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"Insomnia dikarakterisasikan dengan keluhan subjektif mengenai ketidakpuasan terhadap kualitas dan durasi tidur, kesulitan untuk menginisiasi tidur pada jam tidur, atau terbangun di tengah malam. Pengobatan herbal efektif dalam mengatasi gangguan tidur karena mengandung senyawa aktif yang memiliki efek sedatif hipnotik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk merancang produk herbal yang membantu meringankan gangguan sulit tidur, menganalisis market dalam negeri maupun luar negeri produk serupa, menganalisis kompetitor produk sejenis, membuat rencana branding produk dan membuat rencana marketing produk. Hasil yang didapat adalah bahan aktif dalam rancangan produk obat herbal ini terdiri dari Valerianae radix extract (Akar Valerian), Myristica frograns semen extract (Biji Pala), Curcumae domestica extract (Kunyit), Alyxia reinwardtii extract (Kulit Pulasari), Foeniculum vulgare extract (Adas), Anacardium occidentale (Daun jambu mete). Masing-masing bahan aktif herbal ini mempunyai zat aktif yang memiliki aktivitas hipnotik sedatif, sehingga bermanfaat untuk mengatasi insomnia. Berdasarkan analisa pasar, total penjualan produk serupa menurut data IQVIA 2021 adalah sebesar Rp25,786,851,721 dan juga kompetitor pada produk herbal serupa masih minim sehingga membuat peluang bisnis untuk produk herbal ini sangat besar. Berdasarkan tinjauan produksi, PT. Indofarma memiliki kapasitas untuk memproduksi obat herbal. Rencana branding dan marketing akan menggunakan marketing ATL serta BTL untuk meningkatkan penjualan produk.

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Insomnia is characterized by subjective complaints of dissatisfaction with sleep quality and duration, difficulty initiating sleep at bedtime, or waking up in the middle of the night. Herbal medicine is effective in overcoming sleep disorders because it contains active compounds that have a sedative-hypnotic effect. The purpose of this research is to design herbal products that help relieve insomnia, analyze domestic and foreign markets for similar products, analyze competitors for similar products, make product branding plans and make product marketing plans. The results obtained are that the active ingredients in the design of this herbal medicinal product consist of Valerianae radix extract (Valerian root), Myristica frograns semen extract (Nutmeg Seed), Curcumae domestica extract (Turmeric), Alyxia reinwardtii extract (Pulasari peel), Foeniculum vulgare extract ( Fennel), Anacardium occidentale (Cashew leaves). Each of these herbal active ingredients has an active substance that has sedative-hypnotic activity, making it useful for treating insomnia. Based on market analysis, total sales of similar products according to IQVIA 2021 data amounted to IDR 25,786,851,721 and also competitors for similar herbal products are still minimal, making the business opportunities for these herbal products very large. Based on the production review, PT. Indofarma has the capacity to manufacture herbal medicines. The branding and marketing plan will use ATL and BTL marketing to increase product sales."

"Ruang Lingkup dan Cara Penelitian: Jamu peluntur seringkali diminum oleh wanita hamil untuk menggugurkan kandungan. Di Indonesia terdapat berbagai Jenis atau merk jamu peluntur dengan komponen yang tidak selalu sama. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah pemberian jamu peluntur cap Air Mancur pada mencit hamil secara per oral selama periode organogenesis dapat mempengaruhi perkembangan fetus yang berada dalam kandungan. Hewan coba yang dipakai adalah mencit betina strain Biomedis, umur ± 22 bulan, berat 20 - 25 gram, sehat, belum pernah dikawinkan. Digunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan tiga tingkatan dosis. Mencit betina yang telah hamil dibagi menjadi lima kelompok secara acak:I. Kelompok kontrol yang tidak diberi apa-apa (RI, n = 10)II. Kelompok kontrol yang diberi CMC 0,5% (K2, n = 9)III. Kelompok yang diberi jamu peluntur 10 X dosis manusia (P1, n = 10)IV. Kelompok yang diberi jamu peluntur 20 X dosis manusia (P2, n = 8)V. Kelompok yang diberi jamu peluntur 40 X dosis manusia (P3, n = 12)Jamu peluntur diberi secara oral pada hari ke sampai dengan hari ke 15 kehamilan. Pada hari ke 18 kehamilan mencit dianestesi dan dilakukan histerektomi. Parameter yang diamati: jumlah implantasi, jumlah fetus yang mati maupun diresorpsi, cacat bawaan eksternal, internal dan cacat bawaan tulang.Hasil dan Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan hasil analisis statistik ternyata bahwa pemberian jamu peluntur cap Air Mancur 10, 20 dan 40 X dosis manusia tidak menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna terhadap jumlah implantasi, peningkatan jumlah fetus mati maupun diresorpsi, cacat bawaan internal maupun cacat bawaan tulang pada fetus bila dibandingkan dengan kontrol (p >0,05). Pemberian jamu peluntur dengan dosis 10 dan 20 X dosis manusia tidakemenyebabkan perbedaan bermakna terhadap terjadinya cacat bawaan eksternal bila dibandingkan dengan kontrol (p >0,05), sedangkan pemberian jamu peluntur dengan 40 X dosis manusia menyebabkan terjadinya fetus kerdil yang bermakna bila dibandingkan dengan kontrol (p <0,05).

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Scope and Method of Study: Jamu peluntur (traditional herbs to regulate menstruation) is often used by pregnant women as an abortivum. In Indonesia there are many kinds of jamu peluntur and the ingredients of each jamu are not always the same. The purpose of this research is to find out whether jamu peluntur cap Air Mancur given to pregnant mice orally in organogenesis period could affect the fetus. This research was performed by using female Biomedical mice of 21 months old, weight 20 - 25 gram, healthy and virgin. Jamu peluntur was given in 3 dose level in a completely randomized design and the pregnant mice were divided

I. Control group which no herb was given (K1, N=10)

II. Control group which was given 0,5 % CMC (K2, N=9)

III. Group which was given jamu peluntur 10 X human dose (P1, n = 10)

IV. Group which was given jamu peluntur 20 X human dose (P2, n = 8)

V. Group which was given jamu peluntur 40 X human dose (P3, n = 12)

Jamu peluntur was given orally on the 6th to 15th day of pregnancy. On the 18th day of pregnancy the mice were anesthetized and followed by hysterectomy. The parameters observed were: the number of implantation, the incidence of fetal death and fetal resorption, the incidence of external and internal malformation including bone malformation on the fetus.

Findings and Conclusions: The statistical analysis revealed that jamu peluntur cap Air Mancur given to pregnant mice 10, 20 and 40 X human dose orally during organogenesis period did not cause significant difference in number of implantation, in increasing fetal death or fetal resorption, in congenital internal malformation and bone malformation on the fetus compared to the control group (p >0.05). Jamu peluntur 10 and 20 X human dose did not cause significant difference in external malformation on the fetus compared to the control group (p >0.05); however, jamu peluntur 40 X human dose caused significant runt on the fetus compared to the control group (p <0.05)."

"Evidence based herbal drugs are on hi-acceptance day by day due to health friendly nature compared to synthetic drugs. The active ingredients in herbal drugs are different chemical classes, e.g. alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, steroids, terpenes etc., are identified at molecular level using current analytical practices, which are unique characteristic, as finger, so known as fingerprints. The fingerprints are used for assessment of quality consistency and stability by visible observation and comparison of the standardized fingerprint pattern, have scientific potential to decipher the claims made on these drugs for authenticity and reliability of chemical constituents, with total traceability, which starts from the proper identification, season and area of collection, storage, their processing, stability during processing, and rationalizing the combinational in case of polyherbal drugs. These quality oriented documents have ample scientific logics so well accepted globally by regulatory authorities and industries, to determine intentional/ unintentional contamination, adulteration, pollutants, stability, quality, etc. parameters. Based on geo-climatic factors, a same plant species has different pharmacological properties due to different ingredients; such regional and morphological variations are identified by fingerprints, at the time of collection of the medicinal herb. The chromatographic (TLC, HPTLC, HPLC, GC,) and spectral (UV-Vis., FTIR, MNR, MS, LC-MS, GC-MS etc.) techniques have world-wide strong scientific approval as validated methods to generate the fingerprints of different chemical classes of active ingredients of herbal drugs. Presently there is a need for a book having all the fingerprinting techniques for herbal drugs at a place with theory, case studies and art to discover patentable forms. "

"Jamu tradisional anti reumatik merupakan salah satu pengobatan yang paling sering dikonsumsi masyarakat penderita reumatik. Namun, ditemukan beberapa jamu anti reumatik yang mengandung bahan kimia obat, diantaranya steroid serta metampiron yang dapat menimbulkan efek samping dalam tubuh bila dikonsumsi dengan dosis yang tidak sesuai dan jangka waktu yang panjang. Studi pendahuluan ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi beberapa jamu anti rematik anakah yang mengandung bahan kimia tersebut dengan menggunakan metode reaksi warna, analisis kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) dan spektrofotometer. Pada penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa pada beberapa jamu anti rematik yang diteliti diduga mengandung steroid dan metampiron.

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Anti rheumatic traditional herbs is one of the healing commonly used medicine taken mostly by those who have problem with rheumatic. But it was found out that the traditional herbs contains chemical substance, for example this chemistry substance is considered as steroid and methampiron that is likely to create side effect in human body if is it used in wrong doses and in a long term. This experiment is intended to find out which kind of anti rheumatic traditional herbs contains this kind of harmful chemical substance by using the colour reaction tested, Thin Layer Chromatography and ectrophotometer . It is concluded that in a few anti rheumatic traditional herbs which wa observed contains much steroid and metampiron."

"Diabetes melitus (DM) adalah gangguan metabolik yang ditandai dengan tingginya kadar gula darah sebagai akibat resistensi insulin, insufisiensi sekresi insulin, atau keduanya. Salah satu jenis DM adalah Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (DM tipe 2) dan salah satu cara pengobatannya yaitu dengan penghambatan kerja enzim α-glukosidase. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas penghambatan enzim α-glukosidase dari ekstrak etanol 80% beberapa simplisia dari famili Apocynaceae dan Rubiaceae, untuk mengetahui jenis mekanisme penghambatan dari ekstrak yang memiliki aktivitas paling baik, dan untuk mengetahui golongan senyawa kimia yang terkandung pada ekstrakekstrak tersebut. Pengujian aktivitas penghambatan enzim α-glukosidase dilakukan secara in vitro menggunakan metode spektrofotometri. Nilai IC50 ekstrak-ekstrak dalam penelitian ini berkisar antara 3,64 µg/mL sampai dengan 181,90 µg/mL. Ekstrak daun Amaracarpus pubescens Blume. memiliki aktivitas penghambatan paling baik. Jenis mekanisme penghambatan kerja enzim α-glukosidasenya adalah penghambat campuran (mixed inhibitor). Kandungan golongan senyawa kimia yang banyak ditemukan pada ekstrak etanol 80% dari lima simplisia famili Apocynaceae dalam penelitian ini adalah tanin, glikosida, saponin, dan antrakuinon. Sedangkan, pada ekstrak etanol 80% dari sepuluh simplisia famili Rubiaceae dalam penelitian ini adalah alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoid, tanin, glikosida, dan antrakuinon.

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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels as a result of insulin resistance, insulin secretion insufficiency, or both. One type of DM is Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (type 2 DM) and one way of its treatment is by inhibiting the α-glucosidase. The purpose of this study was to determine the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of ethanol 80% extracts of several symplicia from the Apocynaceae and Rubiaceae, to determine inhibitory mechanism type of the extract that has the best activity, and to screen the phytochemical compounds contained in these extracts. Inhibitory activity testing of the α-glucosidase was performed in vitro using spectrophotometric methods. IC50 value of extracts in this study ranged from 3.64 µg/mL to 181.90 µg/mL. Amaracarpus pubescens Blume. leaf extract has the best inhibitory activity. Its type of enzyme inhibition mechanism is the mixed inhibitor. The phytochemical compounds which are found in ethanol 80% extracts of five symplicia of Apocynaceae in this study are tannins, glycosides, saponins and anthraquinones. Meanwhile, in ethanol 80% extracts of ten symplicia of Rubiaceae in this study are alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, glycosides, and anthraquinones."

"[ABSTRAKTanaman sambiloto (Andrographis Paniculata Nees ) memiliki banyak manfaat dalam pengobatan, salah satunya sebagai obat antikanker. Liposom merupakan salah satu perkembangan dari sistem penghantaran obat yang telah diteliti dapat digunakan sebagai pembawa obat-obat, protein, dan zat?zat molekuler lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan obat dengan bahan dasar ekstrak herba sambiloto yang dienkapsulasi liposom dan diuji aktivitas antiproliferasinya terhadap sel kanker payudara T47D. Metode yang digunakan dalam pembuatan liposom ini adalah metode hidrasi lapis tipis. Pengecilan ukuran partikel dilakukan dengan cara ekstrusi. Evaluasi yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah distribusi ukuran partikel dan zeta potensial dengan alat DLS, efisiensi penjerapan dengan alat dialisis, morfologi ukuran dengan alat TEM. Uji antiproliferasi sel kanker menggunakan metode MTT. Hasil yang diperoleh pada TEM yang menggambarkan model liposom OLV dengan ukuran ±50 nm; distribusi ukuran partikel liposom sebesar 452,5 dan 43,82 nm serta zeta potensial sebesar -11,3 mV; efisiensi penjerapan sebesar 61,63 %. IC50 dari liposom ekstrak dan larutan ekstrak berturut-turut adalah 11,997 ppm dan 27,488 ppm. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa enkapsulasi ekstrak herba sambiloto dengan liposom memberikan pengaruh terhadap aktivitas antiproliferasi sel kanker payudara T47D.

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ABSTRACT

;A Sambiloto?s Plant (Andrographis paniculata Nees) has many benefits in the medicals treatment, one of them as an anticancer drug. Liposomes are one of the development of drug delivery systems that have been studied can be used as carriers of drugs, proteins, and other molecular substances. This research aims to develop drugs with a basis of extract of bitter herbs are encapsulated with liposomes for comparison their antiproliferation activity against T47D breast cancer cells. The method which used in the manufacture of liposomes is thin layer hydration method. Reduction of particle size liposomes is done by extrusion. Evaluations were performed in this study is the particle size distribution and zeta potential by DLS, entrapment efficiency by dialisis, morphology size by TEM. Antiproliferation cancer cells test using MTT method. Results obtained at the TEM depicting the model OLV liposomes with a size of about ±50 nm; liposome particle size distribution of 441 and 45.3 nm, and zeta potential of -11.3 mV; The entrapment efficiency of 61.69%. Showed IC50 of liposomes extract and extract solution are respectively 11,997 ppm and 27,488 ppm. This result showed that the extract of bitter herbs encapsulation with liposomes give effect to the antiploriferative activity of T47D breast cancer cells.

;A Sambiloto?s Plant (Andrographis paniculata Nees) has many benefits in the medicals treatment, one of them as an anticancer drug. Liposomes are one of the development of drug delivery systems that have been studied can be used as carriers of drugs, proteins, and other molecular substances. This research aims to develop drugs with a basis of extract of bitter herbs are encapsulated with liposomes for comparison their antiproliferation activity against T47D breast cancer cells. The method which used in the manufacture of liposomes is thin layer hydration method. Reduction of particle size liposomes is done by extrusion. Evaluations were performed in this study is the particle size distribution and zeta potential by DLS, entrapment efficiency by dialisis, morphology size by TEM. Antiproliferation cancer cells test using MTT method. Results obtained at the TEM depicting the model OLV liposomes with a size of about ±50 nm; liposome particle size distribution of 441 and 45.3 nm, and zeta potential of -11.3 mV; The entrapment efficiency of 61.69%. Showed IC50 of liposomes extract and extract solution are respectively 11,997 ppm and 27,488 ppm. This result showed that the extract of bitter herbs encapsulation with liposomes give effect to the antiploriferative activity of T47D breast cancer cells.

, A Sambiloto’s Plant (Andrographis paniculata Nees) has many benefits in the medicals treatment, one of them as an anticancer drug. Liposomes are one of the development of drug delivery systems that have been studied can be used as carriers of drugs, proteins, and other molecular substances. This research aims to develop drugs with a basis of extract of bitter herbs are encapsulated with liposomes for comparison their antiproliferation activity against T47D breast cancer cells. The method which used in the manufacture of liposomes is thin layer hydration method. Reduction of particle size liposomes is done by extrusion. Evaluations were performed in this study is the particle size distribution and zeta potential by DLS, entrapment efficiency by dialisis, morphology size by TEM. Antiproliferation cancer cells test using MTT method. Results obtained at the TEM depicting the model OLV liposomes with a size of about ±50 nm; liposome particle size distribution of 441 and 45.3 nm, and zeta potential of -11.3 mV; The entrapment efficiency of 61.69%. Showed IC50 of liposomes extract and extract solution are respectively 11,997 ppm and 27,488 ppm. This result showed that the extract of bitter herbs encapsulation with liposomes give effect to the antiploriferative activity of T47D breast cancer cells.

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