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"This volume consists of eight chapters, selected from papers presented at the Symposium on Human Capital and Health Behavior, organized by the Centre for Health Economics, University of Gothenburg, Sweden, May 19-20, 2016."

"ABSTRAKStudi ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi perbedaan aspek kesehatan dan prestasi akademik dari anak-anak yang terpapar asap rook dengan yang tidak terpapar asap rokok di rumah lingkungan dengan kondisi asap rokok berlebihan akan berdampak negatif bagi kesehatan. Studi ini menggunakan data Longitudinal yaitu Indonesia Family life survey periode 2007 dan 2014 (IFLS4 and IFLS5). Studi ini menggunakan metode Propensity Score Matching (PSM) dan the everage Treatment Effect on Treated (ATT). Indicator kesehatan diproksi dengan body mass index (BMI) dan capaian pendidikan diproksi dengan kemampuan kognitif anak. Studi ini menemukan bahwa indikator kesehatan dan pendidikan anak-anak yang terpapar asap rokok lebih rendah dibandingkan dngan anak-anak yang tidak terpapar asap rokok. Studi ini merekomendasikan ada upaya untuk melarang perokok ditempat-tempat umum dan gedung-gedung seperti rumah dan perkantoran di Indonesia."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh aglomerasi ekonomi terhadap net migrasi tenaga kerja dengan menggunakan data Sensus Penduduk SP 2010 dan Survey Penduduk Antar Sensus SUPAS 2005 dan 2015. Fokus aglomerasi ekonomi adalah human capital, kepadatan populasi, dan employment share di sektor manufaktur. Net migrasi tenaga kerja di klasifikasikan menjadi tenaga kerja skilled dan tenaga kerja unskilled. Hasil regresi menggunakan Random Effect Model menunjukkan bahwa aglomerasi ekonomi menjadi daya tarik tenaga kerja unskilled untuk melakukan migrasi. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa tenaga kerja unskilled lebih menunjukkan sensitivitas untuk melakukan migrasi apabila ada perubahan human capital, kepadatan populasi dan juga employment share di sektor manufaktur. Aglomerasi human capital tidak mempunyai dampak terhadap net migrasi total skilled dan unskilled , namun setelah ada interaksi variabel human capital dan employment share di sektor manufaktur menunjukkan bahwa aglomerasi human capital menjadi daya tarik tenaga kerja yang berada di sektor manufaktur untuk melakukan migrasi.

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ABSTRACTThis study aims to analyze the effect of economic agglomeration on labor net migration using data from the Indonesia censuses SP of 2010 and Intercensal Survey SUPAS of 2005 and 2015. The focus of economic agglomeration is human capital, population density, and employment share in the manufacturing sector. Net labor migration is classified into skilled labor and unskilled labor. Regression results using the Random Effect Model indicate that the economic agglomeration becomes pull factor of unskilled labor to migrate. This suggests that unskilled labor shows more sensitivity to migration if there are changes in human capital, population density and also employment share in the manufacturing sector. The agglomeration of human capital has no impact on total net migration skilled and unskilled , but after the interaction of human capital variables and employment share in the manufacturing sector shows that agglomeration of human capital is the pull factor of labor in the manufacturing sector to migrate. "

"Model pertumbuhan semi-endogen menekankan akumulasi modal manusia dan kemajuan teknologi dalam mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi. Modal manusia dan kemajuan teknologi adalah sumber-sumber pertumbuhan ekonomi. Pada saat sebagian besar negara di dunia berjuang untuk mengakumulasi modal manusia dan kemajuan teknologi yang cukup, negara-negara maju diberkahi dengan kemampuan istimewa dalam penelitian dan pengembangan. Jika demikian, maka yang ekstrem, negara-negara yang kekurangan modal manusia dan kemajuan teknologi akan terhenti dalam hal kemajuan ekonomi mereka.Kemajuan dalam penelitian mengenai dampak dari modal manusia sumber daya manusia dan kemajuan teknologi terhadap perekonomian telah memberikan wawasan yang luar biasa tentang bagaimana negara-negara di dunia berbeda satu sama lain. Namun ada lebih dari dua alasan untuk menjelaskan perbedaan antar negara. Acemoglu dkk. 2005 berpendapat bahwa institusi adalah yang paling kompleks namun merupakan satu-satunya penyebab wajar pertumbuhan ekonomi. Dengan demikian kebutuhan untuk mengembangkan indeks institusi akan memberikan penjelasan yang lebih dalam daripada sekedar kajian teori. Di sisi lain, kita dapat menguatkan indeks institusi dengan teori umum bahwa institusi berkualitas rendah akan berdampak pada ekonomi secara negatif.Penelitian ini akan memodifikasi model Jones 2002 dengan memasukkan karakteristik yang membedakan negara-negara di dunia. Upaya semacam itu diarahkan untuk memberi model pertumbuhan semi-endogen yang lebih umum agar dapat diterapkan ke semua negara di dunia.Studi ini bertujuan untuk memperluas pemahaman tentang penyebab pertumbuhan ekonomi dengan memasukkan indeks institusi dan menemukan bagaimana indeks tersebut dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ekonomi.

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The semi-endogenous growth model emphasizes the accumulation of human capital and technological progress in driving economic growth. Human capital and technological progress are sources of economic growth in this model. While majority of countries in the world are still struggling to accumulate sufficient human capital and technological progress, most developed countries are endowed with the privilege of research and development. If so, then to the extreme, countries that lack human capital and technological progress will stop in terms of their economic progress.Progress in research on the impact of human capital and technology progress on the economy has provided remarkable insight into how countries in the world differ from one another. But there are more than those two reasons to explain differences between countries. Acemoglu et al. 2005 argue that institutions are the most complex but are the only natural cause of economic growth. Thus the need to developing an institutional index will provide a deeper explanation than just a theoretical study. On the other hand, we can strengthen the institutional index with the general theory that low quality institutions will negatively impact the economy.This study will modify the Jones 2002 model by incorporating characteristics that distinguish countries in the world. Such efforts are directed to provide a more general semi-endogenous growth model so that it can be applied to all countries in the world.This study aims to broaden the understanding of the causes of economic growth by including an index of institutions and finding out how the index can affect economic growth."

"Semi-endogenous growth model emphasises human capital accumulation and technological advances in supporting economic growth. While most countries in the world lack the ability to accumulate their human capital and advance in technology, the privilege of research and development lies on part of developed nations. The increase in the stock of knowledge can come from different interactions with other countries in the world. But the crucial point to make is what underlies these differences among nations in the world. This study modifies Jones model by embedding characteristics that different countries in the world. Such an attempt is directed to produce a more general model of semi-endogenous growth to be applicable to all countries in the world. The end result of this study is to present a more general model that will be easily applicable to different countries in the world."

"ABSTRACTCompetitive strategy is required by every business unit to win competition in uncertain and turbulent business environment especially in manufacturing industry. Development and distribution new industrial estates located in Java and outside Java by Indonesian government in an effort to win the global competition in manufacturing industry. This study empirically investigates role of human capital, infrastructure, supply chain, science and technology on competitive strategy in business units at industrial estates and its impact on strengthening the competitiveness of manufacturing industries. The author conducted survey on the best-performing industrial estate to test hypothesis and analyze the survey results using structural equation modeling. The results concluded that human capital, infrastructure, supply chain, science and technology have positive influence on competitive strategy and have positive impact on the competitiveness of manufacturing industries especially located in industrial estates. In addition, importance of choosing the right competitive strategy will greatly determine how big this business has superior competitiveness compared to its business competitors. This research is expected to be reference for business units and manufacturing industries to be used as one of the considerations in development of industrial estate that is being built and developed by current government in order to get the best competitiveness."

"Isu malnutrisi menjadi isu penting kesehatan di banyak negara, terutama negaraberkembang. Di antara beberapa kasus malnutrisi, stunting menjadi kasus denganprevalensi tertinggi untuk kelompok kasus kurang gizi. Stunting berdampakterhadap banyak hal, salah satunya pendidikan, baik di jangka pendek maupunjangka panjang. Studi ini membahas dampak balita stunting tahun 2000 terhadapdurasi lama sekolah pada pendidikan dasar di Indonesia. Menggunakan data crosssection dengan sumber data IFLS tahun 2000 hingga 2014, analisis ini dilakukandengan metode Regresi Linear Multivariable. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwastunting tidak signifikan mempengaruhi durasi lama sekolah. Variabel lain sepertijumlah saudara kandung dan status bekerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan sertapendidikan ayah dan tempat tinggal berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadapdurasi lama sekolah.

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Malnutrition issues is an important health issue in many countries, especially in

developing countries. Among the few malnutrition cases, stunting becomes the case

with the highest prevalence for undernutrition case groups. Stunting affects many

things, one of them is education, both in the short and long term. This study analyses

the impact of stunting children in 2000 on the duration of schooling of basic

education in Indonesia. Using cross-section data with IFLS data sources from 2000

to 2014, this analysis was conducted with a Multivariable Linear regression

method. The results showed that stunting did not significantly affect the duration of

schooling of basic education. Other variables such as the number of siblings and

working status have positive and significant effects. Also, father's education and

residence have negative and significant impact on the duration of schooling."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor penentu keberhasilan pengumpulan dana proyek crowdfunding berbasis ekuitas di Asia dalam rentang waktu dari Januari 2018 hingga Desember 2019. Penelitian dilakukan dengan berlandaskan pada teori signaling serta menggunakan 201 sampel proyek pada berbagai platformdi 5 negara Asia yaitu Indonesia, Malaysia, Uni Emirat Arab, Israel, dan Korea Selatan. Penulis menggunakan estimasi regresi Ordinary Least Square(OLS) dengan robust standard error untuk pengujian hipotesis. Adapun penelitian menggunakan berbagai proksi dalam faktor karakteristik kampanye, human capital, dan social capitalyang terbukti memiliki pengaruh signifikan atas keberhasilan pengumpulan dana proyek crowdfundingdi Asia. Faktor karakteristik kampanye dijelaskan oleh tiga variabel yaitu informasi finansial, gambar, dan video. Sedangkan faktor human capitaldijelaskan oleh empat variabel yaitu jumlah anggota, tingkat pendidikan, pengalaman berbisnis, dan experience in field. Terakhir, faktor social capitaldijelaskan oleh dua variabel yaitu social networkdan penasihat. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah seluruh variabel kecuali gambar dan video, secara positif dan signifikan memengaruhi keberhasilan pengumpulan dana proyekcrowdfunding berbasis ekuitas di pasar Asia.

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This study aims to determine success factors on equity-based crowdfunding project fundraising in Asia during the period of January 2018 until December 2019. The study using signaling theory approach with 201 project samples on various platforms from Indonesia, Malaysia, United Arab Emirates, Israel, and South Korea. The researcher uses Ordinary Least Square (OLS) with standard error robust as the method of data analysis and hypothesis testing. The research also uses several proxies for campaign characteristic, human capital, and social capital factors which have significant effects for the success on equity-based crowdfunding project fundraising in Asia. Firstly, campaign characteristics factor is described by three variables, those are provision of financial, pictures, and video. Secondly, human capital factor is described by four variables, namely number of team members, education level, business experience, and experience in field. Lastly, social capital factor is described by two variables, those are social network and advisor. The results obtained from this study are all of the variables, except pictures and videos, have positive and significant effect in the success of crowdfunding project fundraising in Asia."