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"The interconnected lives of humans and elephants have shaped landscapes, determined the destinies of empires, and stimulated new kinds of knowledge, skill, and practice. Their encounters have also produced intimate forms of companionship, as well as conflict over space and resources. In South Asia, where many people live in close proximity to elephants, this interspecies relationship resonates with cultural significance. Such diverse, multifaceted, and frequently problematic relations between two kinds of intelligent social mammals have drawn the attention of multiple types of researchers and research. Interpreting this interspecies encounter, however, remains problematic, often producing disparate understandings that resist coherent integration. This volume seeks to remedy the problem of disciplinary commensurability by facilitating conversation across the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. Bringing together anthropologists, biologists, ecologists, geographers, historians, political scientists, and Sanskrit language specialists, this volume explores the social, historical, and ecological dimensions of human-elephant conflict and coexistence. It engages with both species as world-making subjects acting in ways that profoundly affect each other. This book not only helps us appreciate that we cannot understand elephant habitat and behaviour in isolation from the humans that help configure it, but also makes us realize that we cannot understand human political, economic, and social life without the elephants that shape and share the world with them. Refusing to study animal ecologies and human histories as exclusive phenomena, this book argues for an integrated approach to understanding and responding to the challenges of human-elephant relations."

"In the popular imagination, Caribbean islands represent tropical paradise. This image underlies the efforts of many environmentalists to protect Caribbean coral reefs, mangroves, and rainforests. Much less attention is given to environmental conditions in urban areas, where the islands poorer citizens suffer from exposure to garbage, untreated sewage, and air pollution. Concrete Jungles explores why these issues tend to be ignored, demonstrating how mainstream environmentalism reflects and reproduces class and race inequalities. Based on over a decade of research in Kingston, Jamaica, and Willemstad, Curaçao, the book contrasts the uptown environmentalism of largely middle-class professionals with the downtown environmentalism of inner-city residents. It combines an original and sophisticated theoretical discussion of the politics of difference with rich ethnographic detail, including vivid depictions of Caribbean ghettos and elite enclaves. The book presents a novel approach to environmental injustice, combining a political economy perspective with attention to the cultural politics that naturalize socio-ecological inequalities. One of the first works to extend environmental anthropological theory to explicitly include the study of cities, the book shows how divergent forms of environmentalism articulate class, race, and urban space. Forms of environmentalism that implicitly or explicitly understand cities as opposed to nature, and poor people as a threat to environmental purity, contribute to urban naturalisms that naturalize social hierarchies and the unequal distribution of environmental problems."

"ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sampai seberapa jauh pengaruh kualitas air sungai yang buruk mempengaruhi kualitas air sumur penduduk, sehubungan dengan masih banyaknya penduduk di RW 04 Kelurahan Manggarai yang menjadikan air sungai sebagai tempat membuang hajat dan menggunakan air sumur pampa sebagai air baku air minum.Masalah pokok yang diteliti adalah (a) berapa besar kandungan Escherichia coil di dalam air sumur-sumur pompa tangan penduduk pada jarak dari tepi sungai, kedalaman, dan pemakaian air yang berbeda-beda; (b) korelasi antara nilai Most Probable Number (MPN)" koli tinja dengan parameter fisika-kimia, sehingga dirumuskan hipotesis sebagai berikut:1) Makin banyak pemakaian air sumur, makin besar kemungkinan terkontaminasi koli tinja.2) Makin dalam sumur pompa penduduk, makin kecil kemungkinan terkontaminasi oleh bakteri koli tinja.Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan cara mengambil sampel-sampel air sumur secara sensus dan air sungai secara acak, masing-masing 3 kali ulangan selama 3 hari berturut-turut di awal musim kemarau. Di samping itu diambil pula data kuesioner, wawancara, dan observasi langsung sebagai data penunjang.Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan cara analisis statistik menggunakan korelasi jenjang Spearman terhadap nilai MPN koli tinja dan parameter fisika-kimia.Hasil penelltian menunjukkan bahwa 9 dari 14 sumur pompa tangan yang diteliti telah tercemar oleh bakteri koli tinja, di mana faktor jarak dan kedalaman berpengaruh terhadap nilai MPN koli tinja. Sedangkan besarnya pemakaian air tidak berpengaruh terhadap nilai MPN koli tinja. Di samping itu sanitasi lingkungan yang buruk dan tingkah laku masyarakat yang kurang saniter turut membantu pencemaran koli tinja ke air sumur-sumur pompa.Salah satu dampak pencemaran sumber air oleh E. coli di wilayah ini adalah tingginya angka penderita penyakit diare dan angka kematian bayi. Di samping itu kandungan E. coil yang tinggi juga merupakan beban yang berat bagi pihak Proyek Air Minum (PAM) DKI Jakarta dalam proses pengolahan air baku air minum.Diharapkan penurapan dan pemindahan lokasi pemukiman penduduk RW 04 (RT 006 sld RT 0017) ke lokasi pemukiman baru dapat menjadi prioritas pembangunan di Kecamatan Tebet. Hal ini mengingat kondisi kualitas air yang sangat buruk di samping lokasi tersebut (bantaran sungai) memang tidak layak sebagai kawasan pemukiman. Di dalam Rencana Bagian Wilayah Kota (RBWK) Kecamatan Tebet tahun 2005, kawasan tersebut telah diperuntukan sebagai kawasan hljau tanpa bangunan.

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ABSTRACT

The aim of this research is to know how deep the bad river water quality influences the well-water-pump quality in relation to the fact that people at RW 04 Manggarai Village use the river as a defecation place and the well-water-pump as the source of drinking water.

Research points of view are (a) how many Escherichia coli present in the well-water-pump in different distances from the river edge, in different depth of the well, and in different quantity of water usage; (b) the correlation between MPH fecal coil and physic-chemist parameters.

Therefore, the formulations of hypothesis are: (l) the more well-water-pump usage, the bigger the potentiality of fecal col. contamination. (2) The deeper the well water pump, the lesser the potentiality of fecal coli contamination.

This research was implemented by taking the well-water-pump samples with census sampling method and the river water samples with random sampling method, each sample 3 times a day for 3 consecutive days in the early dry season. Questioners, interviews, and direct field observation were also taken as supporting data.

Statistical analysis of the hypothesis was performed with Spearman rank correlation to the value of MPN fecal cola and physic-chemist parameters.

The result of this research indicates that 9 from the 14 well-water-pump tested were polluted by fecal coil bacteria, with distance and depth factors influencing the value of MPN fecal coll. Whereas the quantity of well water pump usage did not influence the value of MPN fecal coli. In addition, bad environmental sanitation and less sanitary-conscience human behavior also supported the fecal coil contamination to the well water pump.

Among the impacts of water-source pollution by E. coli in this area were the high diarrhea sufferer and infant mortality rate. The high E. coil content in the water source also represent the heavy burden of the drinking water processing at Jakarta Municipal Water Treatment Plant (PAM DKI Jakarta).

We hope that the plastering of river edges and the transfer of residents of RW 04 (RT 006 to RT 0017) to the new residence location would be the development priority of Tebet Sub district, considering the bad water quality and improper residence location. In the Regional City Division Plan (RBWK) of Tebet Sub district 2005, this area would be a green-open space."

"This book focuses on the long-term interactions between people and nature in and around Lake Biwa, one of the oldest lakes in the world. Accordingly, it not only covers the characteristics of the biota of this ancient lake, but also approaches it as a ‘cultural ancient lake.’ Furthermore, various problems affecting the lake, especially recent environmental changes that occurred before and after Japan’s rapid economic growth of the 1950s and 60s, are reviewed, including water pollution, lakeshore development and the reclamation of attached lakes, alien and invasive species, and problems related to the recent warming of the climate. Lastly, by analyzing data on these problems collected by the local government and residents of the lake basin, the book provides a comprehensive outlook on the future of Lake Biwa and people’s lifestyles. "