025."

"Eropa, yang menggunakan energi terbarukan hingga 1.469 TWh pada tahun 2019, telah mengokohkan diri sebagai benua pionir dalam hal pengembangan dan penggunaan energi terbarukan. Hal ini pun menjadikan negara-negara Eropa menjadi percontohan bagi negara-negara yang hendak mengalami transisi penggunaan energi primer nya ke arah energi terbarukan.Hal ini pun kemudian menjadi perhatian, apakah sejatinya keberhasilan pemanfaatan energi terbarukan di Eropa dipengaruhi oleh pola pikir masyarakatnya yang maju ataupun sebaliknya. Maka dari itu penelitian, yang dilandasi oleh teori transisi energi (Energiewende) ini mengkaji pengembangan energi terbarukan di 4 (empat) negara Eropa dengan menguji beberapa variabel independen dan pemanfaatan energi terbarukan (direpresentasikan oleh data produksi dan energi terbarukan dalam TWh). Studi Kuantitatif Partial Least Square menunjukan jika variabel independent PDB Per Kapita, Indeks Pembangunan Manusia, adalah variabel yang berpengaruh secara positif untuk konsumsi dan produksi energi terbarukan, sedangan variabel laten Konsumsi-Produksi Bahan Bakar Fosil merupakan variabel yang memberikan efek negative bagi pengembangan energi terbarukan. Keberhasilan negara-negara Eropa dalam pengembangan energi terbarukan ini pun dipengaruhi oleh paket kebijakan yang jelas, logis, dan terarah via berbagai insentif dari pemerintah untuk individu maupun pihak swasta.

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Europe, which used up to 1,469 TWh of renewable energy in 2019, has established itself as a pioneer continent in terms of the development and use of renewable energy. This also makes European countries a role model for countries that want to experience a transition from their primary energy use towards renewable energy. on the contrary. Therefore, this research, which is based on the energy transition theory (Energiewende), examines the development of renewable energy in 4 (four) European countries by examining several independent variables and the use of renewable energy (represented by production and consumption renewable energy data in TWh). The Partial Least Square Quantitative Study shows that the independent variable GDP Per Capita, and the Human Development Index, are the variable that have the biggest magnitude the consumption and production of renewable energy, while the latent variable Consumption-Production of Fossil Fuels is a variable that has a negative effect on the development of renewable energy. The success of European countries in developing renewable energy is also influenced by a clear, logical, and targeted policy package via various incentives from the government for individuals and private parties."

"To examine the history of electrical energy in Indonesia indicated that one century or more, the electrical energy had been managed in commercial. In facts, sixty years after independence, the electrification ratio is only reached 54 percents. In the other hand, the rules and regulations passed that electrical energy is a basic right of people's right and the electrical energy is key branch production shall be controlled by state.Indonesia has supply of electrical energy determined by the primary energy is sufficient and positive interaction to all stakeholders and corrective electrical energy policy. The subject of this study is to change fuel to non fuel power station that is aimed to reduce the operational cost. Another strategic problem is to authority the electrical energy management under controlled by national government that has not succeeded to solve it.Target of this study is to determine the factor, which is affected to increase the supply of electrical energy, to determine the strategic alternative the supply of electrical energy, to estimate the factor which is concerned to increase the supply of electrical energy based on the intelligence perspective. This study used the literature study and interview with analysis description approach that combined with Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) as the primary data collected from the experts or the persons who known on electrical energy.The result of study indicated that 69% respondents would like to wish the electrical energy management to be controlled by national government, Perum PT PLN still to be operator. This meant hat all investment and operational cost to be charged by state. The public has small chance to get and use the electricity connection that reflects to injustice and non-success. This atmosphere is the threat of political and security stability. The potential of threat occurred at the regional which producer's primer energy to power station occurred the electrical energy crisis, and another regional has not been supplied the electrical energy. Its implication is to national stability. To motivate the increasing of electrification ratio, the electrical energy policy has been integrated the regional as subject of development and private/cooperative as real condition the public participation."

"Dangerous CO2 emissions, massive oil spills, dwindling supplies the problems with fossil fuels are driving a longoverdue reassessment of our nation's energy policies. U.S. Congressman Jerry McNerney, a renewable energy engineer and the first representative with expertise in energy independence, leads the way to change. In "Clean Energy Nation", he and journalist Martin Cheek make an impassioned argument for drastically reducing dependency on fossil fuels and developing sustainable, readily available energy sources solar, wind, biofuel, geothermal, and hydrogen-based power. Bringing together a rare combination of scientific knowledge, political savvy, and insightful journalism, the authors reveal the pros and cons of alternative energy sources and examine how our nation became addicted to fossil fuels in the first place. The book reads like the dramatic story it is, complete with dire projections about peak oil and grim scenarios of rising oceans! keen insights into policies and players that have stalled progress on climate change and favored big oil!and astute recommendations for building a clean energy economy and a prosperous, stable future."

"Pemerintah Indonesia melakukan pengaturan harga jual gas bumi melalui pipa pada kegiatan usaha hilir minyak dan gas bumi melalui Peraturan Menteri Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral No. 58 tahun 2017. Peraturan tersebut belum mempertimbangkan daya beli konsumen gas bumi serta zona penetapan harga jual gas bumi ketika harga gas tersebut akan diterapkan. Tujuan studi ini adalah melakukan optimalisasi harga jual gas bumi hilir untuk sektor industri pada wilayah niaga yang ada di 46 kabupaten/kota. Optimalisasi dilakukan dengan memperhitungkan zona penetapan harga gas, net back produsen dan social welfare konsumen. Net back diperoleh dengan mengurangkan revenue penjualan gas bumi dengan biaya produksinya dari hulu sampai dengan hilir. Sedangkan social welfare diperoleh dari willingness to pay konsumen industri dikurangi harga jual gas bumi hilir. Perhitungan harga gas optimal dilakukan dengan metode optimasi multi obyektif untuk memperoleh titik optimum antara fungsi net back dan social welfare. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa zona gas pool merupakan zona penetapan harga jual gas bumi hilir yang optimal karena memberikan efek minimal bagi konsumen industri dan memberikan kemudahan implementasi bagi pemerintah dan badan usaha pemegang izin usaha niaga gas bumi. Selain itu, harga di gas pool dapat mencakup beberapa wilayah jaringan distribusi dengan tingkat kematangan pasar yang berbeda. Harga gas optimal pada zona gas pool berada pada rentang 8,63-16,99 USD/MMBTU dimana sebagian besar dari harga gas dari formula peraturan berada dalam rentang tersebut.

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Indonesia regulates the pipeline gas selling price in oil and gas downstream business activities by issuing the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation Number 58 of 2017. It has formulated the gas price by calculating the trading companies' internal rate of return and margin but has not yet considered the purchasing power of their consumers and the gas price zone determination for when the gas price will be implemented. The study aims to optimize the gas price for industrial sector in the existing sales areas in 46 districts. The optimization is conducted by considering the pricing zones, producer net backs, and consumer social welfare. Net back value is calculated by subtracting natural gas sales revenue with upstream and downstream production costs. Social welfare value is calculated from the willingness to pay of industrial consumers minus the pipeline gas selling price. The optimal gas price is calculated using multi-objective optimization method to obtain the optimum point between the net back and social welfare functions. The study found that the gas pool is an optimal pricing zone due to have minimum effect for consumers and easy implementation for trading gas companies and government. The gas pool price can cover several cities that have different levels of market maturity. The optimal gas price in gas pool is around 8,63-16,99 USD/MMBTU that most of gas price from the regulation formulation is on this range."

"This book contains an analysis of regulatory reforms in Turkish energy markets (electricity, natural gas, renewable and nuclear energy), the impact of these reforms on country's energy portfolio and role in global energy trade, especially between the EU, the Caspian, Caucasus, and Central Asia. Finally, the book concludes with recommendations for Turkish energy policy. ;This book contains an analysis of regulatory reforms in Turkish energy markets (electricity, natural gas, renewable and nuclear energy), the impact of these reforms on country's energy portfolio and role in global energy trade, especially between the EU, the Caspian, Caucasus, and Central Asia. Finally, the book concludes with recommendations for Turkish energy policy. "

"ABSTRAKMakalah ini menyajikan analisis mengenai efektivitas kebijakan energiterbarukan dan praktek kebijakannya di Indonesia, dengan mengacu kepadapraktek kebijakan energi terbarukan di Uni Eropa, negara-negara anggota OECD(Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) dan negara-negaraBRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China dan South Africa). Tulisan ini membahasfactor-faktor kunci penentu keberhasilan kebijakan pengembangan energiterbarukan dalam konteks Indonesia. Secara keseluruhan, makalah inimemberikan kontribusi untuk memahami kebijakan RE secara umum dan faktorfaktoryang mendorong keberhasilan pelaksanaan RE di Indonesia padakhususnya. Penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa meskipun berbagai kebijakandan program pengembangkan energi terbarukan telah dibuat oleh PemerintahIndonesia, namun realisasinya masih di bawah target yang ditetapkan, sehinggahal ini membawa implikasi serius terhadap keamanan energi nasional.Berdasarkan identifikasi, faktor utama yang menghambat program pengembanganenergi terbarukan di Indonesia adalah hambatan non-ekonomi.

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ABSTRACTThis paper presents an analysis of the effectiveness of RE policy and policypractice in Indonesia. It is based on RE policy practices in European Union,OECD and BRICS countries. Discussing key important factors of RE policy inIndonesian context, the study reveals that despite various policies and programswhich the Government of Indonesia has made, the realization of RE deploymentis still under the stated target, which can have implication for the national energysecurity. This might be attributed to non-economic barriers. Overall, this papercontributes to the understanding of RE policies in general and factors encouragingsuccessful implementation of RE in particular."

"Atomic information technology covers, atomic economics and management, Atomic safety and reliability, and Atomic safeguarding and security. Either as a standalone volume or as a companion to conventional nuclear safety and reliability books, Atomic information technology acts as a concise and thorough reference on statistical assessment technology in the nuclear industry."

"Hall and Klitgaard explore the relation between energy and the wealth explosion of the 20th century, the failure of markets to recognize or efficiently allocate diminishing resources, the economic consequences of peak oil, the EROI for finding and exploiting new oil fields, and whether alternative energy technologies such as wind and solar power meet the minimum EROI requirements needed to run our society as we know it. "