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"[Sertifikasi guru adalah program penting dalam meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan nasional. Implementasi adalah kunci sukses sebuah program. Kegagalan dalam melaksanakan programberarti kegagalan dalam mencapai tujuan dari program tersebut.Fokus penelitian ini adalah untuk Menganalisis Pelaksanaan Kebijakan Sertifikasi Guru Sekolah Dasar Negeri Di Kecamatan Sekampung Udik Kabupaten Lampung Timur Tahun 2014 dengan menggunakan faktor-faktor interaktif yang digagas oleh Merille S. Grindle yaitu isi kebijakan dan lingkungan kebijakan. Keberperanan faktor-faktor tersebut sangat bermakna bagi implementasi kebijakan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan post positivis melalui metode kualitatif dengan model studi kasus. Subyek penelitiannya adalah pegawai Dinas Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan ProvinsiLampung dan Dinas Pendidikan Pemuda Dan Olahraga Kabupaten Lampung Timur, Pegawai LPMP Provinsi Lampung, LPTK penyelenggara rayon 107 Universitas Lampung, pengawassekolah, kepala sekolah, Unit Pelaksana Dinas Kecamatan Sekampung Udik, dan juga guru sekolah dasar negeri di Kecamatan Sekampung Udik. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil peneltian ini menunjukkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan sertifikasi guru sekolah dasar negeri di Kecamatan Sekampung Udik Kabupaten Lampung Timur Tahun 2014 telah memenuhi sembilan indikator dari unsur implementasi kebijakan publik model Merille S Grindle walaupun belum sempurna. Variabel lingkungan implementasi (cntext of implementation) merupakanunsur yang paling lemah dalam pelaksanaan kebijakan sertifikasi guru. Peningkatan koordinasi merupakan solusi alternatif untuk permasalah pelaksanaan kebijakan sertifikasi guru di Kecamatan Sekampung Udik.

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Teachers certification is an important program to improve the quality of national education. The implementation of the program is the key to success. Failure to implement the program means failure to achieve the goal.The focus of this research is to analyze the implementation of teachers certification policy at public elementary school in Sekampungudiksubdistrict, East Lampung

regency in 2014 using interactive factors initiated by MerilleS. Grindle which are policy content and policy environment. The influences of those factors are very meaningful for policy implementation. This research using post positivis approach by qualitative method with case study model. Research object are employees of Education And Culture Department Lampung Province, Youth Education And Sport Department East Lampung Regency, LPMP East Lampung's Employees, LPTK Administrator Area 107 Lampung University, school superintendent, head master, service, UPDT Sekampung Udik Sub District, and elementary school?s teachers in Sekampung Udik Subdistrict. Data collection method in this research are interview and documentation study. Research result show that implementation of teacher certification policy in Sekampung Udik sub district, East Lampung regency in 2014 has been for qualified nine indicator from public policy's Implementation element Merille'S Grindle's model although it is not perfect yet. Environmental implementation variable (context of implementation) is the weaknest element in teacher?s policy implementation. Strengthen the coordination is an alternative solution for teachers certification policy?s problem in Sekampung Udik sub district. Teachers certification is an important program to improve the quality of national education. The implementation of the program is the key to success. Failure to implement the program means failure to achieve the goal.The focus of this research is to analyze the implementation of teachers certification policy at public elementary school in Sekampung udik subdistrict, East Lampung regency in 2014 using interactive factors initiated by MerilleS. Grindle which are policy content and policy environment. The influences of those factors are very meaningful for policy implementation. This research using post positivis approach by qualitative method with case study model. Research object are employees of Education And Culture Department Lampung Province, Youth Education And Sport Department East Lampung Regency, LPMP East Lampung’s Employees, LPTK Administrator Area 107 Lampung University, school superintendent, head master, service, UPDT Sekampung Udik Sub District, and elementary school’s teachers in Sekampung Udik Subdistrict. Data collection method in this research are interview and documentation study. Research result show that implementation of teacher certification policy in Sekampung Udik sub district, East Lampung regency in 2014 has been for qualified nine indicator from public policy’s Implementation element Merille S Grindle’smodel although it is not perfect yet. Environmental implementation variable (context of implementation) is the weaknest element in teacher’s policy implementation. Strengthen the coordination is an alternative solution for teachers certification policy’s problem in Sekampung Udik sub district. Teachers certification is an important program to improve the quality of national education. The implementation of the program is the key to success. Failure to implement the program means failure to achieve the goal.The focus of this research is to analyze the implementation of teachers certification policy at public elementary school in Sekampungudiksubdistrict, East Lampung

regency in 2014 using interactive factors initiated by MerilleS. Grindle which are policy content and policy environment. The influences of those factors are very meaningful for policy implementation. This research using post positivis approach by qualitative method with case study model. Research object are employees of Education And Culture Department Lampung Province, Youth Education And Sport Department East Lampung Regency, LPMP East Lampung’s Employees, LPTK Administrator Area 107 Lampung University, school superintendent, head master, service, UPDT Sekampung Udik Sub District, and elementary school’s teachers in Sekampung Udik Subdistrict. Data collection method in this research are interview and documentation study. Research result show that implementation of teacher certification policy in Sekampung Udik sub district, East Lampung regency in 2014 has been for qualified nine indicator from public policy’s Implementation element Merille S Grindle’smodel although it is not perfect yet. Environmental implementation variable (context of implementation) is the weaknest element in teacher’s policy implementation. Strengthen the coordination is an alternative solution for teachers certification policy’s problem in Sekampung Udik sub district., Teachers certification is an important program to improve the quality of national education. The

implementation of the program is the key to success. Failure to implement the program means

failure to achieve the goal.The focus of this research is to analyze the implementation of teachers

certification policy at public elementary school in Sekampungudiksubdistrict, East Lampung

regency in 2014 using interactive factors initiated by MerilleS. Grindle which are policy content

and policy environment. The influences of those factors are very meaningful for policy

implementation

This research using post positivis approach by qualitative method with case study model.

Research object are employees of Education And Culture Department Lampung Province, Youth

Education And Sport Department East Lampung Regency, LPMP East Lampung’s Employees,

LPTK Administrator Area 107 Lampung University, school superintendent, head master, service,

UPDT Sekampung Udik Sub District, and elementary school’s teachers in Sekampung Udik

Subdistrict. Data collection method in this research are interview and documentation study.

Research result show that implementation of teacher certification policy in Sekampung Udik sub

district, East Lampung regency in 2014 has been for qualified nine indicator from public policy’s

Implementation element Merille S Grindle’smodel although it is not perfect yet.

Environmental implementation variable (context of implementation) is the weaknest element in

teacher’s policy implementation. Strengthen the coordination is an alternative solution for

teachers certification policy’s problem in Sekampung Udik sub district.]"

"Sebagai wujud komitmen terhadap lingkungan, Provinsi DKI Jakarta memiliki kebijakan tentang kewajiban penggunaan kantong belanja ramah lingkungan yang diundangkan pada tahun 2019. Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah masih terdapat 190 ton rata-rata jumlah sampah plastik per hari di DKI Jakarta pada tahun 2021. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengevaluasi kebijakan kewajiban penggunaan kantong belanja ramah lingkungan di Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Metode yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan persamaan IPAT, analisis WTP, Konjoin, dan SWOT. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa 81,66% populasi penduduk, PDRB, dan produksi plastik secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap jumlah sampah plastik. Masyarakat sebagai konsumen bersedia untuk menggunakan kantong belanja ramah lingkungan dengan nilai WTP sebesar Rp2.380. Hasil perhitungan efektivitas kebijakan pada tahun 2020 sebesar 0,3939 (39,39%) dan tahun 2021 sebesar -0,2083 (-20,83%). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah kebijakan tentang kewajiban penggunaan kantong belanja ramah lingkungan di Provinsi DKI Jakarta belum efektif. Menetapkan target capaian pengurangan sampah kantong plastik dengan memperhitungkan prediksi pertumbuhan penduduk, pertumbuhan ekonomi dan penggunaan teknologi menjadi konsep rekomendasi strategi yang diusulkan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas kebijakan.

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As a commitment to the environment, DKI Jakarta Province has a policy regarding the obligation to use environmentally friendly shopping bags which was promulgated in 2019. The problem is there will still be an average amount of 190 tons of plastic waste per day in 2021. This study aims to evaluate the mandatory use of eco-friendly shopping bags in DKI Jakarta Province. The method used is quantitative with the IPAT equation, WTP, Conjoint, and SWOT analysis. The results of this study indicate that 81,66% of the population, GRDP, and plastic production simultaneously influence plastic waste. Consumers are willing to use environmentally friendly shopping bags with WTP value of Rp2,380 per piece. The policies effectiveness value of 0,3939 (39,39%) in 2020 and -0,2083 (-20,83%) in 2021. The conclusion of this study is that the policy regarding the obligation to use environmentally friendly shopping bags in DKI Jakarta Province has not been effective. Setting achievement targets for reducing plastic bag waste by calculating population growth, economic growth and the use of technologies prediction is a recommended strategy concept to increase policy effectiveness."

"Pengelolaan sampah kota adalah bentuk pelayanan publik di sektor kebersihan yang dilaksanakan oleh pemerintah daerah. Karakteristik timbulan sampah kota yang semakin meningkat seiring dengan pertumbuhan penduduk, membutuhkan sistem pengelolaan sampah yang dapat menjamin keberlangsungan di setiap dimensi kehidupan. Saat ini sistem pengelolaan sampah Kota Serang masih dikelola dengan sistem pengelolaan konvensional KAB (Kumpul-Angkut-Buang), sehingga berpotensi menimbulkan dampak negatif terhadap status berlanjutan di setiap dimensinya (sosial, ekonomi dan lingkungan). Ilmuwan lingkungan memandang kondisi tersebut, sebagai suatu permasalahan yang harus ditinjau dari prespektif lingkungan. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, maka digunakan pendekatan yang bersifat multidisiplin dan integralistik. Adapun pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif, dengan metode permodelan System Dynamics. Hasil simulasi model System Dynamics menunjukkan cakupan pelayanan persampahan dan emisi CH4 pada sistem pengelolaan sampah Kota Serang belum dapat memenuhi status berlanjutan. Oleh karena itu diperlukan intervensi untuk dapat mempengaruhi kinerja model. Intervensi model dilakukan dengan cara menerapkan 3 (tiga) skenario alternatif kebijakan lingkungan. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi, diperoleh kinerja model yang paling optimal dan dapat deterapkan adalah model dengan skenario intervensi kombinasi. Skenario intervensi kombinasi dapat meningkatkan rata-rata cakupan pelayanan persampahan menjadi sebesar 72,74% per tahun, serta menurunkan emisi CH4 sebesar 74,84%. Kondisi tersebut, menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan status berlanjutan pada sistem pengelolaan sampah Kota Serang.

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Municipal solid waste management is a form of public service which is provided by local government. Characteristics of municipal waste generation an ever increasing along with population growth, requiring waste management system that can ensure the sustainability in every dimension of life. The current waste management system in the City of Serang is still managed with conventional management systems (end of pipe), that potentially could be negative impact to the sustainable status in all its dimensions (social, economic and environmental). Environmental scientists looked at these conditions, as a problem that must be evaluated from the perspective of the environment. To overcome these problems, then the types of approach used which is multidisciplinary and integralistic. As for the approach used is a quantitative approach, with method a System Dynamics modeling.

The dynamic simulation results show that service coverage for wastes and methane (CH4) emissions on municipal waste management system in Serang city could not achiev sustainability status. Therefor need interventions for influence the performance of the model. Interventions model carried out by applying three (3) alternative scenarios of environmental policy. Based on simulation results, is known that the most optimal performance of model and can be implemented, is a model with a combination of intervention scenarios. Intervention scenarios of combination can be increase the average service coverage for waste amounted to 72.74% per year, and reduce CH4 emissions by 74.84%. These conditions to describe an increase in sustainability status of municipal solid waste management in the city of Serang."

"Peningkatan jumlah penduduk yang semakin besar di kota/kabupaten membawa dampak terhadap besarnya peningkatan jumlah timbulan sampah khususnya sampah plastik. Penelitian ini bertujuan memberikan usulan kebijakan dalam bentuk formulasi efektif dalam pengelolaan sampah plastik berkelanjutan di tingkat kota/kabupaten. kebijakan pengurangan penggunaan produk plastik sekali pakai di Kota Bandung dan Kabupaten Malang merupakan kebijakan yang paling prioritas dibandingkan dengan kebijakan pelarangan penggunaan produk plastik sekali pakai. Kebijakan yang efektif juga perlu melibatkan pemangku kepentingan yaitu konsumen/masyarakat dan produsen. Data tingkat keinginan untuk berpartisipasi masyarakat dan keinginan produsen untuk berpatisipasi dalam pengurangan sampah plastik akan lebih efektif apabila di berikan insentif. Respon masyarakat terhadap himbauan mengurangi sampah plastik dan menggunakan kembali plastik sangat positif, namun kemungkinan implementasinya akan menjadi lebih besar jika ada insentif yang diberikan oleh pemerintah. Pemilahan sampah di rumah tangga perlu didorong, guna meningkatkan efektifitas penanganan sampah plastik. Insentif fiskal perlu di berikan kepada produsen agar pengurangan sampah plastik oleh produsen lebih optimal dan berkelanjutan

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The increasing population in cities and regencies has an impact on the amount of waste generation, especially plastic waste. This study aims to provide policy proposals in the form of effective formulations in sustainable plastic waste management at the city/district level. The policy of reducing the use of single-use plastic products in Bandung City and Malang Regency is the most priority policy compared to the policy of banning the use of single-use plastic products. Effective policies also need to involve stakeholders, namely consumers/communities and producers. Data on the level of willingness to participate in the community and the desire of producers to participate in reducing plastic waste will be more effective if incentives are given. The public's response to the call to reduce plastic waste and reuse plastic is very positive, but the possibility of implementation will be even greater if there are incentives provided by the government. Waste segregation in households needs to be encouraged, in order to increase the effectiveness of handling plastic waste. Fiscal incentives need to be given to producers so that the reduction of plastic waste by producers is more optimal and sustainable."

"Penelitian ini menganalisis implementasi kebijakan kendaraan listrik yang dirumuskan oleh Pemerintah Jepang yang cenderung inkonsisten terhadap pengaruh lingkungan hidup global. Analisis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kerangka teori Developmental State dari Chalmers Johnson, Robert Wade, Peter Evans, dan Adrian Leftwich. Pertanyaan penelitian dalam penelitian ini yaitu, mengapa Jepang tidak fokus untuk memproduksi kendaraan listrik secara global sementara Pemerintah Jepang memiliki kebijakan terkait produksi kendaran listrik? Penelitian ini menggunaan metode kualitatif-deduktif dengan menunjukkan bahwa dalam membangun suatu negara diperlukan relasi yang kuat antara pemerintah negara dengan sektor bisnis. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dan data sekunder, yakni meliputi informasi resmi pemerintahan, artikel jurnal, situs internet serta publikasi resmi dari Pemerintah Jepang yang berkaitan dengan topik penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan Pemerintah Jepang dalam menjalin relasi dengan sektor industri otomotif Jepang dalam implementasi ekosistem kendaraan listrik cenderung sinergis dalam perumusan kebijakan. Namun, Pemerintah Jepang perlu meningkatkan serta memperhatikan beberapa aspek seperti kemampuan mengorganisir masyarakat Jepang yang saat ini belum sepenuhnya mendukung ekosistem kendaraan listrik, penanganan masalah lingkungan dan sosial, serta langkah yang diambil dalam menghadapi daya saing internasional.

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This research analyzes the implementation of electric vehicle policies formulated by the Japanese government which tend to be inconsistent with global environmental influences. The analysis in this research uses the theoretical framework of Developmental State from Chalmers Johnson, Robert Wade, Peter Evans, and Adrian Leftwich. The research question in this study is, why does Japan not focus on producing electric vehicles globally while the Japanese government has policies related to the production of electric vehicles? This research utilizes a qualitative-deductive method by showing that in developing a country, a strong relationship between the government and the business sector is needed. The data used in this research are primary data and secondary data, which include official government information, journal articles, internet sites and official publications from the Japanese government related to the research topic. The results show that the Japanese government's ability to establish relations with the Japanese automotive industry sector in the implementation of the electric vehicle ecosystem tends to be synergistic in policy formulation. However, the Japanese government needs to improve and pay attention to several aspects such as the ability to organize Japanese society which currently does not fully support the electric vehicle ecosystem, handling environmental and social issues, and steps taken in the face of global competitiveness."

"Kepercayaan publik merupakan salah satu modal bagi pemerintah dalam membentuk kepatuhan serta dukungan dari masyarakat terhadap suatu kebijakan lingkungan. Salah satu kebijakan lingkungan dari Pemprov DKI Jakarta adalah pemberlakuan uji emisi kendaraan bermotor yang telah diatur dalam Peraturan Gubernur Nomor 66 tahun 2020. Dalam pelaksanaan uji emisi di Jakarta, terdapat beberapa permasalahan yang terjadi sehingga dapat mempengaruhi tingkat kepercayaan publik masyarakat terhadap Pemprov DKI Jakarta sebagai pelaksana kebijakan tersebut. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk dapat mengukur tingkat kepercayaan publik masyarakat terhadap Pemprov DKI Jakarta dalam melaksanakan pemberlakuan uji emisi kendaraan bermotor menggunakan teori public trust dari Grimmelikhuijsen & Knies. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode campuran. Peneliti akan menganalisis hasil dari penyebaran kuisioner kepada 100 responden yang telah melaksanakan uji emisi dengan data yang diperoleh peneliti dari wawancara mendalam dan studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa tingkat kepercayaan publik dari masyarakat tinggi terhadap Pemprov DKI Jakarta dalam pemberlakuan uji emisi kendaraan bermotor. Tingginya tingkat kepercayaan publik tidak terlepas dari bagaimana Pemerintah Provinsi DKI Jakarta dapat memberikan imbauan atau teguran kepada masyarakat untuk melakukan uji emisi. Namun, terdapat beberapa catatan penting dari peneliti seperti minimmya sosialisasi yang dilakukan oleh Pemprov DKI Jakarta dan juga terdapat beberapa program pendukung yang belum berjalan optimal dalam pemberlakuan uji emisi. Oleh sebab itu, peneliti merekomendasikan Pemprov DKI Jakarta untuk melaksanakan sosialiasi yang masif dan merata kepada seluruh lapisan masyarakat serta menjakankan program tilang uji emisi dan disinsentif parkir kepada masyarakat yang belum melaksanakan uji emisi

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Public trust is an essential asset for the government in fostering compliance and support from the society for an environmental policy. One of the environmental policies from the Provincial Government of DKI Jakarta is the implementation of vehicle emission testing, which is regulated in Governor Regulation Number 66 of 2020. In the implementation of emission testing in Jakarta, there are several issues that arise, which can affect the level of public trust in the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government as the policy executor. Therefore, this study aims to measure the level of public trust in the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government in implementing vehicle emission testing using the public trust theory by Grimmelikhuijsen & Knies. The research approach used is a quantitative approach with mixed methods for data collection. The researcher will analyze the results of the questionnaire distributed to 100 respondents who have conducted emission testing, with data obtained from in-depth interviews and literature studies. The results of this study indicate that the level of public trust in the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government in implementing vehicle emission testing is high. The high level of public trust is due in part to how the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government provides warnings or reminders to the society to conduct emission testing. However, there are some important notes from the researcher, such as the minimal socialization conducted by the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government and some supporting programs that have not been optimally implemented in the application of emission testing. Therefore, the researcher recommends that the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government conduct massive and widespread socialization to all levels of society and enforce emission test fines and parking disincentives for those who have not conducted emission testing."

"Peningkatan urgensi isu perubahan iklim dalam sistem internasional tidak terlepas dari peran aktor-aktor pasar, sehingga memunculkan solusi iklim berbasis pasar — terutama dalam bentuk perdagangan karbon. Negosiasi dalam Protokol Kyoto hingga Perjanjian Paris turut membahas konsep perdagangan karbon, dan realisasinya telah diimplementasikan dan direncanakan di berbagai yurisdiksi. Dengan melakukan penelusuran terhadap literatur berskala internasional yang telah melalui peer-review, tinjauan pustaka ini berupaya untuk memetakan dan menganalisis 52 literatur yang relevan dengan menggunakan metode taksonomi. Tulisan ini akan menjawab rumusan permasalahan utama, yakni bagaimana perkembangan perdagangan karbon dikaji dalam literatur dan kerangka pemikiran hubungan internasional? Hasil pemetaan literatur menunjukkan adanya konsensus mengenai diskursus iklim dan lingkungan, aspek ekonomi, posisi Uni Eropa, serta sikap skeptis terhadap integritas lingkungan dalam konteks perdagangan karbon. Sementara itu, terdapat perdebatan di antara para akademisi mengenai evaluasi perdagangan karbon sebagai kebijakan lingkungan, potensi linking, peran sektor swasta, dan posisi negara berkembang. Analisis penulis menghasilkan sebuah sintesis umum bahwa pembahasan tentang perdagangan karbon dalam hubungan internasional telah melebur dalam diskursus iklim, dengan kekhasan perdebatan tentang hubungan Utara-Selatan, aspek ekonomi dan pembangunan, serta peran aktor non-negara. Penulis juga menemukan adanya celah penelitian berdasarkan tema dan konteks waktu penulisan, tema yurisdiksi yang dibahas, dan paradigma pemikiran yang digunakan.

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The increasing urgency of the climate change in the international system is inseparable from the role of market actors, giving rise to market-based climate solutions — especially in the form of carbon trading. Negotiations in the Kyoto Protocol to the Paris Agreement have also incorporated the concept of carbon trading, and its realization has been implemented and planned in various jurisdictions. By conducting a search of peer- reviewed international literatures, this literature review seeks to map and analyze 52 relevant literatures using the taxonomic method. This paper will answer the formulation of the main problem, namely, how is the development of carbon trading studied in the literature and framework of international relations? The results of the literature mapping show that there is a consensus regarding the climate and environmental discourse, economic aspects, the position of the European Union, and skepticism about environmental integrity in the context of carbon trading. Meanwhile, debate among academics have revolved around the evaluation of carbon trading as an environmental policy, the potential of linking, the role of the private sector, and the position of developing countries. The author's analysis results in a general synthesis that discussions about carbon trading in international relations have merged into the climate discourse, with the particularity of debates on North-South relations, economic and development aspects, and the role of non-state actors. The author also finds that there are several research gaps based on the theme and context of writing, the jurisdictional themes that have been discussed, and the thought paradigms being used."