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"India's increasing population has attracted a host of multinational corporations (MNCs) to enter the country to tap its market. Because of their enthusiasm and the favorable market conditions, these MNCs get carried away and sometimes regulations are flouted. The absence of clear regulations leads to problems when government agencies find fault with MNCs products."

"This study investigates the relationship between the level of socio-economic development and infant and child mortality in India. The perspective of this study is based on the "Theory of Demographic Transition" which states that improved public health programs and technological and medical advances bring down the level of mortality. The study tests the following major hypothesis: the higher level the level of socio-economic development, the lower the infant and child mortality rates among the states in India. The study applies correlation and multiple regression analysis to data collected by the National Family Health Survey 1992-1993, one of the most comprehensive surveys of its kind ever conducted in India by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India. The finding support the theory of demographic transition in large measure revealing that the overall socio-economic development is inversely related to infant and child mortality rates among the states of India."

"Contraception is an integral dimension of women'shealth both of them are components of the broader- objectives offamily planning and life long well-being i.e., controlling ones lifepattern. Research data indicates of decline in fertility rates. infantmortality and child mortality rates with womens' development andeconomic advancement, women ?s acknowledge the need forcontraception and limiting the number of pregnancies. This studyused the Indian National Family Health Survey (NFHS-2, l 998-99),2000, for currently married women aged l5-49 years. The objectiveof the study is to explore the substantial impact of the use moderncontraceptive methods on fertility, infant and child mortality ratesin India. The knowledge of modern contraceptive methods is nearlyuniform (99%) among the currently married women irrespective oftheir socioeconomic and geographical affiliation. The practice ofcontraception does not only reduce the fertility, infant, and childmortality rates, but also has major impact on the quality of theirlives and reproductive health status. The strong, consistent, andnegative significant eject of family planning methods have beenobserved on aggregate decline of fertility. infant, and childmortality. The socioeconomic background of women (education,religion, and standard of living) influenced the practice of familyplanning methods significantly. The use of family planning methodssubsequently help to bring down the fertility, infant, and childmortality rates."

"Karwa A, Rai MK. 2010. Hitherto unreported Agaricus species of Central India. Nusantara Bioscience 2: 141-145. Melghat forest region from Central India was surveyed for occurrence of medicinal and culinary mushrooms during the years 2005-2008. Out oftotal 153 species, ten species of Agaricus were recorded from different localities. Of these, seven species namely Agaricus bitorquis, A.subrufescens, A. augustus, A. placomyces, A. essettei, A. basioanolosus and Agaricus sp. nov (a new species) are being reported for thefirst time from the region. The commercial button mushroom Agaricus bisporus lacks good breeding characters due to its bisporic nature. These wild cousins of the button mushroom can definitely prove to be a good source of genetic manipulations to the existing strains and also to develop new strains with improved characters"

"The present study deals with affect of adoption pattern of the ATMs by banks on its characteristics.With the exploration of various characteristics of the banks like Size, Profitability, Efficiency, Cost ofOperations, Asset quality and Credit risk, Financing Pattern, Diversification and Age etc.; the studyhas tried to differentiate between the early and late adopter category of the banks regarding ATMcards. The banks have been categorized into early and late adopters on the basis of their adoptionperiod. For this purpose, 50 scheduled commercial banks consisting of 27 Public Sector Banks and23 Private Sector Banks have been taken as sample to investigate the various aspects of and earlyadopter banks in comparison to late adopter banks. The time period of the study is 20 years i.e.from 1991 to 2010. It can be concluded that the initiators and first movers take advantage overthe late adopters and laggards. They have found to perform better in terms of various parameters.Overall, the early adopter banks are larger in size, more diversified, having lesser branches, moremarket share and wide ATM network as compared to late adopter ones. Thus, the empirical resultsevidently reveal that the both the groups have their own different characteristics."

"Mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa investor dengan negara (investor-State dispute settlement atau ISDS) menghadapi kritik karena dianggap membatasi kedaulatan negara dan lebih menguntungkan investor asing, yang mendorong negara-negara seperti Indonesia dan India untuk meninjau kembali P4M dan BIT mereka. Kewajiban exhaustion of local remedies (ELR) atau kewajiban penyelesaian sengketa secara domestik sebelum arbitrase internasional diusulkan sebagai salah satu solusi reformasi ISDS. Penelitian ini menjelaskan dua hal, yaitu alasan-alasan P4M perlu mewajibkan ELR sebagai persyaratan sebelum proses arbitrase, dan apakah persyaratan-persyaratan sebelum memulai proses arbitrase dalam P4M dan BIT pasca peninjauan telah melindungi kepentingan masing-masing Indonesia dan India. Penelitian ini berbentuk doktrinal dengan pendekatan perbandingan dalam meninjau ELR dalam hukum internasional, sengketa investasi internasional, dan persyaratan-persyaratan sebelum arbitrase. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa ELR perlu diwajibkan dalam P4M yang ditandatangani oleh Indonesia karena, yaitu menghormati kedaulatan negara tuan rumah, memberi kesempatan untuk menyelesaikan sengketa secara domestik, mengurangi jumlah sengketa ke arbitrase internasional, dan membantu pengembangan sistem hukum domestik dalam penyelesaian sengketa investasi. Selanjutnya, persyaratan-persyaratan sebelum arbitrase dalam P4M Indonesia pasca peninjauan belum melindungi kepentingan Indonesia terhadap gugatan investor dibandingkan dengan BIT India pasca peninjauan, karena hanya mencakup penyelesaian sengketa secara damai dan tidak mewajibkan ELR. Hal ini menyebabkan investor lebih mudah menggugat Indonesia karena tidak ada tahapan persyaratan lainnya.

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The investor-State dispute settlement (ISDS) mechanism has faced criticism for allegedly limiting state sovereignty and favoring foreign investors, prompting countries such as Indonesia and India to review their BITs. The obligation of exhaustion of local remedies (ELR) before international arbitration has been proposed as one of the ISDS reform solutions. This study addresses two key points: the reasons why BITs should require ELR as a prerequisite before arbitration, and whether the conditions precedent to arbitration in the post-review BITs of Indonesia and India have adequately protected their respective interests. This study takes a doctrinal method and employs a comparative approach in reviewing ELR in international law and international investment disputes, and analyzing conditions precedent to arbitration. The study concludes that ELR needs to be required in BITs signed by Indonesia because namely, it respects the sovereignty of host states, provides an opportunity to resolve disputes domestically, potentially reduces the number of disputes submitted to international arbitration, and aids in the development of domestic legal systems in resolving investment disputes. Furthermore, the conditions precedent to arbitration in Indonesia's post-review BITs have not protected its interests against investor claims as effectively as India's post-review BITs, as they only include amicable settlement and do not require ELR. This results in investors finding it easier to bring claims against Indonesia due to the lack of additional prerequisite stages."

"Pada tahun 2005, India dan Indonesia tertarik untuk membangun kerjasama ekonomi dengan menginisiasi Indonesia-India Economic Comprehensive Agreement (II-CECA). Namun, 15 tahun berlalu, Indonesia dan India belum sama sekali menandatangani kesepakatan ekonomi II-CECA. Penelitian itu mencoba untuk menjawab penyebab belum adanya kesepakatan II-CECA. Dengan menggunakan studi literatur melalu pendekatan kualitatif, penelitian ini mencoba menganalisis fenomena ini dengan menggunakan pendekatan Society Centred Approach (Moravscik, 1998) dan faktor domestik yang mempengeruhi kebijakan luar negeri (Hiscox, 2017). Penelitian ini menemukan fakta bahwa kondisi politik domestik India berpengaruh terhadap mandegnya perjanjian II-CECA. Kondisi tersebut berupa adanya 1) pergantian kepemimpinan dari INC ke BJP, 2) perbedaan persepsi politik antara kedua partai, dan kelompok kepentingan berpengaruh seperti kaum Nasionalis Hindu. Penelitian ini juga membuktikan bahwa ormas nasionalis Hindu di India memiliki pengaruh yang kuat di pemerintahan Modi, terutama di bidang kebijakan ekonomi luar negeri karena memiliki akses langsung ke kekuasaan lewat partai politik BJP.

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In 2005, India and Indonesia initiated talks about Indonesia-India Economic Comprehensive Agreement (II-CECA) to strengthen the economic relations between the two countries. However, 15 years on, Indonesia and India have yet to sign the II-CECA economic agreement. This study examines this stagnation by looking at the domestic sources of foreign economic policy. With literature study and qualitative method, this research shall analyze the phenomenon using society centred approach (Moravscik, 1998) and domestic factor that influences economic foreign policy (Hiscox, 2017). This thesis argues that India's domestic factors contributed significantly to the stagnation of the II-CECA agreement. These factors are: (1) National leadership change from INC to BJP; (2) different political preferences among BJP and INC politians, and (3) the influence of powerful interest group such as the Hindu Nationalists. This research also proves that Hindu nationalist movement in India has a strong influence in the Modi’s government, through BJP, including in foreign economic policy."

"ABSTRAKMovie piracy has become an epidemic in India, despite that the intellectual property rights have been enforced. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the extent to which movie piracy impacted the Indian motion picture industry and the role intellectual property rights play. Literature review is used to achieve the aim of this study. To conclude, movie piracy has socio economic impacts on income, employment, and innovation and growth of the Indian motion picture industry. Furthermore, the Indian intellectual property right has a role on giving rights and protection to the right holders, however the enforcement is deemed weak and hence, the function is not optimized. This implies, that the government and law enforcer should improve its enforcement mechanism and the businesses in the Indian motion picture industry should adjust its business model to adapt to this situation.

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ABSTRAKPembajakan film telah tumbuh menjadi epidemi di India meskipun hak kekayaan intelektual telah ditegakkan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sejauh mana pembajakan film berdampak pada industri perfilman India dan apakah peranan yang dipegang oleh hak kekayaan intelektual di India menyangkut hal tersebut. Dalam mencapai tujuan penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan literature review. Untuk menyimpulkan, pembajakan film memiliki dampak sosial-ekonomi pada pendapatan, pekerjaan, dan inovasi dan pertumbuhan industri film India. Selain itu, hak kekayaan intelektual India memiliki peran untuk memberikan hak dan perlindungan kepada pemegang hak, namun penegakannya sejauh ini masih dianggap lemah dan karenanya, fungsi ini tidak bisa dicapai dengan optimal. Ini berarti, bahwa pemerintah dan hukum penegak harus meningkatkan mekanisme penegakan hak kekayaan intelektual dan untuk oknum-oknum di industri perfilman India harus menyesuaikan model bisnis mereka untuk beradaptasi dengan situasi ini. "