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"What are the ethical principles underpinning the idea of a just war and how should they be adapted to changing social and military circumstances? In this book, Steven P. Lee presents the basic principles of just war theory, showing how they evolved historically and how they are applied today in global relations. He examines the role of state sovereignty and individual human rights in the moral foundations of just war theory and discusses a wide range of topics including humanitarian intervention, preventive war, the moral status of civilians and enemy combatants, civil war and terrorism. He shows how just war theory relates to both pacifism and realism. Finally, he considers the future of war and the prospects for its obsolescence. His clear and wide-ranging discussion, richly illustrated with examples, will be invaluable for students and other readers interested in the ethical challenges posed by the changing nature of war"-- Provided by publisher."

"In Extra-Legal Power and Legitimacy: Perspectives on Prerogative, Clement Fatovic and Benjamin A. Kleinerman examine the costs and benefits associated with different ways that governments have wielded extra-legal powers in times of emergency. They survey distinct models of emergency governments anddraw diverse and conflicting approaches by joining influential thinkers into conversation with one another. Chapters by eminent scholars illustrate the earliest frameworks of prerogative, analyze American perspectives on executive discretion and extraordinary power, and explore the implications andimportance of deliberating over the limitations and proportionality of prerogative power in contemporary liberal democracy.In doing so, they re-introduce into public debate key questions surrounding executive power in contemporary politics"

"ABSTRAKPada tahun 1937, Perang Sino-Jepang Kedua resmi dimulai di Cina. Salah satu kekejaman yang terjadi pada perang tersebut dapat dilihat di Nanjing, di mana pasukan Jepang menduduki Nanjing dan dikatakan membunuh 200,000-300,000 orang dan memerkosa sekitar 20,000 wanita lebih dalam waktu enam pekan. Walaupun peristiwa ini, yang disebut pihak Cina sebagai Pembantaian Nanjing, sudah diakui sebagai kejahatan perang berdasarkan Pengadilan Militer Internasional untuk Timur Jauh tahun 1946, masih ada perdebatan mengenai apa yang terjadi selama enam pekan tersebut, dengan pihak Jepang menyangkal pembantaian tersebut pernah terjadi. Tulisan ini akan membahas tentang Peristiwa Nanjing berdasarkan perspektif pihak Cina, Jepang dan Barat, serta mengapa perbedaan ini dapat muncul.

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ABSTRACTIn 1937, the Second Sino Japanese War officially began in China. One of the most notorious atrocities that happened during this time can be seen in Nanjing, where Japanese army occupied Nanjing and allegedly killed 200,000 300,000 people and raped as much as 20,000 women in the course of six weeks. Although this incident, which the Chinese dubbed as Nanjing Massacre, already been recognized as a war crime based on the 1946 International Military Tribunal for the Far East, there are still some dispute over what exactly happened during those six weeks, with the Japanese denying that such massacre ever occured. This wiritng will discuss the Nanjing Incident based on the Chinese, Japanese and the Western rsquo s perspective, and why such differences can occur."

"Penilitian ini membahas tentanp propaganda yang dilakukan oleh Jepang melalui media kepada masyarakatnya sendiri. Perang Dunia Kedua adalah perang terdahsyat sepanjang sejarah modern. Perang tersebut lebih mematikan dari Perang Dunia Pertama karena melibatkan banyak warga sipil yang menjadi korban. Perang, tidak dapat dijauhkan dari propaganda. Propaganda adalah sebuah cara untuk memanipulasi fakta agar menimbulkan sebuah reaksi dari penerimanya untuk melakukan apa yang propagandis inginkan. Penerima dari propaganda tersebut biasanya adalah masyarakat luas. Karena propaganda memengaruhi banyak orang, propaganda dibutuhkan untuk memulai, melangsungkan, maupun mengakhiri perang. Selaras dengan hal tersebut, media cetak sebagai media informasi dan penyebaran juga tidak terlepas dari propaganda. Di Jepang, media cetak berpengaruh membentuk pandangan masyarakat Jepang terhadap perang pada masa Perang Dunia Kedua. skripsi ini bertujuan menjelaskan tentang bagaimana media cetak mempengaruhi pandangan masyarakat Jepang pada masa Perang Dunia Kedua dan pada masa kapitulasi dengan menggunakan teori sejarah yaitu heuristik, verifikasi, eksplanasi dan historiografi. Dari pembahasan tentang propaganda dan media cetak di dalam skripsi ini, akan didapatkan sebuah kesimpulan bahwa propaganda di Jepang pada masa PD II dan masa kapitulasi mengalami perubahan-perubahan, dan media cetaknya pun ikut berubah, baik dari segi penyajian informasi, penggunaan kata, maupun teknik propaganda yang digunakan.

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This research discusses the propaganda carried out by the Japanese through the media to its own people. The Second World War was the most devastating war in modern history. The war was more deadly than the First World War because it involved many civilians. War, can not be kept away from propaganda. Propaganda is a way of manipulating facts in order to generate a reaction from the recipient to do what the propagandist wants. The recipients of the propaganda are usually the wider community. Because propaganda affects many people, propaganda is needed to start, establish, or end the war. In harmony with this, the print media as a medium of information and dissemination is also inseparable from the propaganda. In Japan, print media shaped the Japanese society 39 s view of war in the Second World War.

This thesis aims to explain how the print media influenced the views of Japanese society during World War II and during the capitulation period with history research method, that is heuristic, verification, explanation, and historiography. From the discussion of propaganda and print media in this thesis, we can conclude that propaganda in Japan during World War II and capitulation period experienced changes, and the print media also changed, both in terms of information presentation, word usage, and technique propaganda used. "

"Hubungan antara Jepang dan Republik Korea setelah Perang Dunia kedua banyak mengalami pasang surut. Setelah nota diplomatik kedua negara ditandatangani pada tahun 1965, 35 tahun kolonisasi Korea oleh Jepang selalu menjadi isu utama dalam setiap kerja sama kedua negara. Setelah Perang dunia kedua, Jepang dan Republik Korea berada pada blok Amerika Serikat. Jepang mampu keluar dari krisis akibat tidak adanya friksi dalam negeri. Sedangkan Republik Korea, lahir akibat konflik internal, yakni Perang Korea di tahun 1950-1953. Dalam bidang ekonomi, hubungan kedua negara lebih banyak diwamai gambaran pasang. Jepang membantu Republik Korea melalui IMF, memberi ODA, membantu modemisasi Republik Korea mela1ui keijasama teknik, serta membantu dunia usaha Re_publik Korea melalui PenanamanModal Asing (PMA). Sedangkan dalam bidang politik, kcrjasarna kedua negara lebih banyak diwamai oleh gambaran surut. Berbagai isu seperti, sengketa pulau Takeshima (Dokto, dalam bahasa Korea), kunjungan petinggi Jepang ke kuil Yasukuni, dan jugun ianfu mcrupakan sumber pemicu bagi buruknya hubungan kedua negara . • Jepang dan Republik Korea adalah dua negara yang bertetangga. Karena bertetangga, hubungan kedua negara seharusnya baik. Untuk dapat menjalin hubungan baik ini, kedua negara tidak saja harus berhubungan antar pemerintah, tapi juga harus an tar rakyat kedua negara.

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The relationship between Japan and the Republic of Korea after the Second World War had many ups and downs. After the diplomatic notes of both countries were signed in 1965, 35 years of Korea's colonization by Japan has always been a major issue in any cooperation between_thc two countries. After the second world war, Japan and the Republic of Korea were in block the United States. Japan was able to get out of the crisis due to the lack of domestic friction. While the Republic ofKorea, born due to internal conflict, namely the Korean War in 1950- 1953. In the economic field, the relationship between the two countries is more colored by the tide picture. Japan assisted Republic of Kor_ea. through IM,F, gave ODA, assisted modernization of Republic of Korea through technical cooperation, and assisted business world Republic of Korea through Foreign Investment. While in the political field, cooperation between the two countries is mostly colored by the receding picture. Issues such as the Takeshima islaud dispute (Dokto, in Korean), Japanese high-rar~l(ing visits to the rasukuni shrine, and jugun ianfu are a source of trigger for bad relations between the two countries. Japan and the Republic of Korea are two neighboring countries. Because neighbors, relations between the two countries should be good. To be able to establish this good relationship, the two countries must not only intergovernmental relations, but also must be between the pecple of both countries."