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"Suatu negara memiliki otoritas untuk melakukan segala tindakan yang berkaitan dengan isu keamanan negaranya. Pemblokiran yang dilakukan oleh Amerika Serikat terhadap Huawei, merupakan bentuk upaya negara tersebut untuk melindungi kepentingan keamanan nasionalnya. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana pemblokiran Huawei di Amerika Serikat dilakukan sebagai upaya melindungi keamanan nasional Amerika Serikat. Tuduhan atas Huawei sebagai perusahaan yang digunakan oleh pemerintah Tiongkok untuk melakukan aktivitas mata – mata kepada Amerika Serikat dan rakyatnya menyebabkan Presiden Donald Trump mengeluarkan perintah eksekutif untuk memblokir secara permanen Huawei di AS. Untuk membuktikan tuduhannya terhadap Huawei, pemerintah Amerika Serikat mendorong negara – negara aliansinya untuk ikut memblokir Huawei dan mendorong membatalkan kerja sama pengembangan jaringan 5G dengan Huawei. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis kualitatif dengan menggunakan teknik penelitian deduktif untuk memahami persepsi ancaman Amerika Serikat terhadap Huawei sebagai ancaman keamanan nasional. Berdasarkan analisis yang dilakukan oleh penulis, penyebab terjadinya pemblokiran Huawei oleh Amerika Serikat adalah karena Huawei dianggap dijadikan alat oleh pemerintah Tiongkok yang berbahaya bagi keamanan nasional AS.

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A country has the authority to take all actions related to state security issues. The blocking by the United States (US) against Huawei is a form of US efforts to protect its country's national security interests. Research in this case aims to analyze how Huawei is blocked in the United States as an effort to protect the national security of the United States. Allegations of Huawei as a company used by the Chinese government to carry out spying activities on the US and its people, led President Donald Trump to issue an executive order to block Huawei permanently in the US. To prove its accusations against Huawei, the US government is encouraging its allied countries to participate in blocking Huawei and pushing to cancel 5G network development cooperation with Huawei. This study uses a qualitative analysis method using deductive research techniques to understand the perception of the US threat to Huawei as a threat to US national security. Based on the analysis conducted by the author, the cause of the US blocking Huawei is because Huawei is considered a tool by the Chinese government to attack US national security."

"Di tengah dinamisnya politik global antara negara Barat dengan Cina saat ini, Pemerintah Australia mengambil keputusan geopolitik yang cukup besar, yakni Perjanjian AUKUS. Perjanjian ini tidak hanya mempengaruhi dinamika pertahanan dan keamanan nasional dalam negeri Australia, namun juga akan berdampak pada stabilitas kawasan. Namun, pembentukan perjanjian AUKUS ini tidak terlepas dari mekanisme yang kurang demokratis, seperti minimnya transparansi pemerintah dan pengawasan parlemen terhadap perjanjian tersebut. Akan tetapi, dengan mekanisme yang kurang demokratis itu parlemen tetap mengambil sikap bipartisan terhadap perjanjian tersebut. Dengan menggunakan teori bipartisanship norm oleh Andrew Carr, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengemukakan mengapa parlemen Australia mengambil sikap bipartisan terhadap Perjanjian AUKUS. Teori bipartisanship norm menjelaskan bahwa terdapat konsekuensi apabila sikap bipartisan tidak diambil oleh aktor yang bersangkutan. Dalam Perjanjian AUKUS, norma bipartisan memiliki dua konsekuensi jika tidak dijalankan, antara lain (1) partai menjadi kurang diuntungkan dalam pemilihan federal karena dinilai tidak mengutamakan keamanan nasional, dan (2) partai kehilangan kepercayaan dari aliansi utama Australia, yaitu Amerika Serikat dan Inggris.

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In the midst of the current dynamics of global politics between Western countries and China, the Australian Government made a fairly major geopolitical decision, namely the AUKUS Agreement. This agreement will not only affect the dynamics of Australia's internal national defense and security, but will also have an impact on regional stability. However, the formation of the AUKUS agreement is inseparable from mechanisms that are less democratic, such as the lack of government transparency and parliamentary oversight of the agreement. However, with this less democratic mechanism, the parliament still takes a bipartisan attitude towards the agreement. By using the theory of bipartisanship norm by Andrew Carr, this study aims to explain why the Australian parliament took a bipartisan attitude towards the AUKUS agreement. The bipartisanship norm theory explains that there are consequences if the bipartisan attitude is not taken by the actor concerned. In the AUKUS agreement, the bipartisan norm has two consequences if it is not implemented, namely (1) the party becomes disadvantaged in the federal election because it is considered not to prioritize national security, and (2) the party loses the trust of Australia's main alliance, namely the United States and Britain."

"Perkembangan teknologi informasi yang sangat massif telah membawa perubahan sosial dalam bentuk komunikasi antar individu maupun kelompok manusia melalui penggunaan media sosial. Perubahan tersebut telah menciptakan cara atau metode baru untuk memudahkan pengguna agar dapat menerima pesan dari pengirim. Istilah buzzer pada awalnya tercipta untuk membantu melakukan pemasaran suatu barang, produk, atau jasa. Namun dalam perkembangannya, buzzer telah menjadi sebuah fenomena yang dijadikan sebagai alat politik untuk melakukan manipulasi publik melalui media sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pola dan strategi buzzer politik dalam operasi media sosial serta potensi ancaman yang ditimbulkan. Kemudian, penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan gambaran mengenai pemahaman keberadaan dan aktivitas buzzer politik terhadap stabilitas politk dan keamanan nasional.Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif melalui studi literatur, wawancara mendalam dengan informan, serta melakukan analisis framing dan propaganda terhadap konten-konten yang disebarkan oleh buzzer politik. Berdasarkan penelitian ini telah teridentifikasi pola, strategi, dan metode buzzer politik untuk menarik perhatian khalayak dengan menggunakan metode propaganda yang berpotensi menganggu stabilitas politik dan keamanan nasional

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The development of information technology that is very massive has brought social changes in the form of communication between individuals and groups of people through the use of social media. The changes have created new ways or methods to make it easier for users to receive messages from senders. The term buzzer was originally coined to help do marketing of a good, product, or service. But in its development, the buzzer has become a phenomenon that has been used as a political tool to carry out public manipulation through social media. This study aims to analyze patterns and strategies of political buzzers in social media operations as well as the potential threats posed. Then, this research is expected to provide an overview of the understanding of the existence and activity of political buzzers towards political stability and national security.

This research was conducted using qualitative methods through literature studies, in-depth interviews with informants, as well as conducting framing and propaganda analysis of content spread by political buzzers. Based on this research, patterns, strategies, and methods of political buzzers have been identified to attract the attention of the public by using propaganda methods that have the potential to disrupt political stability and national security."

"Indonesia responds to the urgency of the threat of food crisis by developing national food estate. According to reports released by FAO and United Nations, the Covid-19 pandemic has the potential to threaten more than 50 million people towards extreme poverty. This has an impact on the global food crisis that threatens other countries if they do not take the right steps immediately. Food crisis is one of the non-traditional threats because it has significant impact on lives of many people in a country. Non-traditional threats are defined as security threats that hit a country non-militarily, it can be in the form of issues of climate change, economy, limited resources, disease outbreaks, or food security. Food security can be achieved when access to food can be easily achieved by all elements of society and meets the domestic needs. However, when access to food cannot be easily accessed by public, it creates a potential for a food crisis. This is because food is the primary need of every individual which must be fulfilled at any time so it is a national security issue. Through these problems, the availability of national food security must be guaranteed by the government. Along with high population growth and a pandemic outbreak, national food security and stability is on the verge of limitations. This article aims to explain the development of food estate as Indonesia’s strategy in facing the threat of food crisis in the next few years. This research used qualitative analysis method to understand the urgency of the development of food estate as a way for Indonesia to face the threat of food crisis by using the theory of threats, food security, and food estate. In this case, Jokowi responded to the threat of the food crisis by building national food estate in Central Kalimantan. The development of national food estate is considered to be able to meet Indonesia’s food reserves in the next few years, especially after the pandemic period. The results of the research in this article show that the government sees the potential for the food crisis as a national threat, so it needs measurable steps that can overcome these problems and pay attention to the sustainability aspect in its implementation. Therefore, building a food estate is the right step to answer this challenge."

"Penelitian ini berfokus pada Strategi Nasional dan Kerjasama Kawasan di Sektor Siber. Studi atas 3 Negara Baltik: Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia, berdasarkan faktor-faktor dalam strategi nasional yang paling dikenal, yaitu: faktor hukum, faktor organisasi dan teknis, faktor kegiatan peningkatan kapasitas di masing-masing negara, dan faktor kerjasama tersebut di kawasan, yaitu Baltik. Dalam Studi ini juga dieksplorasi pentingnya penunjukan badan resmi untuk memimpin tugas keamanan siber di tingkat nasional dan pembentukan Tim Respons Insiden Komputer (CIRT) untuk memerangi serangan siber yang menargetkan ruang siber nasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan memanfaatkan data kualitatif dan data kuantitatif untuk mendukung rancangan penelitian studi kasus. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan Regional Security Complex Theory (RSCT) oleh Barry Buzan dan beberapa konsep, yaitu: konsep keamanan nasional, dan konsep sektor siber. Hasil penelitian literatur menunjukkan bahwa 3 Negara Baltik, yaitu Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia memiliki strategi nasional terkait sektor siber dan memiliki berbagai kerjasama di Kawasan Baltik dalam sektor siber karena ketiga negara menganggap bahwa keamanan siber sangat mendesak dan signifikan sebagai bagian dari keamanan dan ketahanan nasional dan regional baik di kawasan Baltik maupun wilayah Uni Eropa secara menyeluruh. Faktor hukum, organisasi dan teknis, kegiatan peningkatan kapasitas, dan kerjasama siber di kawasan Baltik sampai batas tertentu menjadi pembeda kesuksesan Lithuania, Estonia dan Latvia.

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This research focuses on the National Strategy and Regional Cooperation in the Cyber Sector. Study of 3 Baltic Countries: Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia, based on the most recognized factors in the national strategy, namely: legal factors, organizational and technical factors, factors of capacity building activities in each country, and these cooperation factors in the region, namely the Baltic. The Study also explores the importance of appointing an official body to lead cybersecurity tasks at the national level and establishing a Computer Incident Response Team (CIRT) to combat cyberattacks targeting national cyberspace. This study uses a qualitative method by utilizing qualitative data and quantitative data to support the case study research design. In this research, the Regional Security Complex Theory (RSCT) by Barry Buzan and several concepts are used, namely: the concept of national security, and the concept of the cyber sector. The results of the literature research show that the 3 Baltic States, namely Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia have national strategies related to the cyber sector and have various collaborations in the Baltic Region in the cyber sector because the three countries consider that cybersecurity is very urgent and significant as part of national security and resilience and regionally both in the Baltic region and the European Union region as a whole. Legal, organizational and technical factors, capacity building activities, and cyber cooperation in the Baltic region are to some extent differentiating the success of Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia."

"This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th Security Research Conference, Future Security 2012, held in Bonn, Germany, in September 2012. The 78 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 137 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on supply chain and critical infrastructure protection, security situational awareness, crisis management, security for critical infrastructure and urban areas, sensor technology, social, psychological and political aspects, cyber defense and information security, maritime and border security, detection of hazardous materials, food chain security, aviation security, and ergonomic aspects."

"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini membahas mengenai film-film Hollywood yang telah digunakan sebagaiinstrumen pemerintah dalam menyebarkan ide national security state AS sejak tahun1945. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang bersifat eksplanatif.Departemen Pertahanan sebagai bagian dari pemerintah memiliki peran dalammenghasilkan citra militer yang baik sebagai identitas geopolitik dan mengeksplorasibagaimana praktik tersebut sebagai salah satu aspek penting dalam proses sekuritisasiAS. Analisis ini melihat bagaimana relasi Pentagon-Hollywood merupakan kunci darijaringan Military-Industrial-Media-Entertaiment Network, di mana sebuah filmdigunakan sebagai alat untuk perekrutan, hubungan masyarakat militer, dan mungkinjuga membawa beberapa keuntungan komersial. Pentagon menggunakan sebagianbesar film Hollywood untuk mempopulerkan wacana militer, kepahlawanan, dankepemimpinan AS.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis examines Hollywood movies that have been used by the US governmentas an instrument to propagate the dominant idea of U.S. national security state since1945. This explanative research uses qualitative method. It examines the role that theU.S. Department of Defense plays in producing popular images of military power andgeopolitical identity and explores how these practices become important aspect of theprocess of securitization in the U.S. The analysis looks at how the Pentagon-Hollywood connection represents a key in the Military-Industrial-Media-EntertaimentNetwork, where movies are simultaneously being used as a tools for recruitment,military public relations, and perhaps also bring in some degree of commercial profit.Pentagon utilizes the theme of major Hollywood films to popularize discourses ofmilitary superiority, heroism, and American leadership."

"Perjanjian Status of Visiting Forces Agreement (SoVFA) adalah model perjanjian yang baru bagi Indonesia sedangkan pada negara-negara maju model perjanjian ini sudah banyak diadopsi baik yang bersifat bilateral maupun multilat- eral. Perjanjian ini diinisiasi oleh Filipina tahun 2006 kepada Indonesia, namun karena tidak ada respon akhirnya Filipina kembali mengirimkan tahun 2013. Hal ini dikarenakan dalam proses penyusunan dalam negeri selalu mengalami dead- lock. Sementara itu, semakin memanasnya dinamika ancaman keamanan non tradisional seperti terorisme tahun 2016 di laut Sulu, Sulawesi dan makin kuat ser- ta meluasnya ancaman terorisme hingga ke wilayah perbatasan tiga negara (Indo- nesia-Malaysia-Filipina) menyebabkan Menteri Pertahanan Indonesia pada per- temuan Trilateral berinisiatif untuk mengadakan latihan bersama baik di laut maupun di darat dengan membentuk posko militer bersama. Inisiatif tersebut di- sepakati oleh Menhan Malaysia dan Menhan Filipina namun hal tersebut tidak dapat terealisasi karena terkendala oleh Parlemen Filipina yang mensyaratkan bahwa ketika Filipina hendak menjalin kerjasama dengan negara lain harus sudah memiliki SoVFA yang harus disepakati secara bilateral. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus SoVFA. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam dengan memilih nara- sumber yang terlibat langsung dalam proses penyusunan SoVFA, observasi lang- sung pada saat penyusunan perjanjian dan mendapatkan data dari instansi pemerintah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa hubungan diplomasi In- donesia-Filipina yang selama ini telah berjalan dengan baik dikaitkan dengan penyusunan perjanjian SoVFA kurun waktu tahun 2013-2019 ditinjau dari per- spektif Ketahanan Nasional. Penelitian ini mempergunakan konsep diplomasi per- tahanan, teori perjanjian internasional dan ketahanan nasional sebagai pisau ana- lisis dalam penelitiannya. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa adanya perbe- daan sistem hukum kedua negara yang mengakibatkan perjanjian ini lama untuk dicapai kata kesepakatan terutama di internal Indonesia.

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The Status of Visiting Forces Agreement (SoVFA) agreement is a new model agreement for Indonesia while in developed countries this model of agree- ment has been adopted both bilaterally and multilaterally. This agreement was ini- tiated by the Philippines in 2006 to Indonesia, but because there was no response, the Phil-ippines finally sent it back in 2013. It happened because in the domestic drafting process there is always a deadlock. Meanwhile, the increasing dynamics of non traditional security threats such as terrorism in 2016 in the Sulu sea, Sula- wesi and the increasing and widespread threat of terrorism to the three-state bor- der region (Indonesia-Malaysia-Philippines) caused the Indonesian Defense Min- ister at the Trilateral meeting to take the initiative together both at sea and on land by forming joint military posts. The initiative was agreed upon by the Malaysian Defense Min-ister and the Defense Minister of the Philippines, but this could not be realized because it was constrained by the Philippine Parliament which requires that when the Philippines wants to establish cooperation with other countries it must have SoVFA that must be agreed bilaterally. This study used a qualitative research method with the SoVFA case study approach. The technique of collect- ing data is through in-depth interviews by selecting speakers who are directly in- volved in the process of drafting the SoVFA, direct observation during the prepa- ration of agreements and obtaining data from government agencies. This study aims to ana-lyze the diplomatic relations between Indonesia and the Philippines which have been running well so far related with the preparation of the SoVFA agreement in the period 2013-2019 from the perspective of National Resilience. This study uses the concept of defense diplomacy, the theory of international agreements and na-tional resilience as a knife of analysis in his research. The re- sults of the study show that there are differences in the legal systems of the two countries which resulted in this agreement being long to reach an agreement word especially in Indonesia"

"Konflik antar kelompok berpotensi menjadi ancaman menjelang Pilpres 2024, terutama ketika menggunakan politik identitas. Politik identitas digunakan oleh Komunitas Islam Wahabi sebagaimana kemudian memuncak dalam kasus Penghinaan Makam TGH Ali Batu di Lotim. Peneliti ingin mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis potensi ancaman yang muncul akibat politiik identitas yang terjadi. Salah satunya yaitu konflik yang terjadi antara kelompok masyarakat Adat dengan kelompok Islam Wahabi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi atau memetakan konflik yang terjadi serta menganalisis potensi ancaman pada ketahanan nasional.Penelitian ini menggunakan konsep politik identitas dan konflik serta ancaman dan ketahanan nasional. Sementara Pendekatan dalam penelitian adalah kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, observasi dan studi dokumen. Wawancara dilakukan pada pemuka adat dan agama setempat dan pemangku kepentingan yang menangani konflik serta dilengkapi dengan data dari informan yang menangani konflik.Temuan menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan pemahaman terjadi diakibatkan oleh Komunitas Islam Wahabi yang secara terstruktur dan sistematik melakukan dakwah pemurnian Islam yang menolak keberadaan ritual tradisi dan adat seperti selametan, ziarah kubur, dll. Dakwah dilakukan disertai dengan tindakan mengolok-olok kebiasaan tersebut.Konflik yang berulangkali terjadi membutuhkan pendekatan yang tidak hanya bersifat sosio-kultural, melainkan juga pendekatan berupa regulasi yang dapat mencegah penetrasi secara kelembagaan dari Komunitas Islam Wahabi.

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Conflict between groups has the potential to become a threat ahead of the 2024 presidential election, especially when using identity politics. Identity politics was used by the Wahhabi Islamic Community as later culminated in the case of the Humiliation of the Tomb of TGH Ali Batu in Lotim. Researchers want to identify and analyze potential threats that arise due to identity politics that occur. One of them is the conflict between the Indigenous people group and the Wahhabi Islam group. This study aims to identify or map conflicts that occur and analyze potential threats to national security.

This study uses the concepts of identity politics and conflict as well as threats and national security. While the approach in research is qualitative with case study method. Data collection techniques used are interviews, observation and document study. Interviews were conducted with local traditional and religious leaders and stakeholders who handle conflicts and are complemented by data from informants who handle conflicts.

The findings show that the difference in understanding occurs is caused by the Wahhabi Islamic Community which is structured and systematic in carrying out Islamic purification da'wah which rejects the existence of traditional and customary rituals such as salvation, pilgrimage to the grave, etc. Da'wah is carried out accompanied by making fun of these habits.

Conflicts that occur repeatedly require an approach that is not only socio-cultural in nature, but also an approach in the form of regulations that can prevent institutional penetration of the Wahhabi Islamic Community."

"Non-Traditional Security in Asia examines the critical security challenges faced by states and societies in Asia including health, food, water, natural disasters, internal conflict, forced migration, energy, transnational crime, and cyber security. Through the development of a comprehensive analytical framework that establishes the key ingredients to policy evaluation, the editors draw on a wide variety of experts to collaborate in investigating these crucial issues. This inclusive framework ensures that all voices are heard including those oftentimes under-represented and marginalized in society to ensure that academic and policy debates are well informed about the often complex and nuanced nature of these non-traditional security challenges."