Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"This book provides a series of reports from the 1st International Conference on Model Hosts. This first of its kind meeting focused on invertebrate, vertebrate and amoeboid systems used for the study of host-pathogen interactions, virulence and immunity, as well as on the relevance of these pathogenesis systems and mammalian models. Importantly, a common, fundamental set of molecular mechanisms is employed by a significant number of microbial pathogens against a widely divergent array of metazoan hosts. Moreover, the evolutionarily conserved immune responses of these model hosts have contributed important insights to our understanding of the innate immune response of mammals."

"Infeksi Human Papillomavirus (HPV) memiliki korelasi yang erat dengan insidensi kanker serviks. Pada penelitian ini dikembangkan chimeric virus like particles (cVLP) sebagai kandidat vaksin untuk mencegah kanker serviks. cVLP dikembangkan dengan mensubstitusi epitop dari protein HPV-18 L1 dan HPV-52 L1 dengan protein HPV-16 L1. Pada penelitian ini ditemukan empat desain vaksin kimerik, yaitu ANN1, ANN2, HMM1, dan HMM2. Kajian ini akan menentukan efek dari modifikasi pos translasi. Berdasarkan kajian in silico, modifikasi pos translasi yang dominan adalah glikosilasi.

---

Computational Study of Post Translation Modification in Chimeric Virus Like Particles Vaccine of Human Papilloma Virus with Virion Capsid L1. The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection has a tight correlation with the incidence of cervical cancer. Chimeric virus like particles (cVLP) has been developed as vaccine candidate for preventing cervical cancer. cVLPs are improvement of Virus Like Particles (VLP) by substituting the epitope of L1 HPV -18 and -52 protein to L1 HPV -16 protein. They are ANN1, ANN2, HMM1, and HMM2. The impact of post translation modification will be determined. Based on In Silico study, the dominant post translation modification is glycosylation."

"Unit kerja/UPT lingkup badan litbang pertanian telah mengembangkan perpustakaan berbasis teknologi informasi dan komunikasi (TIK). Tujuan pengembangan perpustakaan berbasis TIK tersebut salah satunya agar data dan informasi dapat diakses secara luas melalui internet. Selain itu dalam rangka efisiensi dan sinergi antar data, dikembangkan katalog induk online yg merupakan gabungan semua data yang dikelola UK/UPT. Sesuai dengan kondisi infrastruktur yang ada maka pengembangan katalog induk online perpustakaan lingkup badan litbang pertanian menggunakan sistem terpusat, dengan server pusat perpustakaan dan penyebaran Teknologi Petanian (PUSTAKA) sebagai induk (host) dan server UK/UPT sebagai simpul (node) kendala yang dihadapi dalam pengembangan katalod induk online adalah keterbatasan infrastruktur dan kapasitas pengelola perpustakaan serta kualitas data pada masing-masing simpul."

"Teknologi informasi memiliki peran penting dalam upaya meningkatkan kepatuhan perpajakan di Indonesia. Pendekatan Inovasi Kepatuhan Pajak dengan memanfaatkan teknologi informasi diharapkan dapat membangun mutual trust dalam era baru hubungan Wajib Pajak dan otoritas pajak dalam rangka peningkatan tax ratio di Indonesia. Di tengah tingginya sengketa dan penyalahgunaan Faktur Pajak dalam bidang Pajak Pertambahan Nilai (PPN), reformasi pajak dilakukan dengan pemanfaatan teknologi informasi untuk memberikan kemudahan administrasi pajak bagi Wajib Pajak dalam pelaksanaan hak dan kewajiban perpajakan Wajib Pajak. Di sisi lain, hal tersebut diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan dan pemeriksaan pajak otoritas pajak, termasuk integrasi data perpajakan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis penerapan Integrasi Data Perpajakan dengan menggunakan e-Faktur Host-to-Host dalam upaya menciptakan hubungan kepatuhan kolaboratif dalam rangka penerapan konsep inovasi kepatuhan pajak antara Wajib Pajak dengan otoritas pajak. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan post-positivism dengan metode kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam dilakukan melalui studi pada PT X. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan program integrasi data perpajakan di PT X berjalan cukup baik, dilihat berdasarkan dimensi yang digunakan yaitu penegakan hukum, pemberian fasilitas, dan kepercayaan. Dalam hal ini kegiatan penegakan hukum terkait dengan pengawasan Wajib Pajak dilakukan dengan lebih baik dan efisien karena telah didukung oleh peningkatan kompetensi otoritas pajak dalam melaksanakan tugasnya. Penyediaan fasilitas perpajakan dengan memberikan kemudahan berpengaruh kepada meningkatnya kepatuhan Wajib Pajak dalam melaksanakan kewajiban pajaknya. Hal ini juga berpengaruh pada dimensi kepercayaan dimana fakta menunjukkan bahwa kondisi kepercayaan menuju ke arah yang lebih baik. Penerapan program ini menciptakan mutual trust dan mutual understanding antara Wajib Pajak dan otoritas pajak di PT X. Implikasi terhadap penerapan program ini juga dirasakan dari sisi cost of taxation yang dikeluarkan oleh kedua belah pihak.

---

Information technology has an important role in efforts to improve tax compliance in Indonesia. The collaborative compliance approach by utilizing information technology is expected to build mutual trust in a new era of relations between taxpayers and tax authorities in the context of increasing tax ratio in Indonesia. In the midst of high disputes and misuse of tax invoices, tax reform is carried out by utilizing information technology to provide convenience in the implementation of taxpayer's rights and obligations. On the other hand, it is expected to improve the quality of tax authority services. This research was conducted to analyze the application of Tax Data Integration using Host-to-Host (H2H) e-Invoice to implementing collaborative compliance. This research was conducted using a post-positivist approach with qualitative methods with innovation in tax compliance and cost of taxation concept. Data collection were carried out through in-depth interviews conducted through studies at PT X. The results showed that the application of the tax data integration program at PT X went quite well, viewed based on the dimensions of law enforcement, provision of facilities, and trust. In this case, law enforcement activities related to taxpayer supervision are carried out better and more efficiently because they have been supported by the increased competence of tax authorities in carrying out their duties. Provision of taxation facilities by providing convenience influences increasing taxpayer compliance in carrying out its tax obligations. This also affects the dimension of trust where trust between actors leads to a better direction. The implementation of this program creates mutual trust and mutual understanding between PT X and tax authorities. The implications for the implementation of this program are also felt in terms of the cost of taxation issued by both parties.

"

"[Bilateral Investment Treaty merupakan perjanjian internasional antara dua negara yang berfungsi untuk melindungi kepentingan investor asing dan host state. Klausul ekspropriasi merupakan salah satu kalusul penting dalam BIT guna melindungi hak investor asing dari perampasan property secara langsung maupun kerugian lain yang mungkin timbul. Ekspropriasi terbagi menjadi indirect expropriation dan indirect expropriation. Thesis ini mencoba mengalisis ruang lingkup dari indirect expropriation dalam hubungannya dengan kedaulatan negara

dalam mengambil kebijakan berdasarkan pada hukum internasional;Bilateral Investment Treaty is a treaty between two States which functions to protect investor?s interest, as well as, the host state?s. Expropriation clause is one of the importent clauses in BITs to protect the right of foreign investor from the act of confiscation of property directly, and its subsequent injuries. Expropriation consists of direct expropriation and indirect expropriation. This thesis tries to

analyze the scope of indirect expropriation, related to the State?s sovereignty in taking policies based on international law.;Bilateral Investment Treaty is a treaty between two States which functions to

protect investor?s interest, as well as, the host state?s. Expropriation clause is one

of the importent clauses in BITs to protect the right of foreign investor from the

act of confiscation of property directly, and its subsequent injuries. Expropriation

consists of direct expropriation and indirect expropriation. This thesis tries to

analyze the scope of indirect expropriation, related to the State?s sovereignty in

taking policies based on international law., Bilateral Investment Treaty is a treaty between two States which functions to

protect investor’s interest, as well as, the host state’s. Expropriation clause is one

of the importent clauses in BITs to protect the right of foreign investor from the

act of confiscation of property directly, and its subsequent injuries. Expropriation

consists of direct expropriation and indirect expropriation. This thesis tries to

analyze the scope of indirect expropriation, related to the State’s sovereignty in

taking policies based on international law.]"

"ABSTRAKPenelitian mengenai lichen dilakukan di lingkungan kampus Universitas Indonesia, Depok pada Agustus 2015 -- Januari 2016. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan struktur komunitas lichen di Universitas Indonesia, Depok. Tujuh plot 25 x 25 m dibuat di hutan kota dan sembilan garis transek masing-masing sepanjang 50 m dibuat di jalan utama kampus. Lima pohon dipilih pada setiap titik plot dan transek garis sebagai sampel. Sampel diambil dari pohon dengan DBH (Diameter at Breast Height) minimal 20 cm dengan jaring plastik 10 cm x 10 cm yang melekat di utara, selatan, timur, dan barat sisi batang pohon. Jaring plastik dibagi menjadi 100 kotak persegi, kemudian ditempel pada pohon dengan ketinggian yang berbeda (0 cm -- 100 cm dan 100 cm -- 200 cm) dari permukaan tanah. Hasilnya diperoleh tiga famili lichen yang ditemukan di hutan kota yaitu, Leprariaceae, Sarrameanaceae dan Physciaceae dan lima famili lichen di jalan utama kampus yaitu, Sarrameanaceae, Parmeliaceae, Leprariaceae, Graphidaceae dan Physciaceae. Kesamaan famili lichen antara hutan kota dan jalan utama kampus berdasarkan Indeks Sorenson sebesar 75%. Famili Leprariaceae adalah famili yang dominan di hutan kota, sementara Sarrameanaceae adalah famili yang dominan di jalan utama kampus. Keragaman lichen kedua lokasi dikategorikan sedang berdasarkan Indeks Shannon Wiener (H '1--3), namun tidak ada yang berbeda secara signifikan di antara kedua tempat tersebut. Famili Leprariaceae memiliki frekuensi kehadiran tertinggi pada pohon inang yaitu pohon daruak (Microcos tomentosa) sebesar 7,5%. Berdasarkan uji asosiasi (x2) antara tekstur kulit pohon dengan lichen menunjukkan asosiasi positif antara tekstur kulit pohon dengan lichen. Kehadiran famili Sarrameanaceae, Leprariaceae, Graphidaceae dan Physciaceae dipengaruhi oleh tekstur kulit pohon inang sedikit kasar.

---

ABSTRACTResearch on lichens was conducted at the Universitas Indonesia, Depok on August 2015 -- January 2016. The aim of this research is to determine community structur of lichen at the Universitas Indonesia, Depok. Seven plots of 25 x 25 m2 were made at the urban forest, while nine of 50 m line transect were made at the main road. Five trees of each plots and line transect were sampled. The samples were taken from trees with DBH (Diameter at Breast Height) minimum 20 cm then the grid 10 cm x 10 cm were attached at northern, southern, eastern, and western site of the trunk. The grid was divided into 100 square, then attached on trees in different height (0 cm - 100 cm and 100 cm - 200 cm) from the land surface. The result obtained three family of lichens were found in urban forest, they are Leprariaceae, Sarrameanaceae and Physciaceae. Five family were found at the main road, they were Sarrameanaceae, Parmeliaceae, Leprariaceae, Graphidaceae and Physciaceae. The similarity of lichens family between the urban forest and main road based on Sorenson similarity were high 75%. Family Leprariaceae was the dominant family at the urban forest, while Sarrameanaceae was dominant family at the main road. The diversity of lichen at both sites were categorized medium based on Shannon Wiener index (H? 1--3), however there was not significantly different between those place. Family Leprariaceae was the highest frequency of present on daruak (Microcos tomentosa) host tree, that was 7,5%. Based association test (x2) between the texture of tree bark with lichen, shows that positive association between the texture of tree bark with lichen,the presence of Sarrameanaceae, Leprariaceae, Graphidaceae and Physciaceae family is influenced by bark slightly rough"

"Klausul fair and equitable treatment FET merupakan salah satu bentuk perlindungan terhadap kegiatan investasi asing. Klausul FET tersebut muncul dalam hampir seluruh perjanjian penanaman modal asing antar negara, baik negara maju maupun negara berkembang. Akan tetapi, klausul FET masih menjadi kontroversi karena definisi dan ruang lingkupnya yang belum diatur secara tegas dalam hukum internasional, sehingga dalam penerapannya, majelis arbitrase yang memeriksa dan memutus sengketa investasi tentang pelanggaran klausul FET menafsirkan klausul FET secara luas. Akibatnya, klausul FET dianggap hanya memihak kepada kepentingan investor asing yang mayoritas merupakan negara maju, dan merugikan kepentingan host state selaku negara yang menerima investasi, yang mayoritas merupakan negara berkembang. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pembatasan terhadap klausul FET dengan menentukan komponen-komponen yang terkandung dalam klausul FET dan memasukannya ke dalam ketentuan-ketentuan yang lebih spesifik. Selain itu, diperlukan juga keseimbangan antara penerapan klausul FET terhadap negara maju dan negara berkembang, dengan menyesuaikan pada tahap pembangunan negara terkait.

---

Fair and equitable treatment FET is one of the protection clauses in foreign investment. The FET clause exists in almost all international investment agreements between countries, whether in developed countries or developing countries. However, the existence of the said clause is still an object of controversy, since the meaning and scope of the clause have not been stipulated strictly in international law. As a result, during the implementation, the arbitrators who examine and rule the investment cases regarding breach of the FET clause could interpret the clause widely, resulting in bias that the arbitrators only side with the foreign investors from developed countries, and harm the interest of host states from developing countries. Therefore, the limitation of the FET clause is needed, by deciding the components contained in the FET clause and specify the components into more specific rules. Besides, balance is also needed when implementing the FET clause between developed countries and developing countries, to adjust with the development level currently take place in related countries."

"

Malaria adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh parasit Plasmodium dan ditularkan melalui gigitan nyamuk Anopheles betina terinfeksi. Pada umumnya, terdapat lima spesies Plasmodium yang dapat menyebabkan penyakit malaria. Dari kelima spesies tersebut, Plasmodium falciparum dan Plasmodium vivax adalah dua spesies Plasmodium yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya superinfeksi malaria dalam tubuh manusia. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan pemerintah untuk mengendalikan malaria, di antaranya dengan menggunakan obat Artemisinin-based Combination Therapies (ACT) serta fumigasi untuk membasmi nyamuk. Pada penelitian ini, dikonstruksi model penyebaran superinfeksi malaria dengan intervensi pengobatan dan fumigasi. Lebih lanjut, kajian analitis dan numerik mengenai titik keseimbangan bebas penyakit, titik keseimbangan endemik, dan basic reproduction number (R0) dilakukan untuk memahami dinamika jangka pendek dari model yang telah dikonstruksi. (R0) merupakan ekspektasi banyaknya infeksi sekunder dalam suatu poopulasi. Hasil analisis sensitivitas menunjukkan bahwa laju kematian nyamuk akibat fumigasi merupakan parameter yang paling memengaruhi nilai R0. Kemudian, hasil simulasi autonomous menunjukkan bahwa pengobatan bagi manusia yang terinfeksi, baik terinfeksi Plasmodium falciparum dan Plasmodium vivax, dapat menghilangkan superinfeksi malaria dari populasi.

---

Malaria is a disease caused by the parasite Plasmodium and transmitted by the bite of an infected female Anopheles. In general, there are five species of Plasmodium that can cause malaria. Of the five species, Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax are two species of Plasmodium that can allow malaria superinfection in the human body. Various attempts were made by the government to control malaria, such as with the Artemisininbased Combination Therapies (ACT) and fumigation to eradicate the mosquitoes. In this study, a malaria superinfection spread model was constructed with treatment and fumigation interventions. Furthermore, analytical and numerical studies of disease-free equilibrium points, endemic equilibrium points, and basic reproduction number (R0) are carried out to understand the short-term dynamics of the constructed model. (R0) is an expectation number for the second infection in population. The results of sensitivity analysis show that fumigation is the most influence parameter respect to the value of R0. Then, autonomous simulation show that treatment for infected humans, both infected with Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, can eliminate malaria superinfection from the population.

"