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"Mental-state yang dipergunakan oleh ibu merupakan faktor yang penting dalam perkembangan theory of mind pada anak. Meskipun demikian, penelitian-penelitian yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya mengenai mental-state dan theory of mind, hanya berfokus pada komponen false belief. Padahal dalam theory of mind, false belief hanyalah salah satu dari enam komponen yang ada. Selain itu, komunikasi tidak hanya terjadi antara ibu dan anak, melainkan juga komunikasi juga terjadi dalam sistem keluarga. Sejauh ini, masih sedikit penelitian yang mempelajari peran pola komunikasi keluarga dan penggunaan mental-state term ibu secara bersamaan dalam kaitan pemahaman theory of mind anak usia 5-6 tahun. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menginvestigasi kontribusi mental-state term dan pola komunikasi keluarga terhadap pemahaman theory of mind anak usia 5-6 tahun. Sebanyak 104 ibu dan anak mengikutikegiatan penelitian ini. Kemampuan theory of mind anak diukur melalui 6 komponen theory of mind dengan metode tanya jawab, sedangkan penggunaan mental state term ibu dan pola komunikasi keluarga diukur menggunakan kuesioner. Mental-state term ibu dan pola komunikasi keluarga conversation orientation memprediksi pemahaman theory of mind anak, dengan mengontrol variabel usia anak dan interval pendidikan ibu. Di sisi lain pola komunikasi keluarga conformity orientation tidak memberikan kontribusi yang signifikan terhadap pemahaman theory of mind anak. Penelitian ini memberikan informasi penting mengenai pentingnya penggunaan mental-state term dan menerapkan pola komunikasi keluarga yang tepat terhadap pemahaman theory of mind anak di periode usia 5-6 tahun.

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Mother rsquo s mental state is one of crucial factors in the children rsquo s theory of mind understanding. Nonetheless, numerous research related to children rsquo s theory of mind understanding, had focused only on the false belief domain. Whereas in theory of mind, false belief is one of six component. Other than that communication not only between mother and children interaction, but also in family system. On top of that, there is still a limited number of studies covering the up rearing of both family communication pattern and mother rsquo s mental state term in relation to the children rsquo s theory of mind understanding. The current study investigated the contribution of mother rsquo s mental state term and family communication pattern to theory of mind understanding among 5 6 years old children. 104 mothers and children are participated in this study. Children rsquo s theory of mind understanding were measuring using 6 component of theory of mind, while mother rsquo s mental state term and family communication pattern was measuring by questionnaire. It was revealed that mother rsquo s mental state term and family communication pattern conversation orientation could predict children rsquo s theory of mind understanding, taking into account their age and mother rsquo s interval of education. On the other hand, family communication pattern conformity orientation had no significant contribution to children rsquo s theory of mind understanding. This study gave new insight regarding the importance of using mental state term and applying an appropriate pattern to theory of mind understanding at 5 6 years old children."

"The author argues that the Arab mind entered Indonesian society since the onset of Islam spreading in the 7th century. The development of the Arab mind has its own dynamic and inseparable from Islamic thought. The touch with Hindu-Budha cultural values created Kejawen among the Javanese; the contact with Dutch colonialism resulted acceptance of school system which brings secularism to Indonesian society. In the 80's, the Arab mind was suppressed by politically supported western mind through various ways. Globalization brings another challenge to the Arab mind that, interestingly, strengthens of Islamic identity among younger generation."

"ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalh meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar mahasiswa melalui penerapan model pembelajaran aktif menggunakan teknik Mind Map e-learning melalui Edmodo pada mata kuliah Matematika Diskrit. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas, yang dilakukan pada tahhun akademik 2014/2015 dengan responden 35 mahasiswa Program Studi pendidikan Matematika Universtias Muhammadiyah Jakarta semester 6 kelas A. Aktivitas mahasiswa dilihat dari memperhatikan yang disampaikan dosen, bertanya dan menjawab pertanyaan, mempresentasikan hasil Mind Map, dan membuat kesimpulan/rangkuman. Dari pelaksanaan kegiatan siklus sebanyak dua kali, terlihat adanya peningkatan aktivitas memperhatikan penjelasan dari dosen, keberanian mahasiswa dalam mengemukakan pertanyaan, kemampuan mahasiswa dalam menjawab pertanyaan, keberanian mahasiswa dalam mempresentasikan hasil mind map, dan membuat kesimpulan/rangkuman materi pembelajaran. Selain itu, terdapat juga peningkatan hasil belajar mahasiswa. Nilai rata-rata hasil belajar mahasiswa sebelum tindakan adalah 65. Pada siklus I, nilai ini meningkat menjadi 74. Nilai tersebut merupakan gabungan dari nilai Mind Map, post test, dan tes akhir atau ujian akhir semester. Nilai ini juga terlihat meningkat pada siklus II, yaitu menjadi 86. Dari hasil penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa tenik Mind Map berbantuan e-learning Edmodo dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar mahasiswa."

"Mindfulness and one of the roads to it, meditation, have become increasingly popular as a way to promote health and well-being. Research on their beneficial effects has boomed over the past decade. This volume is the first book-length review of this body of research: how the effects of mindfulness practice flow from brain to mind to life. It is aimed specifically at the nonspecialist reader who is looking for a scientific perspective on mindfulness practice. The book reviews how meditation calms the body and what its effects are on brain functioning-how it impacts control over attention, awareness of the body, and the experience of self-and how these in turn leave telltale lasting traces in brain structure. It investigates the resulting effects on mind and life, showing that mindfulness and meditation make people feel less stressed, boost immune function, make people less anxious and less depressed, dampen negative emotions, amplify positive emotions, help regulate emotions, make people less ruminative, take the edges off negative personality traits, strengthen self-concept, and make people more empathic and compassionate. It digs into the mechanisms behind those changes-the application of mindfulness during meditation gives birth to mindfulness in daily life, which becomes an ingrained habit, and this, in turn, enhances ones well-being. It also examines how mindfulness can be useful as a therapy, alleviating depression, anxiety, worry, and pain. A final chapter provides advice on how to meditate and practice mindfulness in a scientifically sound way."

"ABSTRAKDalam pembelajaran keterampilan menulis teks narasi bahasa Inggris, siswa kelas 4 mengalami kesulitan untuk memulai kegiatan menulis karena mereka tidak mampu mengungkapkan ide mereka dengan baik terkait topik yang harus mereka tulis. Mind-mapping dianggap dapat memberikan solusi atas masalah ini karena mind-mapping merupakan cara mencatat secara efektif dan kreatif dengan memetakan ide secara terorganisir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan alternatif teknik pengajaran keterampilan menulis teks bahasa Inggris yang lebih menarik dan kreatif khususnya untuk siswa sekolah dasar melalui penerapan teknik mind-mapping. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang menggunakan metode kombinasi antara kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Desain penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilakukan merupakan penelitian kolaborasi antara peneliti dan guru bahasa Inggris yang bekerja sama dalam perencanaan, implementasi, pengamatan dan refleksi tindakan. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi kelas, kuesioner, wawancara, dan tes menulis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa mind-mapping efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan menulis teks narasi bahasa Inggris siswa. Penggunaan gambar berwarna dalam mind -mapping efektif meningkatkan antusiasme siswa dalam tahap pengembangan topik dan pemodelan teks. Penggunaan mind-mapping sebagai strategi pramenulis pada tahap penyusunan dan penulisan teks berhasil membantu siswa mengungkapkan ide mereka dengan baik sehingga siswa mampu menghasilkan teks narasi dengan isi dan struktur teks yang tepat. Penelitian ini juga mengemukakan respon positif persepsi siswa terhadap penggunaan mind-mapping. Kata kunci: keterampilan menulis, mind-mapping, siswa muda, teks narasi bahasa Inggris

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ABSTRACT In writing English narrative texts, 4th grade students as young learners had difficulties in expressing ideas related to topics assigned by teachers. Mind mapping was considered to solve the problem because it was a way of taking note effectively and creatively by mapping organized ideas. This study aimed to provide an alternative teaching techniques of English text writing skills that were more interesting and creative especially for elementary school students through the application of mind mapping techniques. This study was a classroom action research using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. The design was a collaborative study between the researcher and English teacher who worked together in planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting on the implementation of mind mapping. Data were collected through classroom observations, questionnaire, interview, and writing activities. The results showed that mind mapping was effective in improving the students rsquo ability to write English narrative texts. The use of colorful pictures was effective to enhance students rsquo enthusiasms in topic development and text modelling. The use of mind mapping as a prewriting strategy at the stage of composing and writing text successfully helped students express ideas so that they could produce narrative texts with appropriate content and structure. This study also revealed that students rsquo perceptions towards mind mapping were positive. Keywords writing skills, young learners, mind mapping, English narrative texts"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi urutan perkembangan theory of mind(ToM) anak usia 5-7 tahun di rural dan urban serta untuk mengetahui peran budayaindividualis atau kolektivis dan parenting attitude terhadap perkembangan theory ofmind anak. Penelitian ini melibatkan 91 partisipan ibu dan anak dari suku Jawa di ruraldan urban. Kemampuan theory of mind diukur menggunakan Theory of Mind Task.Budaya diukur dengan Skala Pengasuhan Individualis atau Kolektivis dan parentingattitude diukur menggunakan Parenting Attitude Inventory. Penelitian ini juga akanmengukur komponen sarcasm untuk pertama kali di Indonesia. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa urutan perkembangan theory of mind anak di rural dan urban tidakmengikuti pola urutan ToM western atau eastern dengan urutan komponen ToM diversedesire > hidden emotion > diverse belief > sarcasm > knowledge access > false belief> second order. Budaya individualis atau kolektivis dan parenting attitude ditemukantidak signifikan dalam memprediksi perkembangan theory of mind anak di rural danurban, tapi parenting attitude pola konformiti menunjukkan hubungan negatif secarasignifikan dengan komponen hidden emotion.

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This study aims to identify the sequence of development of theory of mind (ToM) of

children aged 5-7 years in rural and urban areas and to determine the role of

individualist or collectivist culture and parenting attitude towards the development of

theory of mind. This study involved 91 participants of mothers and children from

Javanese in rural and urban areas. The ability of theory of mind is measured using

Theory of Mind Task. Culture preferences is measured by the Individualist or

Collectivist Parenting Scale and parenting attitude is measured using Parenting Attitude

Inventory. This research will also measure the components of Sarcasm for the first time

in Indonesia. The results showed that the sequence of development of theory of mind of

children in rural and urban areas did not match with the pattern of western or eastern

ToM sequences and showed a sequence of ToM components diverse desire> hidden

emotion> diverse beliefs> sarcasm> knowledge access> false beliefs> second order.

Individualist or collectivist culture and parenting attitude were found to be insignificant

in predicting the development of children's theory of mind in rural and urban areas, but

parenting attitude conformity patterns showed a significant negative relationship with

the hidden emotion component."

"Interaksi orang tua adalah salah satu prediktor perkembangan Theory of Mind (ToM), yaitu sebuah kemampuan sosial kognitif yang penting bagi kehidupan sosial anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat peran interaksi ayah, khususnya Mental State Language (MSL), terhadap perkembangan ToM pada anak usia 5 – 7 tahun. MSL diukur dengan inventori Mental State Language Ayah yang diadaptasi dari Maternal Mental State Input Inventory milik Peterson dan Slaughter (2003), dan ToM anak diukur dengan ToM Scale milik Wellman dan Liu (2004), Peterson et al., (2012), serta Perner dan Wimmer (1985). 120 pasangan ayah dan anak dari SES menengah ke atas menjadi bagian dari penelitian ini. Kontras dengan penelitian sebelumnya, studi ini menemukan bahwa MSL Ayah tidak berperan terhadap perkembangan ToM anak usia 5-7 tahun. Studi ini juga menemukan urutan perkembangan ToM yang berbeda, berupa Diverse Desire, Hidden Emotion, Sarcasm, Diverse Belief, Knowledge Access, False Belief, dan 2nd Order ToM.

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Parental Interaction is one of the strong predictors of Children’s Theory of Mind Development, a social cognitive skill that affects children’s social life. This study invastigates whether father’s Mental State Language (MSL) has a role toward children’s ToM in age 5 to 7 years old. Father’s MSL measured by MSL Inventory which is adapted from Maternal Mental State Input Inventory (MMSI) (Peterson & Slaughter, 2003), and children’s ToM measured by ToM Scale (Wellman & Liu, 2004; Peterson et al., 2012; Perner & Wimmer 1985). 120 pairs of father and child from middle to high SES participated in this study. Contrast with the preliminary studies, this study suggests that fathers MSL have no role toward ToM in children 5 to 7 years old. This study also found that the childrens ToM developmental order differs from other studies, in the following order: Diverse Desire, Hidden Emotion, Sarcasm, Diverse Belief, Knowledge Access, False Belief, and 2nd Order ToM."

"Tantangan pada penulisan teks argumentatif yang dihadapi pelajar kelas XI salah satu Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) swasta di Cibubur terletak pada kemampuan menyusun dan mengembangkan gagasan. Maka, kendala tersebut diatasi melalui studi eksperimental menggunakan metode campuran dengan menerapkan prewriting berbentuk mind map. Hasil penelitian berupa perbandingan nilai pre-test dan post-test yang dianalisis menggunakan Nonparametric-Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan pada experimental group dengan Asymp.Sig.(2-tailed) 0.003<0.05. Partisipan kemudian mengungkapkan persepsinya terhadap penggunaan mind map melalui kuesioner dan wawancara yang dianalisis menggunakan software Nvivo 12 dengan teknik In Vivo coding. Dari hasil analisis, diketahui bahwa kata kunci, warna, dan cabang merupakan komponen mind map yang paling berdampak pada eksplorasi konten, struktur teks, kemudahan dan minat menulis, efisiensi waktu, serta keterampilan berpikir. Meskipun demikian, terdapat 3 orang partisipan yang mengungkapkan bahwa mereka tidak merasakan perkembangan karena penyebab tertentu. Signifikansi hasil penelitian dan persepsi yang mayoritas positif menyiratkan bahwa mind map merupakan strategi yang cocok untuk mengembangkan gagasan pada penulisan teks argumentatif. Maka, pada penelitian selanjutnya, menarik untuk melihat fungsi mind map pada komunitas belajar yang lebih besar dan menggabungkannya dengan strategi lain untuk mengoptimalkan hasil belajar.

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The ability to compose and develop ideas in argumentative writing was a challenge for grade XI students at one of Cibubur’s private high schools. Therefore, a mixed method experimental study was implemented to determine the effectiveness of mind map as a prewriting strategy to improve the student’s ability. The result of the study was presented by the comparison of pre-test and post-test scores which were analyzed using Nonparametric-Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. A significant value was found in the experimental group with Asymp (two-tailed) Sig. = 0.003<0.05. The participants also expressed their perception of the mind map’s feature through a questionnaire and interview. According to the data which were analyzed using Nvivo 12 with In Vivo coding, the mind map elements with the greatest influence on content exploration, text structure, ease and interest in writing, time efficiency, and thinking skills were keywords, colors, and branches. Nevertheless, 3 participants said they didn’t make any progress for several reasons. The significant findings and the vast majority of positive opinions indicated that the mind map was an effective strategy for developing ideas in argumentative writing. In further research, it would be interesting to explore how it fits into the larger learning community by combining it with other methods to improve learning outcomes.

"

"Mooi Indië paintings represented the orientalist-colonial imagination of the picturesque Netherlands East Indies, with the obfuscation of the social realities on the ground and the silencing of the adverse effects of colonial capitalism. This article discusses the colonial legacy of Mooi Indië paintings on contemporary environmental policy in Indonesia, with a case study of the policy of the Citarum Harum Taskforce. This Taskforce was formed in 2018 and marked the national government’s attempt to rehabilitate the Citarum after it was declared one of the most polluted rivers in the world. It provides an analysis of several Mooi Indië paintings which depict the Citarum River and were created by European painters (such as Antoine Payen and Isaäc Groneman), before looking at the contemporary effects of the Citarum Harum’s beautification-oriented policy. The article also analyses some particular stereotypes of Netherlands East Indies natives as depicted in Mooi Indië paintings for comparison with the Taskforce’s policy implementation on the residents along the Citarum River. Ultimately, such a comparison demonstrates a form of colonial captivity at work today. The ideas of the Citarum Harum Taskforce demonstrate a captive mind, which continues to hide the socio-environmental problems which persist. This to the exploitation of the environment and people in the wake of the contemporary neoliberal system which dominates our worldview."