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"Terjadinya keadaan sulit dapat menyebabkan perubahan terhadap keseimbangan dalam sebuah kontrak sehingga mengakibatkan kesulitan bagi debitur dalam melaksanakan kewajiban kontraktualnya. Kesulitan ini juga terjadi dalam kasus gagal bayar PT Asuransi Jiwa Bakrie (PT AJB). Berdasarkan Putusan No. 21/Pdt.G.S/2022/PN.JKT SEL, PT AJB dinyatakan wanprestasi atas kegagalannya dalam melakukan pembayaran kepada seorang pemegang polis. Hakim menghukum PT AJB untuk melakukan pembayaran kepada pemegang polis tersebut. Namun dikarenakan izin usaha PT AJB telah dicabut, pembayaran tidak boleh dilakukan oleh pihak PT AJB. Seharusnya tim likuidasi PT AJB yang melakukan pembayaran tersebut, namun bertahun-tahun sejak dicabutnya izin usaha PT AJB, belum dibentuk tim likuidasi. Skripsi ini membahas tentang konsekuensi hukum dari kegagalan PT AJB dalam membayar klaim tertanggung dengan alasan finansial perusahaan dan peran Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) dalam menyikapi putusan pengadilan yang menghukum perusahaan asuransi yang telah dicabut izin usahanya untuk melakukan pembayaran kepada tertanggung. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam skripsi ini adalah penelitian berbentuk yuridis-normatif dengan menganalisis peraturan perundang-undangan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah konsekuensi hukum dari kegagalan PT AJB dalam membayar klaim tertanggung adalah dijatuhkannya sanksi administratif terhadap PT AJB serta dapat digugatnya PT AJB atas dasar wanprestasi. Sementara peran OJK dalam menyikapi putusan pengadilan yang menghukum perusahaan asuransi yang telah dicabut izin usahanya untuk melakukan pembayaran kepada tertanggung adalah OJK harus membentuk tim likuidasi berdasarkan Pasal 42 ayat (2) UU Perasuransian dan OJK berwenang menetapkan kebijakan di bidang perasuransian yang bertujuan menjaga stabilitas industri asuransi dan meringankan perusahaan asuransi yang terdampak bencana berdasarkan Pasal 54A ayat (1) POJK No. 5 Tahun 2023.

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The occurrence of hardship can cause changes to the balance of a contract, resulting in difficulties for the debtor in carrying out his contractual obligations. This difficulty also occurred in the case of PT Asuransi Jiwa Bakrie (PT AJB). Based on Decision No. 21/Pdt.G.S/2022/PN.JKT SEL, PT AJB was declared to have failed to make payments to a policyholder. The judge sentenced PT AJB to make payments to the policyholder. However, because PT AJB's business license has been revoked, payment may not be made by PT AJB. PT AJB's liquidation team should have made the payment, but many years since PT AJB's business license was revoked, a liquidation team has not been formed. This thesis discusses the legal consequences of PT AJB's failure to pay the insured's claims for financial reasons and the role of Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) in responding to court decisions that punish insurance companies whose business licenses have been revoked to make payments to the insured. The research method used in this thesis is a normative-juridical research by analyzing laws and regulations. The result of this study is that the legal consequences of PT AJB's failure to pay the insured's claims are the imposition of administrative sanctions against PT AJB and a lawsuit by said policyholder. While the role of OJK in responding to court decisions that punish insurance companies whose business licenses have been revoked to make payments to the insured is that OJK must form a liquidation team based on Article 42 (2) of the Insurance Law and OJK has the authority to establish policies in the insurance sector aimed at maintaining the stability of the insurance industry and relieve insurance companies affected by disasters based on Article 54A (1) POJK No. 5 Year 2023."

"Likuidasi bank adalah proses pembubaran yang diikuti pemberesan terhadap harta dan kewajiban bank yang izin usahanya telah dicabut. Ketika Undang-Undang Perbankan Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 berlaku likuidasi bank dilakukan oleh Menteri Keuangan, setelah berlakunya Undang-Undang Perbankan yang baru Nomor 10 Tahun 1998 kewenangan dipegang oleh Bank Indonesia. Kemudian terbentuklah Lembaga Penjamin Simpanan (LPS) melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2004 tentang Lembaga Penjamin Simpanan (Undang-Undang LPS). Skripsi ini membahas mengenai perbedaan likuidasi bank yang diatur sebelum dan sesudah berlakunya Undang-Undang LPS. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan undang-undang. Penulis menggunakan bahan hukum primer, sekunder, maupun tersier, dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Setelah Undang-Undang LPS berlaku, kewenangan untuk melakukan likuidasi terhadap bank yang dicabut izin usahanya dipegang oleh LPS. Perbandingan likuidasi bank sebelum dan sesudah berlakunya Undang-Undang LPS dapat dilihat dari persamaan dan perbedaan likuidasi bank menurut Bank Indonesia dan LPS, yaitu peranan Tim Likuidasi, mekanisme likuidasi, pengawasan, perubahan kewenangan, campur tangan Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham (RUPS) dan Pengadilan, jangka waktu, dan program penjaminan.

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Bank liquidation is a dissolution process followed by the resolution of asset and obligation from banks which business license have been revoked. When the Banking Act No.7 of 1992 was applied, the liquidation of banks was conducted by the Minister of Finance, after the legalization of the new Banking Act No. 10 of 1998, this authority now held by Bank Indonesia. Then Indonesian Deposits Insurance Corporation (IDIC) was form by the Act No. 24 of 2004 about IDIC (IDIC Act).

This thesis discusses the differences of bank liquidation that was arranged before and after the legalization of IDIC Act. This research used normative legal research method with legislation approach. The author uses primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials using a qualitative approach. After IDIC Act was applied, the authority to conduct the liquidation of bank licenses that have been revoked is held by IDIC.

The comparison of bank liquidation before and after the legalization of IDIC Act can be seen from the similarities and differences of bank liquidation according to Bank of Indonesia and IDIC, which are the role of Liquidation Team, mechanism of liquidation, supervision, change of authority, the intervention from the General Meeting of Shareholders (GMS) and the court, the period, and the guarantee program."

"Akibat memburuknya kondisi perekonomian akibat kenaikan harga minyak mentah dunia, perusahaan dan bank-bank harus memikirkan cara untuk dapat mempertahankan kelangsungan hidup dari usahanya. Kondisi perekonomian seperti ini menyebabkan perusahaan dan bank-bank mengalami apa yang disebut dengan financial distress, yaitu berdasarkan definisi yang dikemukakan Stephen A. Ross dalam Buku Corporate Finance Sixth Edition; Financial distress is a situation where a firm's operating cash flows are not sufficient to satisfy current obligations (such as trade credits or interest expenses) and the firms is forced to take corrective action.Edward I. Altman telah mengembangkan suatu model yang dapat digunakan oleh Para analis keuangan untuk mengetahui kebangkrutan suatu perusahaan, yaitu Z-Score Model, yang diterapkan pada perusahaan manufaktur dan non manufaktur; perusahaan private dan perusahaan non manufaktur.Berdasarkan hasil pengujian terhadap Laporan Keuangan Bank-Bank yang telah dicabut ijin usahanya, didapatkan hasil test bahwa lebih dari 50% bank-bank tersebut tergolong bangkrut. Atas dasar hat tersebut, penulis berkesimpulan bahwa Z -Score Model Altman untuk perusahaan private dan manufaktur dapat diterapkan pada Laporan Keuangan Bank.Bank-bank yang telah tergolong bangkut tersebut oleh Bank Indonesia disebut sebagai bank bermasalah. Bank-bank ini mendapatkan pengawasan khusus dari Bank Indonesia dan diupayakari untuk dapat disehatkan kembali kondisinya, dengan berbagai cara seperti merger, akuisisi, mencari investor, dan lain-lain, selanjutnya apabila tidak bisa disehatkan kembali maka bank tersebut akan dilikuidasi.Z-Score Model yang dikembangkan oleh E.I. Altman ini masih perlu diteliti kembali khususnya untuk meramalkan kebangkrutan bank-bank, karena terdapat perbedaan yang mendasar dan kegiatan usaha perusahaan dengan perbankan. Di samping itu Z-Score Model dan Altman ini belum memasukkan unsur risiko, off balance sheet transactions dan prudential banking sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku di perbankan.

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Because of the deterioration of economic conditions since the government increased fuel prices, many companies included banks have been in trouble in its financial condition. To maintain the sustainability of its business, every company must have a good solution in order to deal with this problem. This condition complies with the definition made by Stephen A. Ross in his book Corporate Finance Sixth Edition stating that Financial distress is a situation where a firm's operating cash flows are not sufficient to satisfy current obligations (such as trade credits or interest expenses) and the firms is forced to take corrective action.

Edward I. Altman had developed Z-Score Model to predict firm's bankruptcy. He made two models for different company, that were Z-Score Model for manufacturing and non manufacturing companies and Z-Score Model for private company and non manufacturing company.

The result of testing Z-Score Model to Financial Statement from liquidated banks is that, more than 50% of these banks are proven to be bankrupt banks. Based on this empirical result, I conclude that Z-Score Model from Altman is a good model to predict bank's bankruptcy.

This finding is appropriate with the measures taken by Bank Indonesia as a Central Bank that classified these banks as insolvent banks. These banks, then, received special treatment from Bank Indonesia. In order to make financial condition of these banks was sound, banks and Bank Indonesia must have such solutions as searching new investor, adding up capital, merger, acquisitions, takeovers, etc. Bank Indonesia gave opportunity to bank as follows; if a bank cannot be restored or fail after acquiring special treatment, banks will be closed by Bank Indonesia.

Z-Score Model from E.I. Altman must have developed again because these models are designed for manufacture and non manufacture and private company. If these models are used to banking, many thing likes risk, off balance sheet transactions and prudential banking should be accounted in order to create a suitable models for bank's bankruptcy."

"Tesis ini membahas mengenai penerapan atas penyelesaian kewajiban bank dalam likuidasi kepada para kreditur ditinjau dari Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 24 Tahun 2004 tentang Lembaga Penjamin Simpanan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan metode analisis yuridis normatif. Teori yang digunakan atas penerapan hukum tersebut didasari atas asas hukum lex specialis dimana terdapat antara dua atau beberapa aturan yang saling terkait dalam urutan proses penyelesaian kewajiban bank yang dilikuidasi kepada para kreditur dari hasil proses likuidasi. Sedangkan, analisa dalam penelitian ini dilakukan secara kualitatif dengan memilih pasal-pasal yang terdapat dalam Undang-Undang tentang Lembaga Penjamin Simpanan dan peraturan perundang-undangan terkait sesuai dengan ruang lingkup permasalahan penelitian ini kemudian melakukan penelusuran terhadap teori dan asas-asas hukum sehubungan dengan hal tersebut.

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This thesis focuses on the implementation of a bank in liquidation in a settlement obligation to the creditors viewed from the law of Republic Indonesia Number 24 year 2004 concerning Deposit Insurance Corporation. This research is normative juridicial research.The theory that is used for the rule of law is based on the principle of legal lex specialis where there be between two or several the rules of being intertwined in the process of resolving the bank being liquidated. The research is conducted on legal principles and legal synchronization. Whereas, analysis in this research is conducted in a qualitative by selecting articles in the law regarding deposit insurance corporation and prevailing laws, subsequently conducting research over legal theory and legal principle in relation to those matters."